| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Babulal, Ganesh M, et al.
(författare)
-
Perspectives on ethnic and racial disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: Update and areas of immediate need.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 15:2, s. 292-312
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) are a global crisis facing the aging population and society as a whole. With the numbers of people with ADRDs predicted to rise dramatically across the world, the scientific community can no longer neglect the need for research focusing on ADRDs among underrepresented ethnoracial diverse groups. The Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART; alz.org/ISTAART) comprises a number of professional interest areas (PIAs), each focusing on a major scientific area associated with ADRDs. We leverage the expertise of the existing international cadre of ISTAART scientists and experts to synthesize a cross-PIA white paper that provides both a concise "state-of-the-science" report of ethnoracial factors across PIA foci and updated recommendations to address immediate needs to advance ADRD science across ethnoracial populations.
|
|
| 5. |
- Portnichenko, P. Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Momentum-space structure of quasielastic spin fluctuations in Ce3Pd20Si6
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 91:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among heavy-fermion metals, Ce3Pd20Si6 is one of the heaviest-electron systems known to date. Here we used high-resolution neutron spectroscopy to observe low-energy magnetic scattering from a single crystal of this compound in the paramagnetic state. We investigated its temperature dependence and distribution in momentum space, which was not accessible in earlier measurements on polycrystalline samples. At low temperatures, a quasielastic magnetic response with a half-width Gamma approximate to 0.1 meV persists with varying intensity all over the Brillouin zone. It forms a broad hump centered at the (111) scattering vector, surrounded by minima of intensity at (002), (220), and equivalent wave vectors. The momentum-space structure distinguishes this signal from a simple crystal-field excitation at 0.31 meV, suggested previously, and rather lets us ascribe it to short-range dynamical correlations between the neighboring Ce ions, mediated by the itinerant heavy f electrons via the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida mechanism. With increasing temperature, the energy width of the signal follows the conventional T-1/2 law, Gamma(T) = Gamma(0) + A root T. The momentum-space symmetry of the quasielastic response suggests that it stems from the simple-cubic Ce sublattice occupying the 8c Wyckoff site, whereas the crystallographically inequivalent 4a site remains magnetically silent in this material.
|
|
| 6. |
- Startin, C. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Plasma biomarkers for amyloid, tau, and cytokines in Down syndrome and sporadic Alzheimer's disease
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Alzheimers Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-9193. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDown syndrome (DS), caused by chromosome 21 trisomy, is associated with an ultra-high risk of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), driven by amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene triplication. Understanding relevant molecular differences between those with DS, those with sporadic AD (sAD) without DS, and controls will aid in understanding AD development in DS. We explored group differences in plasma concentrations of amyloid- peptides and tau (as their accumulation is a characteristic feature of AD) and cytokines (as the inflammatory response has been implicated in AD development, and immune dysfunction is common in DS).MethodsWe used ultrasensitive assays to compare plasma concentrations of the amyloid- peptides A(40) and A(42), total tau (t-tau), and the cytokines IL1, IL10, IL6, and TNF between adults with DS (n=31), adults with sAD (n=27), and controls age-matched to the group with DS (n=27), and explored relationships between molecular concentrations and with age within each group. In the group with DS, we also explored relationships with neurofilament light (NfL) concentration, due to its potential use as a biomarker for AD in DS.ResultsA(40), A(42), and IL1 concentrations were higher in DS, with a higher A(42)/A(40) ratio in controls. The group with DS showed moderate positive associations between concentrations of t-tau and both A(42) and IL1. Only NfL concentration in the group with DS showed a significant positive association with age.ConclusionsConcentrations of A(40) and A(42) were much higher in adults with DS than in other groups, reflecting APP gene triplication, while no difference in the A(42)/A(40) ratio between those with DS and sAD may indicate similar processing and deposition of A(40) and A(42) in these groups. Higher concentrations of IL1 in DS may reflect an increased vulnerability to infections and/or an increased prevalence of autoimmune disorders, while the positive association between IL1 and t-tau in DS may indicate IL1 is associated with neurodegeneration. Finally, NfL concentration may be the most suitable biomarker for dementia progression in DS. The identification of such a biomarker is important to improve the detection of dementia and monitor its progression, and for designing clinical intervention studies.
|
|
| 7. |
- Strydom, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Neurofilament light as a blood biomarker for neurodegeneration in Down syndrome
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Alzheimer's Research and Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-9193. ; 10, s. 1-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Down syndrome (DS) may be considered a genetic form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to universal development of AD neuropathology, but diagnosis and treatment trials are hampered by a lack of reliable blood biomarkers. A potential biomarker is neurofilament light (NF-L), due to its association with axonal damage in neurodegenerative conditions. Methods: We measured blood NF-L concentrations in 100 adults with DS using Simoa NF-light® assays, and we examined relationships with age as well as cross-sectional and longitudinal dementia diagnosis. Results: NF-L concentrations increased with age (Spearman's rho = 0.789, p < 0.001), with a steep increase after age 40, and they were predictive of dementia status (p = 0.022 adjusting for age, sex, and APOE4), but they showed no relationship with long-standing epilepsy or premorbid ability. Baseline NF-L concentrations were associated with longitudinal dementia status. Conclusions: NF-L is a biomarker for neurodegeneration in DS with potential for use in future clinical trials to prevent or delay dementia.
|
|
| 8. |
- Costalago, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Using stable isotope analysis to study the diet of Gilchristella aestuaria larvae : preliminary insights into the foodwebs of six South African estuaries
- 2016
-
Ingår i: African Journal of Aquatic Science. - : National Inquiry Services Center (NISC). - 1608-5914 .- 1727-9364. ; 41:4, s. 389-398
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- South African estuarine systems are becoming increasingly altered by anthropogenic and environmental factors, but the consequences of such changes for these systems are still not fully understood. The most common approach for evaluating the ecological status of aquatic systems is studying their associated foodwebs. Due to their high abundance and important ecological role, the larvae of estuarine round herring Gilchristella aestuaria (Gilchrist, 1913) are key candidates for examining the foodweb structure and function of southern African estuaries. The foodwebs and trophic interactions of G. aestuaria larvae in six estuaries in South Africa were compared using larvae sampled in November 2013 and analysed using delta C-13 and delta N-15 and Bayesian isotopic mixing models. The main prey type for G. aestuaria larvae in all estuaries was zooplankton. We found a high similarity among the Kariega, Gamtoos, Great Fish and Sundays estuaries in terms of consumers and potential sources for both d13C and delta N-15 signatures. Significant differences were found in delta C-13 values among marine-dominated estuaries, such as the Kromme Estuary, and the more freshwater-dominated systems. In addition, in the Kromme Estuary particulate organic matter was very important in the diet of G. aestuaria larvae. Our results suggest that both food availability and physical environmental parameters strongly affect the diet and condition of G. aestuaria and, consequently, the entire foodweb in the system.
|
|
| 9. |
- Costalago, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of environmental variables on the larval stages of anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, and sardine, Sardinops sagax, in Algoa Bay, South Africa
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Environmental Biology of Fishes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0378-1909 .- 1573-5133. ; 101:2, s. 225-236
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the environmental drivers of larval abundance of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and sardine Sardinops sagax in Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape (South Africa). This study comprised a pre-drought post-drought time period, comparing the responses of the fish larvae to different factors before and after the drought. The current study presents, for the first time, which environmental variables are affecting the anchovy and sardine larvae populations in the region. Easterly wind speed and zooplankton density were the only environmental variables that presented a significant change between the pre- and post-drought periods, increasing after the drought. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used in order to explore the effects that environmental factors might have in the abundance of anchovy and sardine larvae in Algoa Bay. Specifically, the GAM that best explained the deviance of the anchovy larvae dynamics included the covariates rainfall, easterly wind speed, Chl a concentration, sardine larvae abundance and the interactions SST*Chla and sard*SST. The GAM best explaining sardine larvae abundance included only the easterly wind speed as a covariate. This model showed that there was a positive relationship between the higher values of wind speed and sardine larvae abundance.
|
|
