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- Johansson, Lena, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased physical health-related quality of life—a persisting state for older women with clinical vertebral fracture
- 2019
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - London : Springer London. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 30:10, s. 1961-1971
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a population-based study of older Swedish women, we investigated if clinical vertebral fracture was associated with lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and determined whether the association remained over time. Clinical vertebral fracture was associated with lower HRQoL and the effect persisted for up to 18.9 years.IntroductionVertebral fractures are often associated with back pain and reduced physical function, which might result in isolation and depression. As a result, women with vertebral fractures often have lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but during what time frame the decrease lingers is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if clinical vertebral fracture and hip fracture were associated with lower HRQoL and to determine whether the associations remained over time.MethodsVertebral fracture assessments (VFA) were performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data regarding prior fractures, medications, medical history, and physical activity was collected using a questionnaire. Self-rated physical HRQoL was assessed using the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). Women with clinical vertebral fractures were divided into tertiles according to time since fracture onset and their HRQoL was compared with non-fractured women.ResultsIn a population-based cross-sectional study of 3028 women aged 77.8 ± 1.63 (mean ± SD), a total of 130 (4.3%) women reported at least one clinical vertebral fracture. Women with a clinical vertebral fracture, divided into tertiles (T1–T3) depending on time since the fracture occurred, had lower HRQoL (T1: 36.3 ± 10.8; T2: 41.0 ± 9.94; and T3:41.6 ± 11.4) than women without fracture (46.2 ± 10.6; p < 0.001). Using linear regression analysis, clinical vertebral fracture was associated with reduced physical HRQoL for up to 18.9 years, independently of covariates (age, height, weight, smoking, prior stroke, mental HRQoL, grip strength, and lumbar spine BMD).ConclusionsClinical vertebral fracture was associated with lower self-rated physical HRQoL, for up to 18.9 years after time of fracture. © 2019, The Author(s).
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| 2. |
- Olofsson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of snow on the tread braking performance of a train : A pin-on-disc simulation performed in a climate chamber
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part F, journal of rail and rapid transit. - : Sage Publications. - 0954-4097 .- 2041-3017. ; 230:6, s. 1521-1530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In trains with tread brakes, the coefficient of friction between the brake block and the railway wheel determines the stopping distance. The blocks have traditionally been manufactured from cast iron. Although these blocks have good braking capacity, their use is often restricted due to the squealing noise they emit. Tests of alternative composite block materials have been successful under summer conditions; however, in regions with snowy winters the use of such materials has been limited due to problems with braking capacity under snowy conditions. This research aims to develop a laboratory-scale test methodology for evaluating the braking capacity of tread brake materials under winter and snowy conditions. A pin-on-disc machine placed in a climate chamber was used for testing, and a block of standard cast iron was compared with blocks of standard composite materials. The results indicated that the blocks of standard composite materials generate a much smoother surface on the counter wheel and a significantly lower friction coefficient under snowy conditions. A second test series evaluated blocks of alternative composite materials, and a candidate material with low noise and a sufficiently high sliding friction coefficient was selected for further study. A third test series examining geometrical changes in the contact surface in terms of milled parallel tracks was performed; it revealed that the braking capacity under winter conditions can be increased by milling actions if the parallel tracks are properly oriented - in this case, at an angle of 45 degrees to the sliding direction.
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