| 1. |
- Beecham, Ashley H, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:11, s. 1353-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the ImmunoChip custom genotyping array, we analyzed 14,498 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 24,091 healthy controls for 161,311 autosomal variants and identified 135 potentially associated regions (P < 1.0 × 10(-4)). In a replication phase, we combined these data with previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from an independent 14,802 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 26,703 healthy controls. In these 80,094 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 48 new susceptibility variants (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)), 3 of which we found after conditioning on previously identified variants. Thus, there are now 110 established multiple sclerosis risk variants at 103 discrete loci outside of the major histocompatibility complex. With high-resolution Bayesian fine mapping, we identified five regions where one variant accounted for more than 50% of the posterior probability of association. This study enhances the catalog of multiple sclerosis risk variants and illustrates the value of fine mapping in the resolution of GWAS signals.
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| 2. |
- Danilchenko, Boris A., et al.
(författare)
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High temperature Luttinger liquid conductivity in carbon nanotube bundles
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 97:7, s. 072106-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The conductance and the current-voltage characteristics of metallic single wall carbon nanotube bundles have been measured between 4.2 and 330 K using 10–30 ns electric pulses to avoid overheating. The current-voltage characteristics at different temperatures collapse to a single curve when plotted in the specific coordinates following from the Tomonaga–Luttinger (T–L) liquid concept. Direct evidence is obtained for the existence of a T–L liquid phase up to 190 K and the system shows a transition between the T–L liquid state and a Mott insulating phase below 25 K.
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| 3. |
- Jansson, S. -A, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic evaluation of well-characterized allergy to staple foods in adults
- 2014
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 69:9, s. 1241-1247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate if total, direct, indirect, and intangible costs differ between a cohort of adults with well-characterized allergy to staple foods ('cases') and controls. Methods: Swedish adults with objectively diagnosed food allergy to cow's milk, hen's egg, and/or wheat were recruited at an outpatient allergy clinic. Controls age- and sex-matched to cases were recruited from the same geographic area. For assessing the household costs of food allergy, a disease-specific socioeconomic questionnaire, developed within EuroPrevall, was utilized. Results: Overall annual total costs at the household level were significantly higher among adults with food allergy compared with controls (the difference amounted to 8164 (sic) ), whereas direct costs did not differ between cases and controls. However, household healthcare costs and costs for medicines were significantly higher for cases vs controls. Furthermore, indirect costs were significantly higher for households with food-allergic adults vs households without food-allergic adults. Specifically, more time was spent on performing domestic tasks due to a family member's food-allergy-related illness, as well as shopping and preparing food, and seeking food-allergy-related information. Presence of food allergy also affected intangible costs. Adults with food allergy experienced overall lower health status compared with controls. Conclusions: Swedish adults with allergy to staple foods have higher total costs determined as direct, indirect, and intangible costs using the disease-specific socioeconomic questionnaire. Thus, total costs were 8164 (sic) higher per year in households with at least one adult allergic to staple foods compared with controls.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Sawcer, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 476:7359, s. 214-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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| 6. |
- Schön, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a food supplement rich in arginine in patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis - A randomised trial
- 2011
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Ingår i: Tuberculosis. - : Elsevier. - 1472-9792 .- 1873-281X. ; 91:5, s. 370-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In tuberculosis (TB), the production of nitric oxide (NO) is confirmed but its importance in host defense is debated. Our aim was to investigate whether a food supplement rich in arginine could enhance clinical improvement in TB patients by increased NO production. Smear positive TB patients from Gondar, Ethiopia (n = 180) were randomized to a food supplementation rich in arginine (peanuts, equivalent to 1 g of arginine/day) or with a low arginine content (wheat crackers, locally called daboqolo) during four weeks. The primary outcome was cure rate according to the WHO classification and secondary outcomes were sputum smear conversion, weight gain, sedimentation rate, reduction of cough and chest X-ray improvement as well as levels of NO in urine (uNO) or exhaled air (eNO) at two months. There was no effect of the intervention on the primary outcome (OR 1.44, 95% CI: 0.69-3.0, p = 0.39) or secondary outcomes. In the subgroup analysis according to HIV status, peanut supplemented HIV+/TB patients showed increased cure rate (83.8% (31/37) vs 53.1% (17/32), p andlt; 0.01). A low baseline eNO (andlt; 10 ppb) in HIV+/TB patients was associated with a decreased cure rate. We conclude that nutritional supplementation with a food supplement rich in arginine did not have any overall clinical effect. In the subgroup of HIV positive TB patients, it significantly increased the cure rate and as an additional finding in this subgroup, low initial levels of NO in exhaled air were associated with a poor clinical outcome but this needs to be confirmed in further studies.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Sundqvist, Hanna S., et al.
(författare)
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Arctic Holocene proxy climate database - new approaches to assessing geochronological accuracy and encoding climate variables
- 2014
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 10:4, s. 1605-1631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a systematic compilation of previously published Holocene proxy climate records from the Arctic. We identified 170 sites from north of 58 degrees N latitude where proxy time series extend back at least to 6 cal ka (all ages in this article are in calendar years before present - BP), are resolved at submillennial scale (at least one value every 400 +/- 200 years) and have age models constrained by at least one age every 3000 years. In addition to conventional meta-data for each proxy record (location, proxy type, reference), we include two novel parameters that add functionality to the database. First, climate interpretation is a series of fields that logically describe the specific climate variable(s) represented by the proxy record. It encodes the proxy-climate relation reported by authors of the original studies into a structured format to facilitate comparison with climate model outputs. Second, geochronology accuracy score (chron score) is a numerical rating that reflects the overall accuracy of C-14-based age models from lake and marine sediments. Chron scores were calculated using the original author-reported C-14 ages, which are included in this database. The database contains 320 records (some sites include multiple records) from six regions covering the circumpolar Arctic: Fennoscandia is the most densely sampled region (31% of the records), whereas only five records from the Russian Arctic met the criteria for inclusion. The database contains proxy records from lake sediment (60 %), marine sediment (32 %), glacier ice (5 %), and other sources. Most (61 %) reflect temperature (mainly summer warmth) and are primarily based on pollen, chironomid, or diatom assemblages. Many (15 %) reflect some aspect of hydroclimate as inferred from changes in stable isotopes, pollen and diatom assemblages, humification index in peat, and changes in equilibrium-line altitude of glaciers. This comprehensive database can be used in future studies to investigate the spatio-temporal pattern of Arctic Holocene climate changes and their causes. The Arctic Holocene data set is available from NOAA Paleoclimatology.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Danilchenko, Boris A., et al.
(författare)
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Stability of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid state in gamma-irradiated carbon nanotube bundles
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 25:47, s. 475302-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report experimental results for the changes in conductivity of single-wall carbon nanotube bundles when irradiated by Co-60 gamma-rays in various environments. In the current study the samples investigated were irradiated in hermetic cells, either evacuated (0.1 Pa) or filled with hydrogen or deuterium at atmospheric pressure. In situ measurements of the resistance change as a function of irradiation dose at room temperature are presented. It was found that, for all irradiation conditions, the normalized resistance versus irradiation dose demonstrates a logarithmic behaviour. A phenomenological model for the observed dependence is derived. The current-voltage characteristics of the irradiated samples were measured in the temperature range from 4.5 to 300 K using short (10 ns) electric pulses, and the results demonstrate a scaling behaviour. This scaling occurs in the universal coordinates that correspond to the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid concept. Our results confirm the existence of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid phase up to room temperature in carbon nanotubes after gamma-irradiation to a dose of 5 x10(7) rad in vacuum, 1 : 7 x 10(7) rad in hydrogen and 1 : 24 x 10(8) rad in deuterium.
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| 12. |
- Ghazinour, Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
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Avvisningar och utvisningar av ensamkommande flyktingbarn : om effektivitet, värdighet och barnens bästa från tjänstemäns och gode mäns perspektiv
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport tar sin utgångspunkt i den svenska regeringens ställningstagande att barn som inte anses ha skyddsbehov eller andra skäl att stanna i Sverige ska kunna återvända hem på värdiga sätt. Samma regering har dock också tydligt uttalat att antalet av- och utvisningar väsentligen ska öka i förhållande till tidigare år. Det är den potentiella spänningen mellan skarpa krav på effektivitet i av- och utvisningsärenden å ena sidan och kraven på värdighet, respekt för mänskliga rättigheter och barnets bästa å den andra, som undersöks i den här rapporten. Fokus ligger på hur centrala aktörer förhåller sig till och tolkar dessa krav och på vad deras respektive förhållningssätt och tolkningar betyder för samverkan dem emellan.Tre fallstudier i kommuner av varierande storlek belägna i de geografiskt åtskilda länen Västerbotten, Skåne och Värmland har genomförts. Fallstudierna bygger på totalt 49 intervjuer med handläggare på Migrationsverket, socialsekreterare, gode män, HVBpersonal och poliser – alla verksamma som centrala aktörer vid av- och utvisningar. I analysen av det insamlade materialet betraktas de professionella aktörerna (de gode männen undantagna) som gräsrotsbyråkrater med vida handlingsutrymmen. Det som undersöks är i vilken utsträckning de anser sig kunna omsätta de politiska målsättningarna om ökad effektivitet och bibehållen värdighet i praktiken. För att kunna analysera vad det är som utmärker samarbete och samverkan mellan aktörerna används teorier om interorganisatorisk samverkan.De huvudsakliga slutsatser som framkommit i rapporten är att uppfattningar om och förhållningssätt till det effektiva och värdiga återvändandet skiljer sig åt bland de olika aktörerna i Västerbotten, Skåne och Värmland. Aktörerna gör egna tolkningar av begreppen effektivitet och värdighet, i vilka mening skapas utifrån professionella erfarenheter, roller och uppdrag. De största skillnaderna i uppfattning och tolkning har återfunnits mellan aktörskategorierna, inte mellan de tre fallstudierna. Polis och Migrationsverk anser generellt att effektivitet och värdighet går att förena. Poliserna och tjänstemännen på Migrationsverket har jämfört med de andra aktörerna oftare ett uttalat legalt perspektiv och ser både värdighet och respekt för barnens mänskliga rättigheter som inbäddade i det juridiska ramverket. Socialsekreterare, HVB-personal och gode män anser däremot generellt att ett återvändande mot ett barns vilja inte någonsin kan bli värdigt. De är också mer benägna att se det som att Barnkonventionen i relation till utlänningslagen hamnar i underordnad ställning. Vissa likheter mellan aktörerna har också kunnat identifieras. Samtliga betonar gott bemötande, god kommunikation och tydlig information i relation till de barn som fått av- eller utvisningsbeslut.Aktörernas olika förhållningssätt får konsekvenser för deras samverkan. Överlag kan samverkan i samtliga undersökta kommuner beskrivas som begränsad, oklar, personberoende och utan gemensamma mål. Aktörerna uttrycker brist på tillit och många upplever en känsla av ensamhet i sina roller. Goda erfarenheter av samverkan finns visserligen men det är tydligt att skilda professionella normer, organisationskulturer, erfarenheter och perspektiv försvårar samverkan.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Hale, Sarah E., et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying the Total and Bioavailable Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Dioxins in Biochars
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - Washington, DC : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 46:5, s. 2830-2838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biochar soil amendment is advocated to mitigate climate change and improve soil fertility. A concern though, is that during biochar preparation PAHs and dioxins are likely formed. These contaminants can possibly be present in the biochar matrix and even bioavailable to exposed organisms. Here we quantify total and bioavailable PAHs and dioxins in a suite of over 50 biochars produced via slow pyrolysis between 250 and 900 degrees C, using various methods and biomass from tropical, boreal, and temperate areas. These slow pyrolysis biochars, which can be produced locally on farms with minimum resources, are also compared to biochar produced using the industrial methods of fast pyrolysis and gasification. Total concentrations were measured with a Soxhlet extraction and bioavailable concentrations were measured with polyoxymethylene passive samplers. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 0.07 mu g g(-1) to 3.27 mu g g(-1) for the slow pyrolysis biochars and were dependent on biomass source, pyrolysis temperature, and time. With increasing pyrolysis time and temperature, PAH concentrations generally decreased. These total concentrations were below existing environmental quality standards for concentrations of PAHs in soils. Total PAH concentrations in the fast pyrolysis and gasification biochar were 0.3 mu g g(-1) and 45 mu g g(-1), respectively, with maximum levels exceeding some quality standards. Concentrations of bioavailable PAHs in slow pyrolysis biochars ranged from 0.17 ng L-1 to 10.0 ng L-1 which is lower than concentrations reported for relatively clean urban sediments. The gasification produced biochar sample had the highest bioavailable concentration (162 +/- 71 ng L-1). Total dioxin concentrations were low (up to 92 mu g g(-1)) and bioavailable concentrations were below the analytical limit of detection. No clear pattern of how strongly PAHs were bound to different biochars was found based on the biochars' physicochemical properties.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Högberg, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Children with screening-detected coeliac disease show increased levels of nitric oxide products in urine
- 2011
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Ingår i: ACTA PAEDIATRICA. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 100:7, s. 1023-1027
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Increased concentration of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, nitrite and nitrate, in the urine is a strong indication of ongoing small intestinal inflammation, which is a hallmark of the enteropathy of coeliac disease (CD). It has previously been shown that children with symptomatic, untreated CD have increased levels of NO oxidation products in their urine. The aim of this study was to investigate whether screening-detected, asymptomatic coeliac children display the same urinary nitrite/nitrate pattern. Methods: In a multicenter screening study, serum samples were collected from 7208 12-year-old children without previously diagnosed CD. Sera were analysed for anti-human tissue transglutaminase (tTG) of isotype IgA. Small bowel biopsy was performed in antibody-positive children, yielding 153 new cases of CD. In the screening-detected individuals, the sum of nitrite and nitrate concentrations in the urine was analysed and used as an indicator of NO production. For comparison, 73 children with untreated, symptomatic CD were studied. Results: The nitrite/nitrate levels in children with screening-detected CD and those with untreated symptomatic CD did not differ significantly. Both groups had significantly increased urinary nitrite/nitrate concentrations compared to the children with normal small bowel biopsy (p andlt; 0.001). Conclusion: Children with screening-detected CD have increased production of NO just as children with untreated symptomatic CD. High NO metabolite levels in the urine may indicate a pathogenetic feature of CD and be a marker of major clinical importance.
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| 17. |
- Idh, Jonna, et al.
(författare)
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Resistance to First-Line Anti-TB Drugs is Associated with Reduced Nitric Oxide Susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 7:1, s. e39891-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objective: The relative contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to the killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human tuberculosis (TB) is controversial, although this has been firmly established in rodents. Studies have demonstrated that clinical strains of M. tuberculosis differ in susceptibility to NO, but how this correlates to drug resistance and clinical outcome is not known.Methods: In this study, 50 sputum smear- and culture-positive patients with pulmonary TB in Gondar, Ethiopia were included. Clinical parameters were recorded and drug susceptibility profile and spoligotyping patterns were investigated. NO susceptibility was studied by exposing the strains to the NO donor DETA/NO.Results: Clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis showed a dose- and time-dependent response when exposed to NO. The most frequent spoligotypes found were CAS1-Delhi and T3_ETH in a total of nine known spoligotypes and four orphan patterns. There was a significant association between reduced susceptibility to NO (>10% survival after exposure to 1mM DETA/NO) and resistance against first-line anti-TB drugs, in particular isoniazid (INH). Patients infected with strains of M. tuberculosis with reduced susceptibility to NO showed no difference in cure rate or other clinical parameters, but a tendency towards lower rate of weight gain after two months of treatment.Conclusion: There is a correlation between resistance to first-line anti-TB drugs and reduced NO susceptibility in clinical strains of M. tuberculosis. Further studies including the mechanisms of reduced NO susceptibility are warranted and could identify targets for new therapeutic interventions.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Nord, LC, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of oestrogen regulation of alpha-, beta- and gamma-secretase gene and protein expression in cultured human neuronal and glial cells
- 2010
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Ingår i: Neuro-degenerative diseases. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-2862 .- 1660-2854. ; 7:6, s. 349-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> A key event in Alzheimer’s disease pathology is the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), whereby β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide is produced. Oestrogen is acknowledged to influence cognitive function and has been shown to regulate the secretory metabolism of APP and decrease the production of Aβ, thereby protecting the brain from neurodegeneration. The mechanism for this effect is unknown. <i>Objective:</i> To investigate possible oestrogen regulation of the expression of the APP processing enzymes at the gene and/or protein level. <i>Methods:</i> The effects of oestrogen on gene and protein expression of α- (TACE and ADAM10), β- (BACE) and γ- (presenilin 1) secretases in cultured human fetal neurons and glial cells were studied. The RNase protection assay, gene expression microarray analysis and relative quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyse gene expression, while the protein expression and cellular localization of the secretases were studied by immunoblot and confocal microscopy. <i>Results:</i> Oestrogen is involved in the regulation of the gene expression of TACE and presenilin 1. Most importantly, BACE protein expression was downregulated by oestrogen treatment in mixed neuronal/glial cell cultures. Our results also show the cellular localization of the secretases in human neurons and glial cells, which has been thoroughly discussed in the light of the localization of APP processing. <i>Conclusion:</i> Our results indicate that oestrogen may affect APP processing directly by regulating the expression of the involved enzymes.
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| 21. |
- Rondahl, E., et al.
(författare)
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The risk of HCV RNA contamination in serology screening instruments with a fixed needle for sample transfer
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-6532 .- 1873-5967. ; 60:2, s. 172-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hepatitis C diagnostics involve antibody screening and confirmation of current infection by detection of HCV RNA positivity. In screening instruments with fixed pipetting needle, there is a risk of sample carry-over contamination. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of such contamination in a proposed clinical setting. Study design: In the present study, known HCV RNA positive (n= 149) and negative (n= 149) samples were analysed by anti-HCV Abbott in an Architect instrument in an alternating fashion in order to test for contamination. Results: In subsequent retesting of the previously HCV RNA-negative samples, six samples (4%) were positive by the Cobas Taqman assay with a maximum level of 33. IU/mL. The results show that there is a risk for transfer of HCV in the Architect instrument but they also show that the levels of HCV RNA observed are low. Conclusions: We conclude that complementary HCV RNA testing on samples identified as anti-HCV positive by screening can be recommended because the complementary results are reliable in the majority of cases when either HCV RNA is negative or HCV RNA is positive with a level >1000. IU/mL. In a minority of cases, with low HCV RNA after anti-HCV antibody screening, cross-contamination should be suspected and a new sample requested for HCV RNA testing. This strategy would reduce the need for obtaining a new sample from the vast majority of patients with a newly discovered HCV antibody positivity. © 2014 The Authors.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Sundqvist, E., et al.
(författare)
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Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is negatively associated with multiple sclerosis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis. - : SAGE Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 20:2, s. 165-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epidemiological data suggest a role for common viruses in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), and recent data showed a negative association of past cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on pediatric MS risk. Objective: Our aim was to analyze the association of CMV infection with MS risk in an adult case-control material. A meta-analysis was performed to validate our findings. Methods: Epidemiological Investigation in MS (EIMS) is a case-control study with incident cases and population-based controls. Anti-CMV antibody titers were measured with ELISA, and HLA-A and DRB1 genotyping was performed with SSP-PCR, in 658 MS cases, who all fulfilled the McDonald criteria for MS, and 786 controls. Results: CMV seropositivity was associated with a decreased MS risk, OR = 0.73 (0.58-0.92 95% CI), p = 0.005, adjusted for index age, gender, smoking, sun exposure, EBNA1 IgG titer and HLA-A*02 and DRB1*15. When we removed all cases and controls younger than 18 years at index, the protective effect was still apparent. Conclusions: CMV is negatively associated with adult-onset MS pathology, consistent with results from a study on pediatric MS cases. It remains to be shown whether this negative association is due to a true protective effect of CMV infection on MS risk. © 2013 The Author(s).
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| 25. |
- Sundqvist, E., et al.
(författare)
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Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis : interaction with HLA
- 2012
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Ingår i: Genes and Immunity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1466-4879 .- 1476-5470. ; 13:1, s. 14-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, history of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and HLA-A and DRB1 have all been proposed as risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). Our aim was to analyse possible interactions between antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) or EBNA1 fragments, presence of DRB1*15 and absence of A*02. The study population includes newly diagnosed cases and matched controls. Interaction on the additive scale was calculated using attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), which is the proportion of the incidence among individuals exposed to two interacting factors that is attributable to the interaction per se. IM showed association with MS, odds ratio (OR) = 1.89 (1.45-2.48% confidence interval (Cl)), as did raised EBNA1 IgG OR = 1.74 (1.38-2.18 95%CI). All EBNA1 fragment IgGs were associated with MS risk. However, EBNA1 fragment 385-420 IgG levels were more strongly associated to MS than total EBNA1 IgG, OR = 3.60 (2.75-4.72 95%CI), and also interacted with both DRB1*15 and absence of A*02, AP 0.60 (0.45-0.76 95%CI) and AP 0.39 (0.18-0.61 95%CI), respectively. The observed interaction between HLA class I and 11 genotype and reactivity to EBV-related epitopes suggest that the mechanism through which HLA genes influence the risk of MS may, at least in part, involve the immune control of EBV infection.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Tjellstrom, B., et al.
(författare)
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The effects of oats on the function of gut microflora in children with coeliac disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 39:10, s. 1156-1160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Faecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the gut microflora. We have previously reported high faecal SCFA levels in children with coeliac disease (CD), indicating alteration in gut microfloral metabolism. Data accumulated over recent decades by us and others suggest that wheat-free oats can safely be included in a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, concerns have been raised with respect to the safety of oats in a subset of coeliacs. Aim To describe faecal SCFA patterns in children with newly diagnosed CD treated for 1year with a GFD with or without oats. Methods This report is part of a randomised, double-blind study on the effect of a GFD containing oats (GFD-oats) vs. a standard GFD (GFD-std). Faecal samples were received from 34 children in the GFD-oats group and 37 in the GFD-std group at initial diagnosis and/or after 1year on a GFD. Faecal SCFAs were analysed. Results The GFD-std group had a significantly lower total faecal SCFA concentration at 12months compared with 0months (Pless than0.05). In contrast, total SCFA in the GFD-oats group remained high after 1year on the GFD. The children in the GFD-oats group had significantly higher acetic acid (Pless than0.05), n-butyric acid (Pless than0.05) and total SCFA concentration (Pless than0.01) after 1-year diet treatment compared to the GFD-std group. Conclusions Our results indicate that oats do affect the gut microflora function, and that some coeliac children receiving oats may develop gut mucosal inflammation, that may present a risk for future complications.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Ökvist, Lena Sundqvist., et al.
(författare)
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Injection of alternative carbon containing materials into the blast furnace
- 2012
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Ingår i: TMS Annual Meeting. - 9781118291160 ; , s. 161-169
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Residual materials from the integrated steel plant itself or other sources often contain valuable compounds of e.g. C and Fe. Dust and sludge have to be agglomerated to be able to recycle to the blast furnace (BF) via top-charging. By injection of the materials, preparation methods in terms of e.g. drying and/or screening only, can be used. Alternative carbon materials (ACM) in terms of BF dust and sludge have been successfully injected up to levels of 60 kg/tHM in the LKAB Experimental Blast Furnace (LKAB EBF®). Efficiency in recovery of valuable compounds as well as the behavior of undesired elements have been evaluated and are discussed.
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