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- Treviño Morales, Sandra, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Dynamics of cluster-forming hub-filament systems The case of the high-mass star-forming complex Monoceros R2
- 2019
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 629
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. High-mass stars and star clusters commonly form within hub-filament systems. Monoceros R2 (hereafter Mon R2), at a distance of 830 pc, harbors one of the closest of these systems, making it an excellent target for case studies. Aims. We investigate the morphology, stability and dynamical properties of the Mon R2 hub-filament system. Methods. We employed observations of the (CO)-C-13 and (CO)-O-18 1 -> 0 and 2 -> 1 lines obtained with the IRAM-30m telescope. We also used H-2 column density maps derived from Herschel dust emission observations. Results. We identified the filamentary network in Mon R-2 with the DisPerSE algorithm and characterized the individual filaments as either main (converging into the hub) or secondary (converging to a main filament). The main filaments have line masses of 30-100 M-circle dot pc(-1) and show signs of fragmentation, while the secondary filaments have line masses of 12-60 M-circle dot pc(-1) and show fragmentation only sporadically. In the context of Ostriker's hydrostatic filament model, the main filaments are thermally supercritical. If non-thermal motions are included, most of them are transcritical. Most of the secondary filaments are roughly transcritical regardless of whether non-thermal motions are included or not. From the morphology and kinematics of the main filaments, we estimate a mass accretion rate of 10(-4)-10(-3) M-circle dot yr(-1) into the central hub. The secondary filaments accrete into the main filaments at a rate of 0.1-0.4 x 10(-4) M-circle dot yr(-1). The main filaments extend into the central hub. Their velocity gradients increase toward the hub, suggesting acceleration of the gas. We estimate that with the observed infall velocity, the mass-doubling time of the hub is similar to 2.5 Myr, ten times longer than the free-fall time, suggesting a dynamically old region. These timescales are comparable with the chemical age of the HII region. Inside the hub, the main filaments show a ring-or a spiral-like morphology that exhibits rotation and infall motions. One possible explanation for the morphology is that gas is falling into the central cluster following a spiral-like pattern.
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- Rao, M. Suri Appa, et al.
(author)
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Piscidinols H-L, apotirucallane triterpenes from the leaves of Walsura trifoliata and their insecticidal activity
- 2015
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In: Tetrahedron. - : Elsevier. - 0040-4020 .- 1464-5416. ; 71:9, s. 1431-1437
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Five new apotirucallane-type terpenoids, Piscidinols H-L (1-5), were isolated from the leaves of Walsura trifoliate and their structures were fully established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic (especially 20 NMR and mass) analysis. These new compounds possessed tetracyclic and acetal rings. All the new isolates were evaluated for their antifeedant activities in tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera aura) and castor semilooper (Achaea janata) using a no-choice laboratory bioassay and the test compounds (1-6) exhibited moderate insecticidal activities. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Suri, P., et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis of 158,000 individuals of European ancestry identifies three loci associated with chronic back pain
- 2018
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In: PLoS Genet. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 14:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Back pain is the #1 cause of years lived with disability worldwide, yet surprisingly little is known regarding the biology underlying this symptom. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of chronic back pain (CBP). Adults of European ancestry were included from 15 cohorts in the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, and from the UK Biobank interim data release. CBP cases were defined as those reporting back pain present for >= 3-6 months; non-cases were included as comparisons ("controls"). Each cohort conducted genotyping using commercially available arrays followed by imputation. GWAS used logistic regression models with additive genetic effects, adjusting for age, sex, study-specific covariates, and population substructure. The threshold for genome-wide significance in the fixed-effect inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis was p<5x10(-8). Suggestive (p<5x10(-7)) and genome-wide significant (p<5x10(-8)) variants were carried forward for replication or further investigation in the remaining UK Biobank participants not included in the discovery sample. The discovery sample comprised 158,025 individuals, including 29,531 CBP cases. A genome-wide significant association was found for the intronic variant rs12310519 in SOX5 (OR 1.08, p = 7.2x10(-10)). This was subsequently replicated in 283,752 UK Biobank participants not included in the discovery sample, including 50,915 cases (OR 1.06, p= 5.3x10(-11)), and exceeded genome-wide significance in joint meta-analysis (OR 1.07, p= 4.5x10(-19)). We found suggestive associations at three other loci in the discovery sample, two of which exceeded genome-wide significance in joint meta-analysis: an intergenic variant, rs7833174, located between CCDC26 and GSDMC (OR 1.05, p = 4.4x10(-13)), and an intronic variant, rs4384683, in DCC (OR 0.97, p = 2.4x10(-19)). In this first reported meta-analysis of GWAS for CBP, we identified and replicated a genetic locus associated with CBP (SOX5). We also identified 2 other loci that reached genome-wide significance in a 2-stage joint meta-analysis (CCDC26/GSDMC and DCC).
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- Cremers, Ruben G., et al.
(author)
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The role of the prostate cancer gene 3 urine test in addition to serum prostate-specific antigen level in prostate cancer screening among breast cancer, early-onset gene mutation carriers
- 2015
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In: Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-1439. ; 33:5, s. 19-202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the additive value of the prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) urine test to serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer (PC) screening among breast cancer, early-onset gene (BRCA) mutation carriers. This study was performed among the Dutch participants of IMPACT, a large international study on the effectiveness of PSA screening among BRCA mutation carriers. Materials and methods: Urinary PCA3 was measured in 191 BRCA1 mutation carriers, 75 BRCA2 mutation carriers, and 308 noncarriers. The physicians and participants were blinded for the results. Serum PSA level≥3.0. ng/ml was used to indicate prostate biopsies. PCA3 was evaluated (1) as an independent indicator for prostate biopsies and (2) as an indicator for prostate biopsies among men with an elevated PSA level. PC detected up to the 2-year screening was used as gold standard as end-of-study biopsies were not performed. Results: Overall, 23 PCs were diagnosed, 20 of which were in men who had an elevated PSA level in the initial screening round. (1) PCA3, successfully determined in 552 participants, was elevated in 188 (cutoff≥25; 34%) or 134 (cutoff≥35; 24%) participants, including 2 of the 3 PCs missed by PSA. PCA3 would have added 157 (≥25; 28%) or 109 (≥35; 20%) biopsy sessions to screening with PSA only. (2) Elevated PCA3 as a requirement for biopsies in addition to PSA would have saved 37 (cutoff≥25) or 43 (cutoff≥35) of the 68 biopsy sessions, and 7 or 11 PCs would have been missed, respectively, including multiple high-risk PCs. So far, PCA3 performed best among BRCA2 mutation carriers, but the numbers are still small. Because PCA3 was not used to indicate prostate biopsies, its true diagnostic value cannot be calculated. Conclusions: The results do not provide evidence for PCA3 as a useful additional indicator of prostate biopsies in BRCA mutation carriers, as many participants had an elevated PCA3 in the absence of PC. This must be interpreted with caution because PCA3 was not used to indicate biopsies. Many participants diagnosed with PC had low PCA3, making it invalid as a restrictive marker for prostate biopsies in men with elevated PSA levels.
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- Muller, Holger, et al.
(author)
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Detection of extragalactic argonium, ArH+, toward PKS 1830-211
- 2015
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 582, s. 4-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. Argonium has recently been detected as a ubiquitous molecule in our Galaxy. Model calculations indicate that its abundance peaks at molecular fractions in the range of 10-4 to 10-3 and that the observed column densities require high values of the cosmic ray ionization rate. Therefore, this molecular cation may serve as an excellent tracer of the very diffuse interstellar medium (ISM), as well as an indicator of the cosmic ray ionization rate.Aims. We attempted to detect ArH+ in extragalactic sources to evaluate its diagnostic power as a tracer of the almost purely atomic ISM in distant galaxies.Methods. We obtained ALMA observations of a foreground galaxy at z = 0.89 in the direction of the lensed blazar PKS 1830−211.Results. Two isotopologs of argonium, 36ArH+ and 38ArH+, were detected in absorption along two different lines of sight toward PKS 1830−211, known as the SW and NE images of the background blazar. The argonium absorption is clearly enhanced on the more diffuse line of sight (NE) compared to other molecular species. The isotopic ratio 36Ar/38Ar is 3.46 ± 0.16 toward the SW image, i.e., significantly lower than the solar value of 5.5.Conclusions. Our results demonstrate the suitability of argonium as a tracer of the almost purely atomic, diffuse ISM in high-redshift sources. The evolution of the isotopic ratio with redshift may help to constrain nucleosynthetic scenarios in the early Universe.
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- Novikov, S., et al.
(author)
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Raman coherence in a circuit quantum electrodynamics lambda system
- 2016
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In: Nature Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-2481 .- 1745-2473. ; 12:1, s. 75-79
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atomic three-level systems dressed by two coherent electromagnetic fields can exhibit coherent population trapping and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) due to quantum interference. By addressing the combined qubit-cavity states of a superconducting transmon qubit in a three-dimensional copper cavity with two microwave drives we establish an effective system, two legs of which are defined by a dipole transition and a two-photon transition. This circuit-based system allows the observation of three-microwave-photon Raman coherence effects, including coherent population trapping and EIT, which are demonstrated here with both steady-state spectroscopic techniques and time-domain measurements. By sending Gaussian microwave pulses through the cavity in the EIT regime, a negative group velocity of the pulse is observed with the peak of the pulse exiting the cavity 9.4 μs before entering.
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- Wen, P. Y., et al.
(author)
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Large Collective Lamb Shift of Two Distant Superconducting Artificial Atoms
- 2019
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 122:23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Virtual photons can mediate interaction between atoms, resulting in an energy shift known as a collective Lamb shift. Observing the collective Lamb shift is challenging, since it can be obscured by radiative decay and direct atom-atom interactions. Here, we place two superconducting qubits in a transmission line terminated by a mirror, which suppresses decay. We measure a collective Lamb shift reaching 0.8% of the qubit transition frequency and twice the transition linewidth. We also show that the qubits can interact via the transmission line even if one of them does not decay into it.
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