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| 2. |
- Dahlin, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Combining Entity Matching Techniques for Detecting Extremist Behavior on Discussion Boards
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM), 2012. - : IEEE. - 9781467324977 - 9780769547992 ; , s. 850-857
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many extremist groups and terrorists use the Web for various purposes such as exchanging and reinforcing their beliefs, making monitoring and analysis of discussion boards an important task for intelligence analysts in order to detect individuals that might pose a threat towards society. In this work we focus on how to automatically analyze discussion boards in an effective manner. More specifically, we propose a method for fusing several alias (entity) matching techniques, that can be used to identify authors with multiple aliases. This is one part of a larger system, where the aim is to provide the analyst with a list of potential extremist worth investigating further.
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| 3. |
- Hanssen, Kine Œ, et al.
(författare)
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The Bromotyrosine derivative Ianthelline isolated from the arctic marine sponge Stryphnus fortis inhibits marine micro- and macrobiofouling
- 2014
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Ingår i: Marine Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-2228 .- 1436-2236. ; 16:6, s. 684-694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inhibition of marine biofouling by the bromotyrosine derivative ianthelline, isolated from the Arctic marine sponge Stryphnus fortis, is described. All major stages of the fouling process are investigated. The effect of ianthelline on adhesion and growth of marine bacteria and microalgae is tested to investigate its influence on the initial microfouling process comparing with the known marine antifoulant barettin as a reference. Macrofouling is studied via barnacle (Balanus improvisus) settlement assays and blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) phenoloxidase inhibition. Ianthelline is shown to inhibit both marine micro- and macrofoulers with a pronounced effect on marine bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values 0.1–10 μg/mL) and barnacle larval settlement (IC50=3.0 μg/mL). Moderate effects are recorded on M. edulis (IC50=45.2 μg/mL) and microalgae, where growth is more affected than surface adhesion. The effect of ianthelline is also investigated against human pathogenic bacteria. Ianthelline displayed low micromolar MIC values against several bacterial strains, both Gram positive and Gram negative, down to 2.5 μg/mL. In summary, the effect of ianthelline on 20 different representative marine antifouling organisms and seven human pathogenic bacterial strains is presented.
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| 4. |
- Legrand, Sacha, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation, characterization and application of a stationary chromatographic phase from a new (+)-tartaric acid derivative
- 2010
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-4039 .- 1359-8562. ; 51:17, s. 2258-2261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The preparation, characterization and application of a new stationary phase derived from 1,4-cyclohexanedione and diethyl (+)-tartrate are described. A suitable TADDOL for immobilization has been synthesized and grafted to a gamma-mercaptopropylsilylated silica gel. The resulting modified stationary phase has been characterized and its ability to separate enantiomers has been studied. While the free TADDOL in solution was able to resolve a range of enantiomers, the resolving properties were lost on immobilization. Solid state C-13 CPMAS NMR of the new stationary phase was used to explain the lack of stereoselective recognition. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Moe, Morten K., et al.
(författare)
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The structure of the fire fighting foam surfactant Forafac (R) 1157 and its biological and photolytic transformation products
- 2012
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 89:7, s. 869-875
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For several decades, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has widely been used as a fluorinated surfactant in aqueous film forming foams used as hydrocarbon fuel fire extinguishers. Due to concerns regarding its environmental persistence and toxicological effects, PFOS has recently been replaced by novel fluorinated surfactants such as Forafac (R) 1157, developed by the DuPont company. The major component of Forafac (R) 1157 is a 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide alkylbetaine (6:2 FTAB), and a link between the trade name and the exact chemical structure is presented here to the scientific community for the first time. In the present work, the structure of the 6:2 FTAB was elucidated by H-1, C-13 and F-19 nuclear magnetic resonance Spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Moreover, its major metabolites from blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and its photolytic transformation products were identified. Contrary to what has earlier been observed for PFOS, the 6:2 FTAB was extensively metabolized by blue mussel and turbot exposed to Forafac (R) 1157. The major metabolite was a deacetylated betaine species, from which mono- and di-demethylated metabolites also were formed. Another abundant metabolite was the 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide. In another experiment, Forafac (R) 1157 was subjected to UV-light induced photolysis. The experimental conditions aimed to simulate Arctic conditions and the deacetylated species was again the primary transformation product of 6:2 FTAB. A 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide was also formed along with a non-identified transformation product. The environmental presence of most of the metabolites and transformation products was qualitatively demonstrated by analysis of soil samples taken in close proximity to an airport fire training facility.
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| 6. |
- Sivertsen, A, et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic cationic antimicrobial peptides bind with their hydrophobic parts to drug site II of human serum albumin
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Structural Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6807. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Many biologically active compounds bind to plasma transport proteins, and this binding can be either advantageous or disadvantageous from a drug design perspective. Human serum albumin (HSA) is one of the most important transport proteins in the cardiovascular system due to its great binding capacity and high physiological concentration. HSA has a preference for accommodating neutral lipophilic and acidic drug-like ligands, but is also surprisingly able to bind positively charged peptides. Understanding of how short cationic antimicrobial peptides interact with human serum albumin is of importance for developing such compounds into the clinics. Results The binding of a selection of short synthetic cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs) to human albumin with binding affinities in the μM range is described. Competitive isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and NMR WaterLOGSY experiments mapped the binding site of the CAPs to the well-known drug site II within subdomain IIIA of HSA. Thermodynamic and structural analysis revealed that the binding is exclusively driven by interactions with the hydrophobic moieties of the peptides, and is independent of the cationic residues that are vital for antimicrobial activity. Both of the hydrophobic moieties comprising the peptides were detected to interact with drug site II by NMR saturation transfer difference (STD) group epitope mapping (GEM) and INPHARMA experiments. Molecular models of the complexes between the peptides and albumin were constructed using docking experiments, and support the binding hypothesis and confirm the overall binding affinities of the CAPs. Conclusions The biophysical and structural characterizations of albumin-peptide complexes reported here provide detailed insight into how albumin can bind short cationic peptides. The hydrophobic elements of the peptides studied here are responsible for the main interaction with HSA. We suggest that albumin binding should be taken into careful consideration in antimicrobial peptide studies, as the systemic distribution can be significantly affected by HSA interactions.
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| 7. |
- Svenson, Johan
(författare)
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Alcohol consumption and harm among adolescents in Sweden : is smuggled alcohol more harmful?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse. - 1067-828X .- 1547-0652. ; 21:2, s. 167-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a consequence of Sweden joining the European Union, privately imported alcohol is increasingly sold within illegal contexts (i.e., smuggled alcohol). One implication of the smuggled alcohol is that alcohol becomes more available to underage drinkers. In the Swedish debate, smuggled alcohol has been formulated as a youth problem. The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between consumption of smuggled alcohol and alcohol-related harm among adolescents in Sweden. Data on consumption of smuggled alcohol were obtained from monthly surveys, and data on harm originates from the National Board of Health and Welfare. The analysis was made by means of time-series analysis (ARIMA models). The results highlight the importance of overall consumption per se and not the type of alcohol (illegal or not) consumed.
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| 8. |
- Trepos, Rozenn, et al.
(författare)
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Antifouling compounds from the Sub-Arctic ascidian Synoicum pulmonaria: Synoxazolidinones A and C, Pulmonarins A and B, and synthetic analogues.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of natural products. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 77:9, s. 2105-2113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study describes the antifouling properties of four members belonging to the recently discovered synoxazolidinone and pulmonarin families, isolated from the sub-Arctic sessile ascidian Synoicum pulmonaria collected off the Norwegian coast. Four simplified synthetic analogues were also prepared and included in the study. Several of the studied compounds displayed MIC values in the micro-nanomolar range against 16 relevant marine species involved in both the micro- and macrofouling process. Settlement studies on Balanus improvisus cyprids indicated a deterrent effect and a low toxicity for selected compounds. The two synoxazolidinones displayed broad activity and are shown to be among the most active natural antifouling bromotyrosine derivatives described. Synoxazolidinone C displayed selected antifouling properties comparable to the commercial antifouling product Sea-Nine-211. The pulmonarins prevented the growth of several bacterial strains at nanomolar concentrations but displayed a lower activity toward microalgae and no effect on barnacles. The linear and cyclic synthetic peptidic mimics also displayed potent antifouling activities mainly directed against bacterial adhesion and growth.
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