| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bäckman, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Importance of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A in the Progression of Experimental Neuroblastoma
- 2002
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Ingår i: Angiogenesis. - 0969-6970 .- 1573-7209. ; 5:4, s. 267-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and its receptor tyrosine kinases located on endothelial cells seem to play an important role in the multistep pathway of angiogenesis. SU5416 is a small molecule which inhibits angiogenesis by acting as an inhibitor of VEGF receptor-2 tyrosine kinase. We have developed a reproducible murine model for neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer, based on s.c. xenotransplantation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We found that SH-SY5Y cells expressed VEGF-A on both the mRNA and protein levels, that plasma concentrations of VEGF-A were significantly elevated in animals with neuroblastoma with a volume > 1.4 ml, and that there was a correlation between VEGF-A levels in plasma and tumor size in untreated tumor-bearing animals. Treatment with SU5416 reduced the growth of neuroblastoma tumors by 65% without apparent toxicity. SU5416 treatment also suppressed tumor angiogenesis, despite an increase in plasma VEGF-A levels per ml tumor volume during therapy. Our experimental data suggest that the angiogenesis inhibitor SU5416 may be beneficial in the treatment of solid tumors of childhood such as neuroblastoma.
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| 3. |
- Börjesson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Methane fluxes from a Swedish landfill determined by geostatistical treatment of static chamber measurements
- 2000
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1086-931X .- 1520-6912 .- 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 34:18, s. 4044-4050
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methane emissions from a Swedish landfill were measured with a static chamber technique on three occasions during 1997. Methane flux rates ranged from -15.2 x 10-3 to 40 g of CH4 m-2 h-1, and the spatial variability was high (CV = 343-386%). The spatial distribution of the emissions was estimated with the help of ordinary kriging, which is a spatial interpolation method. Three different approaches to estimate the total amounts were used: kriging on logarithm-transformed data, kriging with extremes excluded, and linear interpolation of measurements. These were compared between themselves and with the flux rates measured with a tracer gas technique. While the latter gave an estimate of 41 kg of CH4 h-1 from the landfill (with small variations), the highest possible estimate obtained with static chambers and geostatistical methods was 9.7 kg of CH4 h-1. The conclusion is that static chambers can hardly be trusted for making more than small-scale estimates of landfill gas emissions.Methane emissions from a Swedish landfill were measured with a static chamber technique on three occasions during 1997. Methane flux rates ranged from -15.2 ╫ 10-3 to 40 g of CH4 m-2 h-1, and the spatial variability was high (CV = 343-386%). The spatial distribution of the emissions was estimated with the help of ordinary kriging, which is a spatial interpolation method. Three different approaches to estimate the total amounts were used: kriging on logarithm-transformed data, kriging with extremes excluded, and linear interpolation of measurements. These were compared between themselves and with the flux rates measured with a tracer gas technique. While the latter gave an estimate of 41 kg of CH4 h-1 from the landfill (with small variations), the highest possible estimate obtained with static chambers and geostatistical methods was 9.7 kg of CH4 h-1. The conclusion is that static chambers can hardly be trusted for making more than small-scale estimates of landfill gas emissions.
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| 4. |
- Ehinger, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of CD4 or CD8 deficiency on collagen-induced arthritis
- 2001
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Ingår i: Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0019-2805 .- 1365-2567. ; 103:3, s. 291-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of T cells in the mouse collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model for rheumatoid arthritis is not clarified, and different results have been reported concerning the role of CD4 and CD8 T cells. To address this issue, we have investigated B10.Q mice deficient for CD4 or CD8. The mice lacking CD4 were found to be less susceptible to disease, but not completely resistant, whereas the CD8 deficiency had no significant impact on the disease. No difference in the development of late occurring relapses was noted. Interestingly, the CD4-deficient mice had a severely reduced response to the glycosylated form of the immunodominant type II collagen (CII) 256–270 peptide whereas the response to the non-glycosylated peptide was not significantly different. Furthermore, CD4-deficient mice had lower antibody responses to CII, explaining the lower disease susceptibility. In comparison with previously reported results, it is apparent that the lack of CD4 molecules has a different impact on CIA if present on different genetic backgrounds, findings that could possibly be related to the occurrence of different disease pathways of CIA in different mouse strains.
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| 5. |
- Eneroth, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Contamination of pasteurised milk by Bacillus cereus in the filling machine
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Research. - 0022-0299. ; 68:2, s. 189-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The contamination of pasteurized milk by Bacillus cereus during the ®lling process was studied in two dairy plants. Samples of pasteurized milk were taken at four different sites along the production line. The samples were stored at 7 °C for 7 d, or at 10 °C for 5 d, before plate counting and random selection of B. cereus isolates. Isolates of B. cereus were typed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method randomly ampli®ed polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Samples taken at three different sites between the pasteurizer and the ®lling machine were all holding similar low concentrations of B. cereus, while an increase of the B. cereus count was seen in the consumer packages. More B. cereus of different RAPD types was growing in the consumer packages than in samples taken just before the ®lling machine. Several RAPD types found in the consumer packages were not detected in the samples taken just before the ®lling machine.
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| 6. |
- Franck, M, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of stunning conditions on occurence of PSE defects in hams of rn+/RN- pigs
- 2003
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Ingår i: Meat Science. - 1873-4138. ; 64:4, s. 351-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pigs of the same genetic type at the RN and HAL loci, i.e. rn(+) RN-/NN were reared in similar conditions of feeding and housing. They were slaughtered in two abattoirs (referred to as A1 and A2) using a mixture of air (30%) and CO2 (70%), at a rate of 300 pigs per hour per slaughterline. One hundred and thirty-two pigs from I I farms were slaughtered in A I using a corusinga restrainer and 127 pigs from 5 farms were slaughtered in A2 with the backloading technique. pH at 40 min, 2.5 h and 24 h after slaughter and colour (L*, a*, b*) at 24 h after slaughter were measured in the semimembranosus muscle. Meat quality of the ham was scored as follows: 1, no PSE-zone; 2, doubtful; 3, PSE-zones in the semimembranosus and sometimes on the internal flexor muscles; 4, PSE-zones in all the flexor muscles. The muscle pH value was higher in A2 than in A I at 40 min post mortem (P < 0.01), but not at 2.5 and 24 h. L* (P < 0.001) and b* (P < 0.05) were higher in A 1 than in A2. There was a remarkable difference in meat quality scores, with 50% of the hams scoring 3 or 4 in A1, vs 13% in A2. Lairage time before slaughter affected (P < 0.01) the pH value at 2.5 h (5.69 vs 5.93). The values of pH1 and pH2.5 decreased with increasing the meat quality score. The values of L* and b* increased markedly with the score. The results of the present study indicate that the method of bringing the slaughter pigs to the stunning device affects the frequency and importance of PSE meat in the ham. The automated driving of groups of animals to the stunning machine combined with the backloading of a nacelle, compared to a traditional system driving pigs in single file using electrical goads and a restrainer was beneficial with respect to both meat quality and animal welfare. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Janhäll, Sara, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Size resolved traffic emission factors of submicrometer particles
- 2004
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 38:26, s. 4331-4340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Size resolved emission factors for submicrometer particles related to trace gases have been obtained from measurement data at a suburban road side, with a traffic intensity of 18,000 vehicles per day. Number of particles with diameter 10-368 nm, trace gases (NO, NOx, O-3 and SO2) traffic and meteorology parameters were measured outside of Goteborg, Sweden. Size distributions of small particles at the site are presented and their relation to meteorological and traffic related variables was evaluated. Wind speed correlated negatively with 10-368 nm particles and temperature correlated negatively with the smaller particles (10-60 nm). Nitric oxide was shown to be a better tracer for traffic related ultrafine particles, than traffic intensity itself. The calculated emission factor, with errors at 95% confidence level, for particles in the range 10-368 nm is presented in relation to nitrogen oxides. The emission factors were 268+/-60 and 176+/-37 particles cm(-3) per ppb NO and NOx, respectively. The particle emission factors for 10-100, 10-50, 50-170 and 170-368 nm were 260+/-70, 228+/-52, 41+/-11 and <1 particle cm(-3) per ppb NO, respectively. The size distribution of the emissions is given by number of particles normalised by the width of the size bin, i.e. in units of dNd log Dp(-1) ppb(-1). The maximum normalised emission factor was 450 cm(-3) per ppb NO for 20 nm particles. The shape of the size distribution of emissions revealed one sharp peak at 20 nm, with a small shoulder at 70 nm. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Nitrous oxide exchanges with the atmosphere of a constructed wetland treating wastewater - Parameters and implications for emission factors
- 2003
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Ingår i: Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 0280-6509 .- 1600-0889. ; 55:3, s. 737-750
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Static chamber measurements of N2O fluxes were taken during the 1998 and 1999 growth seasons in a Swedish constructed wetland receiving wastewater. The dominating plant species in different parts of the wetland were Lemna minor L., Typha latifolia L., Spirogyra sp. and Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) and Phalaris arundinacea (L.), respectively. There were large temporal and spatial variations in N2O fluxes, which ranged from consumption at -350 to emissions at 1791 mug N2O m(-2) h(-1). The largest positive flux occurred in October 1999 and the lowest in the middle of July 1999. The average N2O flux for the two years was 130 mug N2O m(-2) h(-1) (SD = 220). No significant differences in N2O fluxes were found between the years, even though the two growing seasons differed considerably with respect to both air temperature and precipitation. 15% of the fluxes were negative, showing a consumption of N2O. Consumption occurred on a few occasions at most measurement sites and ranged from 1-350 mug N2O m(-2) h(-1). 13-43% of the variation in N2O fluxes was explained by multiple linear regression analysis including principal components. Emission factors were calculated according to IPCC methods from the N2O fluxes in the constructed wetland. The calculated emission factors were always lower (0.02-0.27%) compared to the default factor provided by the IPCC (0.75%). Thus, direct application of the IPCC default factor may lead to overestimation of N2O fluxes from constructed wastewater-treating wetlands.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and genetic diversity of group C rotavirus among adults
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 182:3, s. 678-684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fecal samples from a 1-year prospective study were investigated to establish the role of group C rotavirus infections in acute diarrhea in Swedish adults (>15 years old). Rotaviruses were found in samples from 3% of the patients, and, in 35% of these, group C rotavirus was detected. Clinical symptoms of group C rotavirus infection were generally milder than those of group A rotavirus infection. Gene 8 (vp7) from 12 group C isolates, including strains from the prospective study, a military outbreak, and a sporadic case, was sequenced. The gene was found to be extremely conserved, with identities of 99.1%-100% at the amino acid level. This study has systematically investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of group C rotavirus in adults. The data confirm the extreme sequence conservation within human group C rotavirus strains and suggest that symptomatic group C rotavirus infections occur more frequently in adults than has been previously recognized.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Rudström, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Paper Prototyping a Social Mobile Service
- 2003. - 1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methods for design and evaluation of interactive applications are not readily applicable to mobile services. By modifying an existing paper prototyping method we evaluated a mobile social service for providing user-based tips in a shopping mall. The evaluation showed that tips can be pushed to users and that they can accept that a complex user interface is presented on a small screen. Although the evaluation took place in an office environment, we received feedback on functionality of the service in the context of the shopping mall. Our evaluation indicates that simple prototyping techniques can be used for informative evaluations of mobile services that are heavily context dependent.
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| 12. |
- Svensson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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IL-4-deficient mice develop less acute but more chronic relapsing collagen-induced arthritis
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 32:10, s. 2944-2953
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rheumatoid arthritis as well as collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is thought to involve T cell autoimmunity of the Th1 type and the Th2 cytokine IL-4 has been proposed to play a suppressive role. To exclude a possible skewing role of the mycobacteria used in the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) we induced CIA with type II collagen (CII) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Our results show that IL-4 deficiency leads to a lesser susceptibility to arthritis and lower B and T cell responses if induced with CII/IFA but not if induced with CII/CFA. In addition, IL-4-deficient mice were less susceptible to arthritis induced with monoclonal anti-CII antibodies. However, mice immunized with CII/IFA later developed a chronic relapsing disease, which was promoted by IL-4 deficiency. We conclude that IL-4 plays different roles depending on the type of adjuvant used and the phase (acute or chronic) of the clinical disease.
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| 13. |
- Svensson, Åsa
(författare)
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Application of a New Logic to Old Drugs: Angiogenesis Inhibition in Neuroblastoma
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid cancers of early childhood. In Sweden, approximately 10-15 cases occur annually. The overall five-year neuroblastoma survival in Europe is approximately 45%. Since cancer treatment involves drugs with risks of side effects in the growing child, there is a need for more effective and less toxic drugs. One new approach in cancer treatment is inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, i.e., of new blood vessel growth into the tumor. An angiogenesis inhibitor may be combined with cytostatic drugs to enhance the efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate how drugs could be used to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth in a xenograft model of human neuroblastoma in nude mice. The tumors express the angiogenesis stimulator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on both protein and mRNA levels. The angiogenesis inhibitors SU5416 (an inhibitor of VEGF signalling) and TNP-470 (an inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation) inhibited angiogenesis in our model. TNP-470, however, inhibited angiogenesis without significant reduction of the tumor growth, in contrast to SU5416. We also discovered that the cytostatic drug CHS 828 could cause regression of neuroblastoma tumors in the model when given orally at a low daily dose, alone or in combination with the angiogenesis inhibitor SU5416 or TNP-470. Furthermore, a new use of the cardiac glycoside digoxin was found. Digoxin inhibited FGF-2 -stimulated bovine capillary endothelial cell growth in vitro, and inhibited angiogenesis in vivo in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM). It also inhibited neuroblastoma growth by approximately 50% in our neuroblastoma model. In conclusion, CHS 828 and digoxin represent two classes of drugs with potent antitumor effects that may be valuable in treatment of neuroblastoma, either alone or in combination with angiogenesis inhibitors.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Svensson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Ger vi cytostatika på fel sätt?
- 2000
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. ; 97, s. 2246-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Wang, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Two-year follow-up of Helicobacter pylori infection in C57BL/6 and Balb/cA mice.
- 2003
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Ingår i: APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0463. ; 111:4, s. 514-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma. We previously found high-grade lymphoma after 13 months' H. pylori infection in C57BL/6 mice. In this study we followed H. pylori infection by three different isolates in C57BL/6 and Balb/cA mice for 23 months. Six-week-old C57BL/6 and Balb/cA mice were infected with H. pylori strains 119p (CagA+, VacA+), SS1 (CagA+, VacA+) and G50 (CagA-, VacA-). Mice were followed at 2 weeks, 10 weeks and 23 months post-inoculation (p.i.) by culture, histopathology and serology. Strain G50 was only reisolated from mice 2 weeks p.i. There was no difference in colonization between strain 119p and SS1 at 10 weeks p.i., whereas SS1 gave 100% colonization versus 119p gave 50% 23 months p.i.. Interestingly, the inflammation score was higher in mice infected with strain 119p than with SS1 10-week p.i., and there were lymphoepithelial lesions in mice infected with strain 119p and G50 but not with SS1 at 23 months post-infection. Eight mice infected with strains 119p and G50 developed gastric lymphoma (grade 5 and 4). One C57BL/6 mouse infected with strain 119p developed hepatocellular carcinoma after 23 months. Immunoblot showed specific bands of 2633 kDa against H. pylori in infected mice, and two mice infected with strain SSI reacted with antibodies to the 120 kDa CagA toxin. Conclusion: A reproducible animal model for H. pylori-induced lymphoma and possibly hepatocellular carcinoma is described. Strain diversity may lead to different outcomes of H. pylori infection.
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