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Sökning: WFRF:(Svensson Bertil) > (2000-2009)

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1.
  • Svensson, Per Anders, 1959, et al. (författare)
  • Identification of genes predominantly expressed in human macrophages
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. ; 177, s. 287-290
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Identification of cell and tissue specific genes may provide novel insights to signaling systems and functions. Macrophages play a key role in many diseases including atherosclerosis. Using DNA microarrays we compared the expression of approximately 10,000 genes in 56 human tissues and identified 23 genes with predominant expression in macrophages. The identified genes include both genes known to be macrophage specific and genes previously not well described in this cell type. Tissue distribution of two genes, liver X receptor (LXR) alpha and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), was verified by real-time RT-PCR. We conclude that comparison of expression profiles from a large number of tissues can be used to identify genes that are predominantly expressed in certain tissues. Identification of novel macrophage specific genes may increase our understanding of the role of this cell in different diseases.
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2.
  • Svensson, Per-Arne, 1969, et al. (författare)
  • Regulation and splicing of scavenger receptor class B type I in human macrophages and atherosclerotic plaques
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: BMC Cardiovasc Disord. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2261. ; 5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The protective role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the cardiovascular system is related to its role in the reverse transport of cholesterol from the arterial wall to the liver for subsequent excretion via the bile. Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) binds HDL and mediates selective uptake of cholesterol ester and cellular efflux of cholesterol to HDL. The role of SR-BI in atherosclerosis has been well established in murine models but it remains unclear whether SR-BI plays an equally important role in atherosclerosis in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of SR-BI and its isoforms in human macrophages and atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS: The effect of hypoxia and minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL), two proatherogenic stimuli, on SR-BI expression was studied in human monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy subjects using real-time PCR. In addition, SR-BI expression was determined in macrophages obtained from subjects with atherosclerosis (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 15). Expression of SR-BI isoforms was characterized in human atherosclerotic plaques and macrophages using RT-PCR and DNA sequencing. RESULTS: SR-BI expression was decreased in macrophages after hypoxia (p < 0.005). In contrast, SR-BI expression was increased by exposure to mmLDL (p < 0.05). There was no difference in SR-BI expression in macrophages from patients with atherosclerosis compared to controls. In both groups, SR-BI expression was increased by exposure to mmLDL (p < 0.05). Transcripts corresponding to SR-BI and SR-BII were detected in macrophages. In addition, a third isoform, referred to as SR-BIII, was discovered. All three isoforms were also expressed in human atherosclerotic plaque. Compared to the other isoforms, the novel SR-BIII isoform was predicted to have a unique intracellular C-terminal domain containing 53 amino acids. CONCLUSION: We conclude that SR-BI is regulated by proatherogenic stimuli in humans. However, we found no differences between subjects with atherosclerosis and healthy controls. This indicates that altered SR-BI expression is not a common cause of atherosclerosis. In addition, we identified SR-BIII as a novel isoform expressed in human macrophages and in human atherosclerotic plaques.
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3.
  • Almén, Oscar, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Kina idag
  • 2008
  • Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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4.
  • Bengtsson, Jerker, et al. (författare)
  • A configurable framework for stream programming exploration in baseband applications
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: 2006 IEEE International Parallel &amp; Distributed Processing Symposium. - Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE Press. - 1424400546 ; , s. 8-
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a configurable framework to be used for rapid prototyping of stream based languages. The framework is based on a set of design patterns defining the elementary structure of a domain specific language for high-performance signal processing. A stream language prototype for baseband processing has been implemented using the framework. We introduce language constructs to efficiently handle dynamic reconfiguration of distributed processing parameters. It is also demonstrated how new language specific primitive data types and operators can be used to efficiently and machine independently express computations on bitfields and data-parallel vectors. These types and operators yield code that is readable, compact and amenable to a stricter type checking than is common practice. They make it possible for a programmer to explicitly express parallelism to be exploited by a compiler. In short, they provide a programming style that is less error prone and has the potential to lead to more efficient implementations.
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5.
  • Bengtsson, Jerker, et al. (författare)
  • A Domain-specific Approach for Software Development on Manycore Platforms
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: SIGARCH Computer Architecture News. - New York : ACM Press. - 0163-5964 .- 1943-5851. ; 36:5, s. 2-10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The programming complexity of increasingly parallel processors calls for new tools that assist programmers in utilising the parallel hardware resources. In this paper we present a set of models that we have developed as part of a tool for mapping dataflow graphs onto manycores. One of the models captures the essentials of manycores identified as suitable for signal processing, and which we use as target for our algorithms. As an intermediate representation we introduce timed configuration graphs, which describe the mapping of a model of an application onto a machine model. Moreover, we show how a timed configuration graph by very simple means can be evaluated using an abstract interpretation to obtain performance feedback. This information can be used by our tool and by the programmer in order to discover improved mappings.
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7.
  • Bengtsson, Jerker, et al. (författare)
  • Manycore performance analysis using timed configuration graphs
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: International Symposium on Systems, Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation, 2009. SAMOS '09. - Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE Press. - 9781424445028 ; , s. 108-117
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The programming complexity of increasingly parallel processors calls for new tools to assist programmers in utilising the parallel hardware resources. In this paper we present a set of models that we have developed to form part of a tool which is intended for iteratively tuning the mapping of dataflow graphs onto manycores. One of the models is used for capturing the essentials of manycores that are identified as suitable for signal processing and which we use as target architectures. Another model is the intermediate representation in the form of a timed configuration graph, describing the mapping of a dataflow graph onto a machine model. Moreover, this IR can be used for performance evaluation using abstract interpretation. We demonstrate how the models can be configured and applied in order to map applications on the Raw processor. Furthermore, we report promising results on the accuracy of performance predictions produced by our tool. It is also demonstrated that the tool can be used to rank different mappings with respect to optimisation on throughput and end-to-end latency.
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9.
  • Bengtsson, Jerker (författare)
  • Models and Methods for Development of DSP Applications on Manycore Processors
  • 2009
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Advanced digital signal processing systems require specialized high-performance embedded computer architectures. The term high-performance translates to large amounts of data and computations per time unit. The term embedded further implies requirements on physical size and power efficiency. Thus the requirements are of both functional and non-functional nature. This thesis addresses the development of high-performance digital signal processing systems relying on manycore technology. We propose building two-level hierarchical computer architectures for this domain of applications. Further, we outline a tool flow based on methods and analysis techniques for automated, multi-objective mapping of such applications on distributed memory manycore processors. In particular, the focus is put on how to provide a means for tunable strategies for mapping of task graphs on array structured distributed memory manycores, with respect to given application constraints. We argue for code mapping strategies based on predicted execution performance, which can be used in an auto-tuning feedback loop or to guide manual tuning directed by the programmer. Automated parallelization, optimisation and mapping to a manycore processor benefits from the use of a concurrent programming model as the starting point. Such a model allows the programmer to express different types and granularities of parallelism as well as computation characteristics of importance in the addressed class of applications. The programming model should also abstract away machine dependent hardware details. The analytical study of WCDMA baseband processing in radio base stations, presented in this thesis, suggests dataflow models as a good match to the characteristics of the application and as execution model abstracting computations on a manycore. Construction of portable tools further requires a manycore machine model and an intermediate representation. The models are needed in order to decouple algorithms, used to transform and map application software, from hardware. We propose a manycore machine model that captures common hardware resources, as well as resource dependent performance metrics for parallel computation and communication. Further, we have developed a multifunctional intermediate representation, which can be used as source for code generation and for dynamic execution analysis. Finally, we demonstrate how we can dynamically analyse execution using abstract interpretation on the intermediate representation. It is shown that the performance predictions can be used to accurately rank different mappings by best throughput or shortest end-to-end computation latency.
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10.
  • Bengtsson, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • The REMAP Reconfigurable Architecture : a Retrospective
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: FPGA Implementations of Neural Networks. - New York : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0387284850 ; , s. 325-360
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The goal of the REMAP project was to gain new knowledge about the design and use of massively parallel computer architectures in embedded real-time systems. In order to support adaptive and learning behavior in such systems, the efficient execution of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms on regular processor arrays was in focus. The REMAP-β parallel computer built in the project was designed with ANN computations as the main target application area. This chapter gives an overview of the computational requirements found in ANN algorithms in general and motivates the use of regular processor arrays for the efficient execution of such algorithms. REMAP-β was implemented using the FPGA circuits that were available around 1990. The architecture, following the SIMD principle (Single Instruction stream, Multiple Data streams), is described, as well as the mapping of some important and representative ANN algorithms. Implemented in FPGA, the system served as an architecture laboratory. Variations of the architecture are discussed, as well as scalability of fully synchronous SIMD architectures. The design principles of a VLSI-implemented successor of REMAP-β are described, and the paper is concluded with a discussion of how the more powerful FPGA circuits of today could be used in a similar architecture. © 2006 Springer.
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12.
  • Bengtsson, Niklas, 1980- (författare)
  • Essays in Development and Labor Economics
  • 2009
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis consists of three self-contained essays. Essay I. This essay uses time-series of rainfall to estimate the response of body weight to transitory changes in household income in rural Tanzania. The response is positive on average, but is markedly higher among female children. For female children, a ten-percent increase in household income implies an increase in body weight by about 0.4 kilos. In contrast, the body weight of adolescents and young adults is virtually invariant to transitory income changes. Essay II. In this essay, the impact of a village-level assistance program run by the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania is estimated. We find that the program increased literacy by 15-20 percentage points and educational attainment by 10-15 percentage points, but only among Protestant children. Catholic children living in the same targeted villages were unaffected. The results support the concern that faith organizations might overstate their ability to aid households of different faith. Essay III. This essay exploits a rapid introduction of an unconditional cash grant (child support) in South Africa in order to estimate the marginal propensity to consume and earn out of a permanent change in unearned income. We find that the marginal propensity to earn is about -0.25 to -0.4. A very small fraction of the grant is saved. All in all, the marginal propensities estimated here are all similar to those reported in comparable papers using US data. However, they stand in contrast to some results on conditional cash transfers in other developing countries.
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13.
  • Bilstrup, Urban, et al. (författare)
  • A fault tolerance test enabling QoS in a Bluetooth piconet
  • 2004
  • Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • An important trend, in personal area networks, is that time critical application becomes more common, e.g., voice over IP, video phone calls, network games. This segment of applications demands for quality of service (QoS) guarantees, to provide the correct functionality. The Bluetooth standard provides an optional interface to support QoS guarantees, but the standard does not suggest any actual implementation. A wireless communication channel is stochastic by nature, providing QoS guarantees with this precondition make traditional deterministic real-time theory obsolete.  In this paper a probabilistic fault tolerance test enabling quality of service guarantees in a Bluetooth piconet is given. The basic Bluetooth network architecture is based on a master-slave configuration, i.e., a point to point connection. More advanced network architectures are possible where up to eight Bluetooth equipped units can be active members of one network (piconet). Furthermore, several piconets can interconnect and form a so called scatternet.
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14.
  • Bilstrup, Urban, et al. (författare)
  • Capacity limitations in wireless sensor networks
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: ETFA 2003. - Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE. - 0780379373 ; , s. 529-536
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is expected that wireless sensor network will be used in home automation and industrial manufacturing in the future. The main driving forces for wireless sensor networks are fault tolerance, energy gain and spatial capacity gain. Unfortunately, an often forgotten issue is the capacity limits that the network topology of a wireless sensor network represents. In this paper we identify gains, losses and limitations in a wireless sensor network, using a simplified theoretical network model. Especially, we want to point out the stringent capacity limitations that this simplified network model provide. Where a comparison between the locality of the performed information exchange and the average capacity available for each node is the main contribution.
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15.
  • Bilstrup, Urban, 1971- (författare)
  • Design Space Exploration of Wireless Multihop Networks
  • 2005
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis explores the feasible design space of wireless multihop networks and identifies fundamental design parameters. In the process of exploring it is important to ignore all details and instead take a holistic view. This means that all protocol details are overseen, all details of radio wave propagation models are overseen and the system is modelled strictly on an architectural level. From a theoretical information perspective, there is a limit to the capacity that a certain bandwidth and a certain signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver can provide. This limit is approximated as a volume in the time-frequency-space domain. A single transmission is represented as an occupied volume in this domain. A wireless multihop network covers a spatial area, and the question is how multiple numbers of transmission volumes can be fit into a given limited spatial area. This volume fitting should be done in order to maximize the overall performance or to trade available resources to favour a specific characteristic in the wireless multihop network. The volume model is used for the design space exploration of a wireless multihop network. It is argued that the fault tolerance and the energy gain achieved in a multihop topology are its strength as compared to a single-hop architecture. It is further shown that the energy gain is achieved at the expense of delay and a greater end-to-end error probability. This indicates that these parameters must be very carefully balanced in order to gain in the global overall performance perspective. It can further be concluded that the overall spatial capacity is increased as a result of the spatial channel reuse in a multihop topology. On the other hand, it is also shown that the multihop topology introduces a rather stringent geometrical capacity limitation when the number of nodes of a wireless multihop network is increased. The dynamics (e.g. node mobility, changing radio channels etc.) of a large scale wireless multihop network is also a limiting factor. The nodes’ mobility creates a knowledge horizon beyond which very little can be known about the present network topology.
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16.
  • Bilstrup, Urban, 1971-, et al. (författare)
  • Knowledge Horizon - Dynamic limitations in a wireless ad hoc network
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: SNCNW 2003 Swedish National Computer Networking Workshop 2003 on-line proceedings. ; , s. 1-3
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper we investigate the impact of node mobility in a wireless ad hoc network (WAHN). Especially we investigate the possibility to provide guaranteed services in a WAHN, i.e., the network topology predictability. We combine link expiration time (LET) estimation with information propagation speed (IPS) in a time-space diagram and as result an operation area is revealed. The result gives that a WAHN, where the nodes are mobile, has a knowledge horizon (KH), the distance of which is dependent on the mobility of the nodes. Beyond the KH, knowledge about the network state is impossible to achieve. Thus, we can not predict long distance network topology state when the node mobility is high.
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18.
  • Bilstrup, Urban, et al. (författare)
  • The use of clustered wireless multihop networks in industrial settings
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: ETFA 2007. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Press. - 9781424408252 ; , s. 211-218
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper suggests a cluster collision avoidance mechanism and a dual transceiver architecture to be used in a clustered wireless multihop network. These two contributions make the clustered wireless multihop network the preferred architecture for future industrial wireless networks. The wireless multihop cluster consists of one master and several slaves, where some of the slaves will act as gateways between different clusters. Frequency hopping spread spectrum is used on a cluster level and to avoid frequency collisions between clusters a "neighbor cluster collision avoidance mechanism" is proposed and evaluated through simulations. To break up the dependence between the clusters, introduced by the gateway nodes, each node is equipped with two transceivers. The paper is concluded with a suggestion to use a clustered wireless multihop network with orthogonal hopping sequences for an industrial setting.
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19.
  • Bilstrup, Urban, et al. (författare)
  • Using Dual-Radio Nodes to Enable Quality of Service in a Clustered Wireless Mesh Network
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 2006. ETFA '06. - Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE Press. - 0780397584 ; , s. 54-61
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper some well established wireless technologies are merged into a new concept solution for a future industrial wireless mesh network. The suggested clustered wireless mesh network can handle probabilistic quality of service guarantees and is based on a dual-radio node architecture using synchronized frequency hopping spread spectrum Bluetooth radios. The proposed architecture gives a heuristic solution to the inter-cluster scheduling problem of gateway nodes in clustered architectures and breaks up the dependence between the local medium access schedules of adjacent clusters. The dual-radio feature also enables higher network connectivity, implying, for example, that a higher link redundancy can be achieved.
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20.
  • Björklund, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Admission Troponin T and measurement of ST-segment resolution at 60 min improve early risk stratification in ST-elevation myocardial infarction
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Eur Heart J. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 25:2, s. 113-20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS: The prognostic value of admission troponin T (tnT) levels and the resolution of the ST-segment elevation in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is well established. However, the combination of these two early available markers for predicting risk has not been evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated 516 patients with fibrinolytic treated STEMI from the ASSENT-2 and ASSENT-PLUS studies, which had both admission tnT and ST-monitoring available. We used a prospectively defined cut-off value of tnT of 0.1microg/l. For ST-segment resolution, a cut-off of 50% measured after 60min was used. Both a tnT >/=0.1microg/l (n=116) and ST-segment resolution <50% (n=301) were related to higher one-year mortality, 13% vs 4% (P<0.001) and 8.4% vs 2.8% (P=0.009), respectively. In a multivariate analysis ST-segment resolution was and tnT showed a strong trend to be independently related to mortality. The combination of both further improved risk stratification. The one-year mortality in the group with elevation of tnT and without ST-segment resolution compared to the group without tnT elevation and with ST-segment resolution was 18.2% vs 2.8% (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both tnT on admission and ST-segment resolution after 60min are strong predictors of one-year mortality. The combination of both gives additive early information about prognosis and further improves risk stratification.
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21.
  • Björklund, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Pre-hospital thrombolysis delivered by paramedics is associated with reduced time delay and mortality in ambulance-transported real-life patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 27:10, s. 1146-1152
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS: There are sparse data on the impact of pre-hospital thrombolysis (PHT) in real-life patients. We therefore evaluated treatment delays and outcome in a large cohort of ambulance-transported real-life patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) according to PHT delivered by paramedics or in-hospital thrombolysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective cohort study used data from the Swedish Register of Cardiac intensive care on patients admitted to the coronary care units of 75 Swedish hospitals in 2001-2004. Ambulance-transported thrombolytic-treated patients younger than age 80 with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction were included. Patients with PHT (n=1690) were younger, had a lower prevalence of co-morbid conditions, fewer complications, and a higher ejection fraction (EF) than in-hospital-treated patients (n=3685). Median time from symptom onset to treatment was 113 min for PHT and 165 min for in-hospital thrombolysis. One-year mortality was 7.2 vs. 11.8% for PHT and in-hospital thrombolysis, respectively. In a multivariable analysis, after adjusting for baseline characteristics and rescue angioplasty, PHT was associated with lower 1-year mortality (odds ratio 0.71, 0.55-0.92, P=0.008). CONCLUSION: When compared with regular in-hospital thrombolysis, pre-hospital diagnosis and thrombolysis with trained paramedics in the ambulances are associated with reduced time to thrombolysis by almost 1 h and reduced adjusted 1-year mortality by 30% in real-life STEMI patients.
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23.
  • Björkman, Tommy, et al. (författare)
  • Experiences of stigma among people with severe mental illness. Reliability, acceptability and construct validity of the Swedish versions of two stigma scales measuring devaluation/discrimination and rejection experiences
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 61:5, s. 332-338
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Stigma has been identified as one of the most important obstacles for a successful integration of people with mental illness into the society. Research about stigma has shown negative attitudes among the public towards people with mental illness. Studies so far have, however, put little emphasis on how these negative attitudes are perceived by the mentally ill persons. The aim of the present study was to investigate acceptability and internal consistency of the Swedish versions of two stigma scales, the Devaluation and Discrimination scale and the Rejection experiences scale. Forty individuals were subject to an interview, which also comprised assessments of needs for care, quality of life, therapeutic relationship and empowerment. The results showed that both the Devaluation and Discrimination scale and the Rejection experiences scale had a good internal consistency and acceptability. Stigma in terms of perceived devaluation and discrimination was found to be most markedly associated with empowerment and rejection experiences was found to be most associated with the number of previous psychiatric admissions. It is concluded that the Swedish versions of the Devaluation and Discrimination scale and the Rejection experiences scale may well be used in further studies of stigma among people with mental illness.
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25.
  • Eriksson, Jan R, 1947-, et al. (författare)
  • Implementering av SAMLIC : förslaget och processen
  • 2006
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Growing cities are increasing the demand for goods carrying traffic to function well with other traffic. The number of zones for unloading goods in the centre of Linköping is small compared to the number of delivery addresses and the number of goods distributors. The attendant phenomena are congestion and costs of congestion. Therefore the local network for freight forwarders in Linköping has taken the initiative to the SAMLIC project. SAMLIC stands for Coordinated Retail Distribution in Linköping City. Economic profitability is important to accomplish for a system with a joint venture in coordinated distribution to be successful. No matter which form the coordinated distribution takes, the savings for the freight forwarders must be of such a dimension that they find it profitable to join instead of delivering the goods by themselves. The aim of SAMLIC is to create an economically and logistically efficient system for goods distribution that is persistent and friendly to the environment. The aim of this implementation project is to make a proposal for an implementation of a functional system for coordinated retail distribution in the centre of Linköping. Also the process behind the proposal and the process of trying to implement the proposal will be described in the report. During a trial period of nine weeks in the spring of 2004 there was a coordinated distribution to the centre of Linköping. Three freight forwarders took part in this project. The experience of the trial shows that the needed number of trucks decreased by 25-35%, the total time for the distribution decreased by 15-20% and the total driving kilometer in the centre decreased by at least 50%. The coordinated distribution system might get introduced in several middle size and big cities. To efficiently handle this, there is a need of a common concept. In this project a concept of this type is developed as a prototype to be used at the implementation. The concept implies uniformity and clearness for freight forwarders and makes local solutions possible to be applied in different cities. The proposal is detailed enough to be a foundation of a decision between the freight forwarders to implement the coordinated distribution system. Besides, we show that the system is economically profitable and technically feasible. We include suggestions for texts for different necessary written agreements. Finally, why we did not succeed to implement the coordinated distribution system during the planned time for the project has different explanations. We will examine them in the report, too.
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26.
  • Forsberg, Håkan, et al. (författare)
  • A scalable and pipelined embedded signal processing system using optical hypercube interconnects
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems (PDCS 2000), Las Vegas, NV, USA, Nov. 6-9, 2000. - Las Vegas : IASTED. ; , s. 265-272
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper, we propose a system suitable for embedded signal processing with extreme performance demands. The system consists of several computational modules that work independently and send data simultaneously in order to achieve high throughput. Each computational module is composed of multiple processors connected in a hypercube topology to meet scalability and high bisection bandwidth requirements. Free-space optical interconnects and planar packaging technology make it possible to transform the hypercubes into planes and to take advantage of many optical properties. For instance, optical fan-out reduces hardware cost. This, altogether, makes the system capable of meeting high performance demands in, e.g., massively parallel signal processing. An example system with eleven computational modules and an overall peak performance greater than 2.8 TFLOPS is presented. The effective inter-module bandwidth in this configuration is 1,024 Gbit/s.
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27.
  • Forsberg, Håkan, et al. (författare)
  • Embedded Signal Processing Using Free-Space Optical Hypercube Interconnects
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Optical Networks Magazine. - : Springer-Verlag. - 1572-8161 .- 1388-6916. ; 4:4, s. 35-49
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The speed and complexity of integrated circuits are increasing rapidly. For instance, today's mainstream processors have already surpassed gigahertz global clock frequencies on-chip. As a consequence, many algorithms proposed for applications in embedded signal-processing (ESP) systems, e.g. radar and sonar systems, can be implemented with a reasonable number (less than 1000) of processors, at least in terms of computational power. An extreme inter-processor network is required, however, to completely implement those algorithms. The demands are such that completely new interconnection architectures must be considered.In the search for new architectures, developers of parallel computer systems can actually take advantage of optical interconnects. The main reason for introducing optics from a system point of view is the strength in using benefits that enable new architecture concepts, e.g. free-space propagation and easy fan-out, together with benefits that can actually be exploited by simply replacing the electrical links with optical ones without changing the architecture, e.g. high bandwidth and complete galvanic isolation.In this paper, we propose a system suitable for embedded signal processing with extreme performance demands. The system consists of several computational modules that work independently and send data simultaneously in order to achieve high throughput. Each computational module is composed of multiple processors connected in a hypercube topology to meet scalability and high bisection bandwidth requirements. Free-space optical interconnects and planar packaging technology make it possible to arrange the hypercubes as planes with an associated three-dimensional communications space and to take advantage of many optical properties. For instance, optical fan-out reduces hardware cost. Altogether, this makes the system capable of meeting high performance demands in, for example, massively parallel signal processing. One 64-channel airborne radar system with nine computational modules and a sustained computational speed of more than 1.6 Tera floating point operations per second (TFLOPS) is presented. The effective inter-module bandwidth in this configuration is 1 024 Gbit/s.
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28.
  • Forsberg, Håkan, et al. (författare)
  • Key Issues in Implementing an Optoelectronic Planar Free-space Architecture for Signal Processing Applications
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: IASTED International Multi-Conference on Applied Informatics. - : IASTED/ACTA Press. - 0889863415 ; , s. 621-629
  • Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • In this paper, we deal with the key issues in implementing an optoelectronic architecture suitable for embedded signal processing. The architecture is based on a system concept where free-space optical interconnects and planar packaging technologies make it possible to merge complicated and new parallel computer architectures into planes and to take advantage of many properties of optics. For instance, optical fan-out reduces the hardware cost as well as the all-to-all broadcast time. It is also possible to meet scalability and high bisection bandwidth requirements. The main results show that it is possible to build a 6D hypercube using planar optical substrates.
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29.
  • Forsberg, Håkan, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • Opportunities for Optical Planar Interconnection Technology in Terabit Switches
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications, July 2-4, 2003, Banff, Canada. - Anaheim; Calgary : ACTA Press. - 0889863741 - 9780889863743 ; , s. 155-164
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To keep up with the explosive growth of world-wide network traffic, large-capacity switches, with switching capacities in excess of several terabits per second, are becoming an essential part of the future. To realize such switches, new architecture concepts must be considered. In this paper, we discuss a technology for terabit switches that combines the advantage of using optical communication in all three spatial dimensions and the benefits of using surface mounted optoelectronic as well as electronic chips. We present three different types of packet-based switch fabrics, all based on the optical planar interconnection technology. We then discuss these in terms of capacity, scalability, and physical size. All three implementations have a single switch plane cross sectional bandwidth exceeding 5 Tbps.
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30.
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31.
  • Forsberg, Håkan, et al. (författare)
  • Radar signal processing using pipelined optical hypercube interconnects
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium. - Los Alamitos, California : IEEE Computer Society Press. - 0769509908 ; , s. 2043-2052
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper, we consider the mapping of two radar algorithms on a new scalable hardware architecture. The architecture consists of several computational modules that work independently and send data simultaneously in order to achieve high throughput. Each computational module is composed of multiple processors connected in a hypercube topology to meet scalability and high bisection bandwidth requirements. Free-space optical interconnects and planar packaging technology make it possible to transform the hypercubes into planes. Optical fan-out reduces the number of optical transmitters and thus the hardware cost. Two example systems are analyzed and mapped onto the architecture. One 64-channel airborne radar system with a sustained computational load of more than 1.6 TFLOPS, and one ground-based 128-channel radar system with extreme inter-processor communication demands.
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32.
  • Hoang, Hoai, 1976- (författare)
  • Enhancing the Performance of Distributed Real-time Systems
  • 2007
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Advanced embedded systems can consist of many sensors, actuators and processors that are deployed on one or several boards, while having a demand of interacting with each other and sharing resources. Communication between different components usually has strict timing constraints. There is thus a strong need to provide solutions for time critical communication. This thesis focuses on both the support of real-time services over standard switched Ethernet networks and the improvement of systems' real-time characteristics, such as reducing delay and jitter in processors and on communication links.Switched Ethernet has been chosen in this work because of its major advantages in industry; it supports higher bit-rates than most other current LAN (Local Area Network) technologies, including field buses, still at a low cost. We propose using a star network topology with a single Ethernet switch. Each node is connected to a separate port of the switch via a full-duplex link, thereby eliminating collisions. A solid real-time communication protocol for switched Ethernet networks is proposed in the thesis, including a real-time layer between the Ethernet layer and the TCP/IP suite. The network has the capability of supporting both real-time and non real-time traffic and assuring adaptation to the surrounding protocol standards.Most embedded systems work in a dynamic environment, where the precise behavior of the network traffic can usually not be predicted. To support real-time services, we have chosen the Earliest Deadline scheduling algorithm (EDF) because of its optimality, high efficiency and suitability for being used in adaptive schemes. To be able to increase the amount of guaranteed real-time traffic, the notion of Asymmetric Deadline Partitioning Scheme (ADPS) is introduced. ADPS allows distribution of the end-to-end deadline of a message, sent from any source node in the network to any destination node via the switch, into two sub-deadlines, one for each hop according to the load of the physical link that it must traverse.For the EDF scheduling algorithm, the feasibility test is one of the most important techniques that provides us with information about whether or not the real-time traffic can be guaranteed by the network. With the same computational complexity as the feasibility test, a method has been developed to compute the minimum EDF-feasible deadline for a real-time task. The importance of this method in real-time applications lies in that it can be effectively used to reduce the response times of specific control activities or limit their input-output jitter. To allow more flexibility in the control of delay and jitter in real-time systems, a general approach for reducing task deadlines according to the requirements of individual tasks has been developed. The method allows the user to specify a deadline reduction factor for each task in order to better exploit the available slack according to the tasks' actual requirements.
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33.
  • Holmer, Helene, et al. (författare)
  • Fracture incidence in GH-deficient patients on complete hormone replacement including GH
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 22:12, s. 1842-1850
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fracture risk in GHD patients is not definitely established. Studying fracture incidence in 832 patients on GH therapy and 2581 matched population controls, we recorded a doubled fracture risk in CO GHD women, but a significantly lower fracture risk in AO GHD men. Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate fracture incidence in patients wilh confirmed growth hormone deficiency (GHD) on replacement therapy (including growth hormone [GH]) compared with population controls, while also taking potential confounders and effect modifiers into account. Materials and Methods: Eight hundred thirty-two patients with GHD and 2581 matched population controls answered a questionnaire about fractures and other background information. Incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% CI for first fracture were estimated. The median time on GH therapy for childhood onset (CO) GHD men and women was 15 and 12 yr, respectively, and 6 and 5 yr for adult onset (AO) GHD men and women, respectively. Results: A more than doubled risk (IRR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.23-4.28) for nonosteoporotic fractures was recorded in women with CO GHD, whereas no risk increase was observed among CO GHD men (IRR. 0.61) and AO GHD women (IRR, 1.08). A significantly decreased incidence of fractures (IRR, 0.54; 95% CI 0.34-0.86) was recorded in AO GHD men. Conclusions: Increased fracture risk in CO GHD women can most likely be explained by interaction between oral estrogen and the GH-IGF-I axis. The adequate substitution rate of testosterone (90%) and GH (94%) may have resulted in significantly lower fracture risk in AO GHD men.
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34.
  • Holmer, Helene, et al. (författare)
  • Nonfatal stroke, cardiac disease, and diabetes mellitus in hypopituitary patients on hormone replacement including growth hormone
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 92:9, s. 3560-3567
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context: The impact of long-term GH replacement on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in hypopituitary patients is unknown. Objective: The incidence of nonfatal stroke and cardiac events, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2D) and cardioprotective medication were compared between cohorts of GH-deficient (GHD) patients and population controls. Design and Participants: The incidence of nonfatal stroke and cardiac events was estimated retrospectively from questionnaires in 750 GHD patients and 2314 matched population controls. A prevalence of T2D and cardioprotective medication was recorded at the distribution of questionnaires. Time since first pituitary deficiency to start of GH therapy was 4 and 2 yr, and time on GH therapy was 6 yr for GHD women and men, respectively. Results: Lifelong incidence of nonfatal stroke was tripled in GHD women and doubled in GHD men, but a decline was seen in both genders during periods after first pituitary hormone deficiency and GHD, during which most patients had GH therapy. The lifelong incidence of nonfatal cardiac events declined in GHD men during first pituitary hormone deficiency and GHD periods. GHD women had a higher prevalence of T2D and lipid-lowering medication, whereas GHD men had a higher prevalence of antihypertensive medication. Conclusions: The declined risks of nonfatal stroke in both genders and of nonfatal cardiac events in GHD men during periods on GH replacement may be caused by prescription of cardioprotective drugs and 6-yr GH replacement. GHD women had an increased prevalence of T2D, partly attributed to higher body mass index and lower physical activity.
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35.
  • Hägg, Daniel, 1974, et al. (författare)
  • Oxidized LDL induces a coordinated up-regulation of the glutathione and thioredoxin systems in human macrophages.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 185:2, s. 282-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using DNA microarray analysis, we found that human macrophages respond to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by activating the antioxidative glutathione and thioredoxin systems. Several genes of the glutathione and thioredoxin systems were expressed at high levels in macrophages when compared to 80 other human tissues and cell types, indicating that these systems may be of particular importance in macrophages. The up-regulation of three genes in these systems, thioredoxin (P < 0.005), thioredoxin reductase 1 (P < 0.001) and glutathione reductase (P < 0.001) was verified with real-time RT-PCR, using human macrophages from 10 healthy donors. To investigate the possible role of these antioxidative systems in the development of atherosclerosis, expression levels in macrophages from 15 subjects with atherosclerosis (12 men, 3 women) and 15 matched controls (12 men, 3 women) were analyzed using DNA microarrays. Two genes in the glutathione system Mn superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05) and catalase (P < 0.05) differed in expression between the groups. We conclude that macrophage uptake of oxidized LDL induces a coordinated up-regulation of genes of the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, suggesting that these systems may participate in the cellular defense against oxidized LDL and possibly modulate the development of atherosclerosis.
  •  
36.
  • Johnsson, Dennis, et al. (författare)
  • Analyzing the Advantages of Run-Time Reconfiguration in Radar Signal Processing
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems. - Anaheim : ACTA Press. - 0889865256 - 9780889865259 ; , s. 701-706
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Configurable architectures have emerged as one of the most powerful programmable signal processing platforms commercially available, obtaining their performance through the use of spatial parallelism. By changing the functionality of these devices during run-time, flexible mapping of signal processing applications can be made. The run-time flexibility puts requirements on the reconfiguration time that depend both on the application and on the mapping strategy. In this paper we analyze one such application, Space Time Adaptive Processing for radar signal processing, and show three different mappings and their requirements. The allowed time for run-time reconfiguration in these three cases varies from 1 ms down to 1 µs. Each has its own advantages, such as data reuse and optimization of computational kernels. Architectures with reconfiguration times in the order of 10 µs provide the flexibility needed for mapping the example in an efficient way, allowing for on-chip data reuse between the different processing stages.
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37.
  • Johnsson, Dennis, et al. (författare)
  • Two-level Reconfigurable Architecture for High-Performance Signal Processing
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: ERSA'04, The 2004 International Conference on Engineering of Reconfigurable Systems and Algorithms. - Arthens : CSREA Press. - 9781932415421 ; , s. 177-183
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • High speed signal processing is often performed as a pipeline of functions on streams or blocks of data. In order to obtain both flexibility and performance, parallel, reconfigurable array structures are suitable for such processing. The array topology can be used both on the micro and macro-levels, i.e. both when mapping a function on a fine-grained array structure and when mapping a set of functions on different nodes in a coarse-grained array. We outline an architecture on the macro-level as well as explore the use of an existing, commercial, word level reconfigurable architecture on the micro-level. We implement an FFT algorithm in order to determine how much of the available resources are needed for controlling the computations. Having no program memory and instruction sequencing available, a large fraction, 70%, of the used resources is used for controlling the computations, but this is still more efficient than having statically dedicated resources for control. Data can stream through the array at maximum I/O rate, while computing FFTs. The paper also shows how pipelining of the FFT algorithm over a two-level reconfigurable array of arrays can be done in various ways, depending on the application demands.
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38.
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39.
  • Jonsson, Bertil, et al. (författare)
  • BioRID II manikin and human seating position in relation to car head restraint
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Crashworthiness. - Abingdon : Informa UK Limited. - 1358-8265 .- 1754-2111. ; 13:5, s. 479-485
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The objective of the study was to compare stature, weight and backset (the horizontal distance (x) between the back of the occupant’s head and the front of the seam on top of the head restraint) of the Biofidelic Rear Impact Dummy (BioRID II) to the same variables on seated volunteers in a car. The following methods were used. Data were collected from 154 randomly selected Swedish individuals (78 males and 76 females). The volunteers and the BioRID II were examined in a Volvo V70 car, year model 2003, in three positions: driver (hands on steering wheel), front passenger (hands in lap) and rear passenger. The study results were as follows: the BioRID II was found to correspond approximately to a 35th-45th percentile male in stature (-2 cm), a 35th percentile male in weight (-7 kg), a 96th percentile female in stature (+11 cm) and a 69th percentile female in weight (+8 kg). The BioRID II was designed to represent a male driver. The BioRID II backset corresponded well with the average of the male drivers of its stature. Larger deviations in backset were found for other volunteer sizes and other seating positions. The average backsets were 26 mm for females and 63 mm for males in the front seat positions. The volunteers had larger backset in the driver position (60 mm) than in the front passenger position (29 mm). Smaller differences in backset were seen between the BioRID II and the volunteers in the rear passenger position. This study provides data regarding the occupant size coverage of BioRID II, and unique data regarding backset, of different occupant positions in the car; driver with hands on steering wheel, and front and rear passengers with hands in lap, for female and male in relation to the BioRID II dummy. © 2008 Taylor & Francis.
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40.
  • Jonsson, Bertil, 1956- (författare)
  • Interaction between humans and car seats : studies of occupant seat adjustment, posture, position, and real world neck injuries in rear-end impacts
  • 2008
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: The latest generation of rear-end whiplash protection systems, as found in the WHIPS Volvo and SAHR Saab, have reduced injury rates by almost 50% in comparison with the previous generation of seat/head restraint systems. Occupant behaviour, such as seated posture and seat adjustment settings, may affect the injury risk. Method: Five studies were conducted. Studie I was an injury outcome study based on insurance data. Studies II-IV investigated seat adjustment, occupant backset, and cervical retraction for drivers and occupants in different postures and positions in the car, during stationary and driving conditions. Study V compared the occupant data from studies II and III with a vehicle testing tool, the BioRID dummy, using the protocols of the ISO, RCAR, and the RCAR-IIWPG. Results: Female drivers and passengers had a threefold increased risk for medically-impairing neck injury in rear-end impacts, compared to males. Driver position had a double risk compared with front passenger seat position. Female drivers adjusted the driver seat differently to male drivers; they sat higher and closer to the steering wheel and with more upright back support. The volunteers also adjusted their seat differently to the ISO, RCAR, and RCAR-IIWPG protocol settings; both sexes sat further away from the steering wheel, and seat back angle was more upright then in the protocols. In stationary cars, backset was highest in the rear seat position and lowest in the front passenger seat position. Males had a larger backset than females. Cervical retraction decreased and backset increased for both sexes when posture changed from self-selected posture to a slouched posture. The BioRID II dummy was found to represent 96th percentile female in stature, and a 69th percentile female in weight in the volunteer group. Conclusions: Risks in car rear-end impacts differ by sex and seated position. This thesis indicates the need for a 50th percentile female BioRID dummy and re-evaluation of the ISO, RCAR, and RCAR-IIWPG protocols, and further development of new safety systems to protect occupants in rear-end impacts.
  •  
41.
  • Jonsson, Bertil, et al. (författare)
  • Seat adjustment : capacity and repeatability among occupants in a modern car
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 51:2, s. 232-241
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Families in the Western world have a car and several family members share the same car. In this study, 154 participants have adjusted a driver's seat three times. The primary objective was to study intrapersonal repeatability and intraclass correlation (ICC) on seat; length adjustment, backrest angle, seat front edge and seat rear edge adjustment, related to participant age, sex, stature and weight. Length adjustment has the best intrapersonal repeatability within two repetitions, 49 mm and ICC-value 0.87. Females and younger participants (age < 40 years) adjust seats generally more accurately. Females adjust the seat 41 mm more forward, 120 mm compared to men 79 mm counted from 0-starting position. Females sit with more upright seat backrests, 46 degree compared to 43 degrees for males counted from 0-starting position. Females sit higher than males in both the frontal and rear part of the seat cushion.
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42.
  • Jonsson, Bertil, et al. (författare)
  • Seat adjustment - capacity and repeatability among occupants in a modern car
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Ergonomics. ; , s. 1-10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Families in the Western world have a car and several family members share the same car. In this study, 154 participants have adjusted a driver's seat three times. The primary objective was to study intrapersonal repeatability and intraclass correlation (ICC) on seat; length adjustment, backrest angle, seat front edge and seat rear edge adjustment, related to participant age, sex, stature and weight. Length adjustment has the best intrapersonal repeatability within two repetitions, 49 mm and ICC-value 0.87. Females and younger participants (age
  •  
43.
  • Kindberg, Elin, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • A nonsense mutation (428G→A) in the fucosyltransferase FUT2 gene affects the progression of HIV-1 infection
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: AIDS. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0269-9370 .- 1473-5571. ; 20:5, s. 685-689
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The human FUT2 gene encodes the α(1,2)fucosyltransferase that determines secretor status. Homozygous for the nonsense mutation are called non-secretors and are unable to express histo-blood group antigens in secretions and on mucosal surfaces. In this study we have investigated the importance of the FUT2 fucosyltransferase activity on the progress of HIV-1 infection. METHODS: Swedish blood donors (n = 276), 15 long-term non-progressors (LTNP) and 19 progressors were genotyped with respect to the nonsense mutation 428G→A in the FUT2 gene. In addition 265/276 blood donors and 19 progressors with rapid or expected progression rate were Δ32 CCR5 genotyped. RESULTS: Of 276 blood donors 218 (79%) were found to be secretor positive (se+), either homozygous (se+/+) wild type (30%) or heterozygous (se+/-) (49%) and 58 (21%) were homozygous non-secretors (se-/-). Five LTNP (33%) were found to be secretor-positive (se+/+, se+/-) and 10 (67%) se-/-. Of the 19 individuals with normal HIV-1 progression 15 (79 %) were found to be secretor positive and four (21%) were non-secretors. No frequency differences were found in the Δ32 CCR5 allele among the groups studied. CONCLUSION: Strong association (P < 0.001) was observed between the nonsense mutation 428G→A in the FUT2 gene and a slow disease progression of HIV-1 infection. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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44.
  • Knutsen Rydberg, Ellen, 1969, et al. (författare)
  • Hypoxia increases LDL oxidation and expression of 15-lipoxygenase-2 in human macrophages
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. ; 24:11, s. 2040-2045
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Macrophage-mediated oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by enzymes, such as the lipoxygenases, is considered of major importance for the formation of oxidized LDL during atherogenesis. Macrophages have been identified in hypoxic areas in atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS: To investigate the role of hypoxia in macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation, we incubated human monocyte-derived macrophages with LDL under normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (0% O2) conditions. The results showed that hypoxic macrophages oxidized LDL to a significantly higher extent than normoxic cells. Interestingly, the mRNA and protein expression of 15-lipoxygenase-2 (15-LOX-2) as well as the activity of this enzyme are elevated in macrophages incubated at hypoxia. Both the unspliced 15-LOX-2 and the spliced variant 15-LOX-2sv-a are found in macrophages. In addition, 15-LOX-2 was identified in carotid plaques in some macrophage-rich areas but was only expressed at low levels in nondiseased arteries. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, these observations show for the first time that 15-LOX-2 is expressed in hypoxic macrophages and in atherosclerotic plaques and suggest that 15-LOX-2 may be one of the factors involved in macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation at hypoxia.
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45.
  • Lagerkvist, Birgitta Json, et al. (författare)
  • Pulmonary epithelial integrity in children: relationship to ambient ozone exposure and swimming pool attendance.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Environmental health perspectives. - 0091-6765. ; 112:17, s. 1768-71
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Airway irritants such as ozone are known to impair lung function and induce airway inflammation. Clara cell protein (CC16) is a small anti-inflammatory protein secreted by the nonciliated bronchiolar Clara cells. CC16 in serum has been proposed as a noninvasive and sensitive marker of lung epithelial injury. In this study, we used lung function and serum CC16 concentration to examine the pulmonary responses to ambient O3 exposure and swimming pool attendance. The measurements were made on 57 children 10-11 years of age before and after outdoor exercise for 2 hr. Individual O3 exposure was estimated as the total exposure dose between 0700 hr until the second blood sample was obtained (mean O3 concentration/m3 times symbol hours). The maximal 1-hr value was 118 microg/m3 (59 ppb), and the individual exposure dose ranged between 352 and 914 microg/m3hr. These O3 levels did not cause any significant changes in mean serum CC16 concentrations before or after outdoor exercise, nor was any decrease in lung function detected. However, children who regularly visited chlorinated indoor swimming pools had significantly lower CC16 levels in serum than did nonswimming children both before and after exercise (respectively, 57 +/- 2.4 and 53 +/- 1.7 microg/L vs. 8.2 +/- 2.8 and 8.0 +/- 2.6 microg/L; p < 0.002). These results indicate that repeated exposure to chlorination by-products in the air of indoor swimming pools has adverse effects on the Clara cell function in children. A possible relation between such damage to Clara cells and pulmonary morbidity (e.g., asthma) should be further investigated.
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46.
  • Larsson, Tony, et al. (författare)
  • T4 - Telematics for Totally Transparent Transports
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: 2005 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC). - New York : IEEE Press. - 0780392159 ; , s. 467-472
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Transports can be made safer, more secure and efficient by help of telemetry and tracking on-line in real time. T4 is a system architecture aimed to support the development of telematic services for transparent tracking and surveillance monitoring of goods transported by different means on a global scale. The main idea is to focus on the transported pallets or parcels instead of the vehicles moving them. To enable rapid response to new customer requirements and to support remote management of field equipment, software implemented services are designed, packaged, deployed and mediated using XML, Java and the OSGi software technology standards.
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47.
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48.
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49.
  • Nilsson, Björn, et al. (författare)
  • An application dependent medium access protocol for active RFID using dynamic tuning of the back-off algorithm
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID 2009). - Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE Press. - 9781424433377 ; , s. 72-79
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Active Radio Frequency Identification (A-RFID) is a technology where the tags (transponders) carry an on-board energy source for powering the radio, processor circuits, and sensors. Besides offering longer working distance between RFID reader and tag than passive RFID, this also enables the tags to do sensor measurements, calculations and storage even when no RFID-reader is in the vicinity of the tags. In this paper we introduce a medium access data communication protocol which dynamically adjusts its back-off algorithm to best suit the actual active RFID application at hand. Based on a simulation study of the effect on tag energy cost, readout delay, and message throughput incurred by some typical back-off algorithms in a CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance) A-RFID protocol, we conclude that, by dynamic tuning of the initial contention window size and back-off interval coefficient, tag energy consumption and read-out delay can be significantly lowered. We also present specific guidelines on how parameters should be selected under various application constraints (viz. maximum readout delay; and the number of tags passing).
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50.
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