| 1. |
- Arborelius, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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A new interactive computer simulation system for violence risk assessment of mentally disordered violent offenders
- 2013
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Ingår i: CBMH. Criminal behaviour and mental health. - : Wiley. - 0957-9664 .- 1471-2857. ; 23:1, s. 30-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Assessment of risk of future violence has developed from reliance on static indicators towards a more dynamic approach. In the latter context, however, the offender is seldom confronted with real life situations. Aims The aim of this study is to evaluate a computer-based system Reactions on Display, which presents human interactions based on real-life situations for its effectiveness in distinguishing between potentially violent offenders with mental disorder and a healthy comparison group. Methods Male offenders with autism spectrum disorders or psychosis were recruited from specialist forensic psychiatric units in Sweden and healthy participants from the local communities. Each consenting participant was presented with film clips of a man in neutral and violent situations, which at critical moments stopped the story to ask him to predict the thoughts, feelings and actions of the actor. Results Offender patients, irrespective of diagnosis, detected fewer emotional reactions in the actor in the non-violent sequence compared with controls. When asked to choose one of four violent actions, the offender patients chose more violent actions than did the controls. They also reported fewer physical reactions in the actors when actors were being violent. There were also some examples of incongruent or deviant responses by some individual patients. Conclusions and implications for practice The use of interactive computer simulation techniques is not only generally acceptable to offender patients, but it also helps to differentiate their current response style to particular circumstances from that of healthy controls in a way that does not rely on their verbal abilities and may tap more effectively into their emotional reactions than standard verbal questions and answer approaches. This may pave the way for Reactions on Display providing a useful complement to traditional risk assessment, and a training route with respect to learning more empathic responding, thus having a role in aiding risk management.
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| 2. |
- Armstrong, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Lysosomal Network Proteins as Potential Novel CSF Biomarkers for Alzheimers Disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neuromolecular medicine. - : Humana Press. - 1535-1084 .- 1559-1174. ; 16:1, s. 150-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The success of future intervention strategies for Alzheimers disease (AD) will likely rely on the development of treatments starting early in the disease course, before irreversible brain damage occurs. The pre-symptomatic stage of AD occurs at least one decade before the clinical onset, highlighting the need for validated biomarkers that reflect this early period. Reliable biomarkers for AD are also needed in research and clinics for diagnosis, patient stratification, clinical trials, monitoring of disease progression and the development of new treatments. Changes in the lysosomal network, i.e., the endosomal, lysosomal and autophagy systems, are among the first alterations observed in an AD brain. In this study, we performed a targeted search for lysosomal network proteins in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thirty-four proteins were investigated, and six of them, early endosomal antigen 1 (EEA1), lysosomal-associated membrane proteins 1 and 2 (LAMP-1, LAMP-2), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), Rab3 and Rab7, were significantly increased in the CSF from AD patients compared with neurological controls. These results were confirmed in a validation cohort of CSF samples, and patients with no neurochemical evidence of AD, apart from increased total-tau, were found to have EEA1 levels corresponding to the increased total-tau levels. These findings indicate that increased levels of LAMP-1, LAMP-2, LC3, Rab3 and Rab7 in the CSF might be specific for AD, and increased EEA1 levels may be a sign of general neurodegeneration. These six lysosomal network proteins are potential AD biomarkers and may be used to investigate lysosomal involvement in AD pathogenesis.
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Review of Child Car Occupant Fatalities in Sweden During Six Decades
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings: IRCOBI Conference; September 11-13; Gothenburg, Sweden. ; , s. 1-14
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of fatal outcome was reviewed based on crash data including all fatally injured 0–14 year old car occupants in Sweden during 1956–2011 and put in relation to general improvements in vehicle and road safety and implementation of restraint systems.The review revealed a substantial decrease in crash‐related fatalities among 0–14 year old car occupants during the past three decades, representing a significant drop of 83% compared to the highest scores in the 1960s–70s. During 1992–2011, a total of 194 crash‐related fatalities were registered; the majority occurred on high‐speed roads. Head injury was a primary cause of death, in a total of 54% of all cases. Two fifths of the crashes involved a single car, while three fifths involved other vehicles. In total, 24% of the children were unrestrained, and 59% of those were ejected during crashes. Among the restrained children, 56% were considered to be appropriately restrained according to Swedish recommendations. Crash severity, complex crash situation, fire and drowning were factors that contributed to the fatal outcome, even though the restraint usage was considered to be optimal.
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| 4. |
- Charlton, Judith, et al.
(författare)
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Naturalistic Observation of Children in Cars: An International Partnership
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is well known that in the rear seat of cars, small children squirm, slide, slump, sleep, play and interact with their fellow passengers. Our previous findings from a pilot study show that children rarely remain in an optimal position for the efficient functioning of their restraint systems throughout the duration of their journey. Such behaviours may not only affect restraint effectiveness but may also have a negative influence on driver performance and distraction. Moreover, quantification of children’s position and out-of-position (OOP) status (i.e., their actual position relative to the ideal position for which the technology was designed) has important implications for design of test programs using anthropomorphic test devices (ATD) intended to mimic the human occupant. For example, understanding true pre-crash positions may lead to different design specifications of rear seat restraint systems and energy management features of the vehicle interior compared with the kinds of solutions that might arise from evaluations with an in-position ATD. This paper builds on our preliminary research findings and describes the design of the first international large-scale study of children in cars which uses innovative methods to observe and quantify the positions of child occupants in cars and identify the injury effects of OOP status and its impact on driver distraction. The study will facilitate a paradigm-shifting advance in child occupant protection – from the concept of safety technology designed to protect an ideally positioned occupant to the concept of dynamic restraint systems that maintain optimal restraint over a range of expected child positions/movements in a vehicle. Outcomes of the research will directly inform the design of future restraints for children, the development of appropriate crash test procedures that account for natural positions of child occupants, and the development of community awareness messages to improve the safety of children.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Fernell, Elisabeth, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Developmental profiles in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders referred for intervention.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 31:3, s. 790-799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to characterize the panorama of developmental disorders in 208 preschool children with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), referred to a specialized centre, the Autism Centre for Young Children (ACYC), for intervention. At the centre, a research team examined all children according to structured protocols and interviews. All available test data from their assessments prior to referral were scrutinized. The boy:girl ratio was 5.5:1. In 22% of the total group a period of regression, including speech and language, had occurred. Epilepsy had been diagnosed in 6% of the children. In 38% of the children there was a definite or highly suspected learning disability/mental retardation according to cognitive test results. About the same proportion had a developmental delay that at the time of assessment could not be definitely classified and in 23% there were clear indications of a normal intellectual function. About 40% of the group exhibited hyperactivity. Differences in expressive vocabulary and adaptive functioning were strongly related to cognitive level. About 20% of the group had AD as the dominating developmental disorder, i.e., they represented a clinical picture of "classic" autism. The majority in this group also had learning disability. Another 20%, had ASD combined with a normal intellectual level, some of these conformed to the clinical picture of Asperger syndrome. In a relatively large group (more than half) learning disability or a general developmental delay was as evident as the ASD. In a smaller group (8%) ASD criteria were questionably met. In this group attention deficits in connection with speech and language problems were prominent. The highly individual developmental profiles seen in children with ASDs have to be taken into account when planning intervention and follow-up. The children's medical characteristics also vary considerably and will be detailed in a further report.
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| 7. |
- Jakobsson, Lotta, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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REAR SEAT SAFETY IN FRONTAL TO SIDE IMPACTS – FOCUSING ON OCCUPANTS FROM 3YRS TO SMALL ADULTS
- 2011
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Ingår i: The 22nd ESV Conference Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACTThis study presents a broad comprehensiveresearch effort that combines expertise fromindustry and academia and uses variousmethodologies with applied research directedtowards countermeasures. The project includesreal world crash data analysis, real world drivingstudies and crash testing and simulations,aiming at enhancing the safety of forward facingchild occupants (aged 3y to small adults) in therear seat during frontal to side impacts.The real world crash data analyses of properlyrestrained children originate from European aswell as US data. Frontal and side impact crashtests are analyzed using different sizes of crashtest dummies in different sitting postures. Sideimpact parameter studies using FE-models arerun. The sitting posture and behavior of 12children are monitored while riding in the rearseat. Also, the body kinematics and belt positionduring actual braking and turning maneuvers arestudied for 16 rear seat child occupants and forvarious child dummies.Real world crash data indicates that several ofthe injured children in frontal impacts, despitebeing properly restrained, impacted the vehicleinterior structure with their head/face resulting inserious injury. This was attributed to obliquecrashes, pre-crash vehicle maneuvers or highcrash severity. Crash tests confirm theimportance of proper initial belt-fit for bestprotection. The crash tests also highlight thedifficulty in obtaining the real world kinematicsand head impact locations using existing crashtest dummies and test procedures. The sideimpact parameter studies indicate that thevehicle’s occupant protection systems, such asairbags and seat belt pretensioners, play animportant role in protecting children as well.The results from the on-road driving studiesillustrate the variation of sitting postures duringriding in the rear seat giving valuable input to theeffects of the restraint systems and to howrepresentative the standardized dummy seatingpositioning procedures are. The results from themaneuver driving studies illustrate theimportance of understanding the kinematics of achild relative to the seat belt in a real worldmaneuver situation.Real world safety of rear seat occupants,especially children, involves evaluation ofprotection beyond standard crash testingscenarios in frontal and side impact conditions.This project explores the complete context ofrear seat protection in impact situations rangingfrom front to side and directions in betweenhighlighting the importance of pre-crash postureand behavior.This research project at SAFER (Vehicle andTraffic Safety Centre at Chalmers), whereresearchers from the industry and universitiescooperate with the aim to further improve safetyfor children (from 3y) to small adults in the rearseat, speeds up the process to safetyimplementation due to the interaction betweenacademic and industrial researchers.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Schmitt, Kai Uwe, et al.
(författare)
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Seat testing to investigate the female neck injury risk : preliminary results using a new female dummy prototype
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings: IRCOBI Conference; September 12–14; Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. - : International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury. ; , s. 263-263
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamic performance tests are conducted to assess the neck injury risk. To date seats are assessed based on sled tests mostly using a BioRID which is based on the 50%ile male anthropometry. Since females sustain whiplash associated disorders (WAD) more often than males, their injury risk needs to be addressed as well.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Svensson, Hanna
(författare)
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Bostadsanpassningsbidraget i Sveriges kommuner : kostnadsvariation och handläggningsprocess
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En funktionsnedsättning beskrivs som nedsättning av fysisk, psykisk eller intellektuell funktionsförmåga. Ett funktionshinder är den begränsning som en funktionsnedsättning innebär för en person i relation till omgivningen. I Sverige är målet att möjliggöra för människor att leva så självständigt som möjligt i sitt eget hem. Lag (1992:1574) om bostadsanpassningsbidrag m. m., har utvecklats med det syftet. Kostnaden för bostadsanpassningsbidrag varierar kraftigt mellan Sveriges kommuner.Syftet med den här avhandlingen var att undersöka om dessa kostnadsvariationer kunde härledas till statistiskt mätbara kommunala bakgrundsfaktorer eller om de kunde relateras till arbetsprocessen i kommunen. Syftet var också att undersöka hur de som genom sitt arbete är berörda av bostadsanpassning tycker att handläggningsprocessen fungerar i praktiken.Studien delades in i tre delstudier. Första delstudien undersökte om kostnadsvariationerna för bostadsanpassningsbidraget kunde härledas till statistiskt mätbara kommunala variabler. Delstudie två genomfördes med en kvalitativ inriktning. Här valdes att studera hur personer, som på olika sätt är involverade i eller påverkas av processen kring bostadsanpassning, resonerar och arbetar. I delstudie tre var inriktningen att, utifrån tidigare delstudier, identifiera områden i bostadsanpassningsprocessen där det fanns utrymme för förbättringar. Delstudie tre utformades som en postenkät som skickades till närmare hundra bostadsföretag och ungefär lika många handläggare av bostadsanpassningsbidrag.I enlighet med tidigare studier var det svårt att finna några statistiskt mätbara kommunala bakgrundsvariabler som förklarade större delen av variationerna i kostnad för bostadsanpassning. Dock visade sig tre av variablerna ha ett statistiskt signifikant samband som till viss del förklarade skillnaderna. Dessa var andelen äldre, över 80 år, i befolkningen, kommunens resultat och prisutvecklingen på småhus i regionen under de senaste 20 åren. Långvarigt vänsterstyre ser enligt resultaten i denna studie ut att ha ett visst samband med högre kostnader för bostadsanpassning. Kommuner i norra Sverige hade med betydligt större sannolikhet höga kostnader för bostadsanpassning än låga. Ur resultatet i studien kan man utläsa att ”mjukare” faktorer som kommunkultur, människosyn och politiska ställningstaganden troligen är betydande i sammanhanget. Majoriteten av handläggarna som deltog i intervjustudien ansåg att handläggningsprocessen kring bostadsanpassning var för tidskrävande och att för tungt ansvar lades på den sökande. Handläggarna i kommunerna förenklade processen för att möta dessa två omständigheter. Det finns omfattande bristerna i dokumentationen kring ärendena.Fastighetsägarna uppger att den anpassning som de oftast nekar är åtgärder i badrum. Den huvudsakliga anledningen till att man nekar är risken för följdskador och att det är dyrt att återställa bostaden när den boende inte längre är i behov av anpassningen. Ett sätt att förbättra samarbetet mellan fastighetsägare och handläggare i kommuner där anpassningar ofta nekas, kan bland annat vara att ge fastighetsägarna bättre insyn i anpassningsprocessen och bättre kontroll över de åtgärder som genomförs i deras bestånd.
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| 15. |
- Svensson, Lotta, 1959-
(författare)
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Alla flickor vill ju flytta ...eller?
- 2010
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Ingår i: En bok om flickor och flickforskning. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. ; , s. 109-130
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Svensson, Lotta, 1959-
(författare)
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Nu styr vi upp stan
- 2014
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Ingår i: När verkligheten inte stämmer med kartan.. - Falun : Nordic Academic Press. - 9789187675102
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Svensson, Lotta, 1959-
(författare)
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Ungdomar, kulturarv och samhällsutveckling
- 2010
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Ingår i: Astrid Lindgrens världar i Vimmerby. - Lund : Nordic Academic Press. - 9789185509416 ; , s. 185-203
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 24. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- van der Pals, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in children with celiac disease compared to healthy 12-year olds.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Autoimmune Diseases. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-0422 .- 2090-0430. ; 2014, s. 417356-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. Studies have suggested a correlation between untreated celiac disease and risk for other autoimmune diseases. We investigated the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in 12-year-old children (i) with symptomatic celiac disease diagnosed and treated with a gluten-free diet, (ii) with screening-detected untreated celiac disease, and (iii) without celiac disease. Methods. Blood samples from 12632 children were collected. All celiac disease cases, previously diagnosed and newly screening-detected, were identified. Per case, 4 referents were matched. Blood samples were analyzed for autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb). The cut-off value for TPO positivity was set to 100 U/mL. Results. Altogether, 335 celiac disease cases were found. In the entire celiac disease group, 7.2% (24/335) had elevated titers of TPOAb compared to 2.8% (48/1695) of the referents. Among the previously diagnosed celiac disease cases, 7.5% (7/93, OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2-6.4) was TPOAb positive and among screening-detected cases, 7.0% (17/242, OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5-4.6) was TPOAb positive. Conclusion. Children with celiac disease showed a higher prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity. We could not confirm the hypothesis that untreated celiac disease is associated with increased risk of developing thyroid autoimmunity. Early initiation of celiac disease treatment might not lower the risk for other autoimmune diseases.
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| 30. |
- Waara, Peter, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Ungas organisering över tid : unga för sig själva eller tillsammans med vuxna?
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ungas organisering över tid sätter sökarljus på ungas delaktighet i samhället. Mot en bakgrund av att ungas intresse för att organisera sig tycks minska förs en diskussion om långsiktigheten i dagens demokratiska system. Studien sätter fokus på ungas villkor i det nutida civila samhället i relation till villkoren i det traditionella folkrörelsebaserade och reser frågan på vilket sätt som unga ges förutsättningar att lära sig axla uppdraget att sköta ett samhälle. Rörelsen från kollektivism till individualism diskuteras med särskilt fokus på individens vuxenblivande och lärande samt samhällsutvecklingen som helhet.
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| 31. |
- Wallin, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Reinforced Traditional Management is Needed to Save a Declining Meadow Species : A Demographic Analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Folia Geobotanica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1211-9520 .- 1874-9348. ; 47:3, s. 231-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The changes in agricultural practices during the last century have led to a drastic decrease in the number of traditionally managed hay meadows. Also, traditional management practices are often applied more cursorily in the remaining meadows. In combination with an increase in aerial anthropogenic nitrogen deposition, this has led to a loss of biodiversity. To investigate whether the current management is sufficient for maintaining viable populations of a typical meadow plant, Succisa pratensis, we experimentally reinforced the raking and mowing parts of the traditional management over four years in a two-by-two factorial experiment in three traditionally managed wooded hay meadows on the Baltic island of Gotland, Sweden. We found decreased litter and hay production in two of the three studied meadows as a result of our treatments. Plant sizes and asymptotic population growth rates (lambda) of S. pratensis increased, particularly in plots receiving the combined raking and mowing treatment. Stochastic long-term population growth rates (lambda (s) ) increased under the reinforced management: projected population sizes 50 years into the future showed a three-fold increase in raked plots and a 17-fold increase in plots that were both raked and mown. Because we found positive responses even in these seemingly well-managed meadows we conclude that it is essential that management is carried out more thoroughly to ensure viable population sizes. Our conclusion applies to most semi-natural grasslands receiving anthropogenic nitrogen, or where traditional management practices are less rigorously applied. We also suggest using biomass estimation instead of vegetation height as a measure of management strength.
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