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| 3. |
- Hede, Sanna-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Oncoprotein stabilization in brain tumors
- 2014
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Ingår i: Oncogene. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0950-9232 .- 1476-5594. ; 33:39, s. 4709-4721
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteins involved in promoting cell proliferation and viability need to be timely expressed and carefully controlled for the proper development of the brain but also efficiently degraded in order to prevent cells from becoming brain cancer cells. A major pathway for targeted protein degradation in cells is the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Oncoproteins that drive tumor development and tumor maintenance are often deregulated and stabilized in malignant cells. This can occur when oncoproteins escape degradation by the UPS because of mutations in either the oncoprotein itself or in the UPS components responsible for recognition and ubiquitylation of the oncoprotein. As the pathogenic accumulation of an oncoprotein can lead to effectively sustained cell growth, viability and tumor progression, it is an indisputable target for cancer treatment. The most common types of malignant brain tumors in children and adults are medulloblastoma and glioma, respectively. Here, we review different ways of how deregulated proteolysis of oncoproteins involved in major signaling cancer pathways contributes to medulloblastoma and glioma development. We also describe means of targeting relevant oncoproteins in brain tumors with treatments affecting their stability or therapeutic strategies directed against the UPS itself.
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| 4. |
- Jönsson, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Reflections on Science–Stakeholder Interactions in Climate Change Adaptation Research within Swedish Forestry
- 2014
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Ingår i: Society & Natural Resources. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0894-1920 .- 1521-0723. ; 27:11, s. 1130-1144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stakeholder engagement has become increasingly important in research programs focusing on climate change impact on ecosystem services. Communication between researchers and stakeholders, however, is often impaired by linguistic barriers, different priorities, and time constraints. This article examines the organizational aspects of science–stakeholder interactions, focusing on examples from the Swedish forestry sector. The study highlights the need articulated by the Swedish forestry sector for access to scientific knowledge, and we discuss how to present research findings in formats suitable to serve as decision support. Clear communication about common goals, expectations, resources, and time frames is needed in order to reduce the risk of stakeholder fatigue.
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| 5. |
- Kløcker Larsen, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for facilitating dialogue between policy planners and local climate change adaptation professionals : Cases from Sweden, Canada and Indonesia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-9011 .- 1873-6416. ; 23, s. 12-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dominant approach to mainstreaming climate adaptation into sectoral policies relies on an ‘upscaling’ model in which it is envisaged to extract lessons from local change processes to inspire generic sub-national and national policies. One of the central methodological questions, which remain unanswered in climate change adaptation research, is exactly how public policy can learn from highly contextual experiences of community-based adaptation and what role should be played by case study research. In this paper we undertake a comparison between three large research projects in Sweden, Canada and Indonesia, which aim to study and/or foster local adaptation in selected case studies through a process of social learning. We present a novel framework based on mapping of ‘sense-making perspectives’, which enables analysis of the multiple ways case study research can support local climate adaptation and link such efforts to higher level public policy. The analysis demonstrates how methodological choices shape how case study research works at the interface between planned (steered/regulatory policy) and self-organised adaptation of stakeholders (non-coercive policy). In this regard, there is a need for a high degree of transparency from the research community to enable local professionals to decide on their stakes and interests when inviting researchers into their grounded activities. We conclude that case study research can achieve new significance if viewed as a platform to leverage stakeholder competencies when informing existing social structures and enable the implementation of political objectives, but equally driving the very reinvention and improvement of these institutions.
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| 9. |
- Rystedt, Alma, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Botulinum Toxin Concentration on Reduction in Sweating : a randomized, double-blind study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 93:6, s. 674-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dose-response studies of botulinum toxin for reduction of sweating are sparse in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the most appropriate concentrations of Botox (R), Dysport (R), Xeomin (R) and NeuroBloc (R), respectively, in order to achieve the greatest reduction in sweating, thus reducing the costs and increasing the safety of treatment. Four concentrations of each product were investigated. Intradermal injections of all products and concentrations were applied to the backs of 20 consenting subjects, in a randomized, double-blind manner. Areas of anhidrotic and hypohidrotic skin were measured with an iodine-starch test after 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Optimal concentrations were found to be 25 U/ml for Botox and Xeomin, approximately 100 U/ml for Dysport, and 50 U/ml for NeuroBloc. When comparing the mean anhidrotic area per unit for 100 U/ml of each product, the calculated dose conversion ratios were 1:1.6:1.2:1.3 (Botox:Dysport:Xeomin:NeuroBloc). If, instead, the optimal concentration for each product was compared, the dose conversion ratios were 1:4.8:1.3:2.2. Thus, it is crucial to consider botulinum toxin concentration in a treatment regimen.
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| 10. |
- Swartling, Fredrik J., 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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What underlies the diversity of brain tumors?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cancer Metastasis Review. - : Springer. - 0167-7659 .- 1573-7233. ; 32:1-2 (SI), s. 5-24
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glioma and medulloblastoma represent the most commonly occurring malignant brain tumors in adults and in children, respectively. Recent genomic and transcriptional approaches present a complex group of diseases and delineate a number of molecular subgroups within tumors that share a common histopathology. Differences in cells of origin, regional niches, developmental timing, and genetic events all contribute to this heterogeneity. In an attempt to recapitulate the diversity of brain tumors, an increasing array of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) has been developed. These models often utilize promoters and genetic drivers from normal brain development and can provide insight into specific cells from which these tumors originate. GEMMs show promise in both developmental biology and developmental therapeutics. This review describes numerous murine brain tumor models in the context of normal brain development and the potential for these animals to impact brain tumor research.
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| 11. |
- Swartling, Maria, 1983-
(författare)
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A Study of the Heat Flow in the Blast Furnace Hearth Lining
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present thesis was to study the heat flows in the blast furnace hearth lining by experimental measurements and numerical modeling. Thermocouple data from an operating furnace have been used throughout the work, to verify results and to develop methodologies to use the results in further studies. The hearth lining were divided into two zones based on the thermocouple readings: a region with regular temperature variations due to the tapping of the furnace, and another region with slow temperature variations. In an experimental study, the temperatures of the outer surfaces of the wall and bottom were measured and compared with lining temperature measured by thermocouples. Expressions to describe the outer surface temperature profiles were derived and used as input in a two-dimensional steady state heat transfer model. The aim of the study was to predict the lining temperature profiles in the region subjected to slow temperature variations. The methodology to calculate a steady state lining temperature profile was used as input to a three-dimensional model. The aim of the three-dimensional model was primarily to study the region with dynamic lining temperature variations caused by regular tappings. The study revealed that the replacement of original lining with tap clay has an effect when simulating the quasi-stationary temperature variations in the lining. The study initiated a more detailed study of the taphole region and the size and shape of the tap clay layer profile. It was concluded, that in order to make a more accurate heat transfer model of the blast furnace hearth, the presence of a skull build-up below the taphole, erosion above the taphole and the bath level variations must to be taken into consideration.
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| 12. |
- Swartling, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Experimentally determined temperatures in blast furnace hearth
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ironmaking & steelmaking. - 0301-9233 .- 1743-2812. ; 37:1, s. 21-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study temperature measurements have been carried out at blast furnace no. 2 at SSAB Oxelosund. The temperature was measured in the hearth lining and at the outer surfaces of the hearth wall and bottom. The lining temperature was measured using permanently installed thermocouples and surface temperatures were measured using a hand held thermocouple. The aims of the study were to find a correlation between lining and surface temperatures as well as to find a method to determine the surface temperature based on readings from lining thermocouples. The overall conclusion is that the bottom and wall surface temperatures can be determined based on lining temperatures.
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| 13. |
- Swartling, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Heat Transfer Modelling of a Blast Furnace Hearth
- 2010
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Ingår i: STEEL RES INT. - : Wiley. - 1611-3683. ; 81:3, s. 186-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the development of a heat transfer model with the purpose of studying the heat flows in the hearth of an operating blast furnace. Temperature profiles were calculated for a period of time to study the transition from steady blast furnace operation to an unsteady period, and back to a steady period. This total time period had the highest lining temperatures registered since the beginning of the current campaign. It was concluded that no part of the lining had an inner temperature higher than the critical temperature of 1150 degrees C. Thus, no refractory could have been in direct contact with slag or iron. The corner between the wall and the bottom was identified to be the most sensitive part of the lining. It is suggested that thermocouples are installed in this area, to improve the temperature control.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Swartling, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Interpretation of Tap Induced Cyclic Temperatures in the Blast Furnace Lining
- 2012
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Ingår i: Steel Research International. - : Wiley. - 1611-3683 .- 1869-344X. ; 83:7, s. 695-704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermal behavior of the blast furnace hearth was studied using modeling. The focus was the effect of the size and shape of the taphole clay layer around the taphole. Four different cases have been calculated: one reference case and three cases with different taphole clay layer geometries. It was found that the calculated peak-to-peak amplitudes of the lining temperatures during the tap cycles at the location of a thermocouple can be approximated as a linear function of the taphole clay layer thicknesses for all calculated cases. Modeling was also done where both the 90th and the 10th percentile of the observed peak-to-peak values of the studied tap cycles were included to describe the behavior of the operating furnace. The taphole region can be divided into three categories based on how well the model can describe the measured process data: below, at, and above taphole level. Below the taphole level, the measured lining temperature variations are smaller than for the calculated results. At the taphole level, the model can describe the behavior well. Above the taphole level the measured lining temperature variations are larger than for the calculated results. It was concluded that in order to make a more accurate heat transfer model of the taphole region, the presence of a skull build-up below the taphole, erosion above the taphole, and the bath level variations need to be taken into account.
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| 16. |
- Swartling, Maria
(författare)
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Klinisk praktik på sjukhus - Effektiv handledning av blivande kliniska farmaceuter
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Klinisk praktik på sjukhus - Effektiv handledning av blivande kliniska farmaceuter Inledning:Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap ger två kurser i ämnet klinisk farmaci innefattande verksamhetsförlagd utbildning (VFU). Under VFU behövs handledning av professionellt verksamma personer. Eftersom det finns ett begränsat antal tillgängliga handledare, en begränsad budget och ett behov av kvalitativ undervisning av studenterna behöver det utvecklas metoder för att göra handledningen ekonomiskt hållbar, effektiv och högkvalitativ. En av kurserna kräver handledning i större grupp, den andra baseras på individuell handledning.Syfte:Projektet hade tre delmål; att öka kompetensen för lärare på institutionen i handledning av studenter, att utveckla kostnadseffektiva och högkvalitativa modeller för pedagogisk klinisk handledning samt att under en projektfas prova och utvärdera modellerna.Metod:Under vårterminen 2010 deltog en av kursernas huvudlärare i en handledningskurs vid avdelningen för universitetspedagogisk utveckling. Intervjuer genomfördes också med representanter för andra svenska vårdutbildningar samt utländska farmaceutiska utbildningar för att lära mer om deras handledningsmodeller. En aktivitetsplan utarbetades för handledningen på de två kurserna och under höstterminen 2010 testades och utvärderades denna.Resultat och diskussion:Handledning i grupp utformades via ett diskussionsforum på studentportalen. På forumet fick studenterna möjlighet att diskutera situationer de stött på under sin VFU med en yrkesverksam klinisk farmaceut. Genom att använda studentportalen kunde alla studenter delta i diskussionerna. För ytterligare reflektion kring arbetsuppgifter och yrkesroll förde studenterna en reflektiv dagbok fortlöpande under VFU. Denna används sedan som diskussionsunderlag vid ett seminarium.Även peer-learning infördes på kursen genom att peer-grupper bildades och uppmuntrades att träffas regelbundet under VFUn. De gav även varandra återkoppling på inlämningsuppgifter. Studenterna var generellt positiva till såväl handledning via diskussionsforum, reflektiv praktik samt peer-learning. Aktivitetsgraden på forumet har dock varierat. Studenterna uttryckte att de lär sig mycket av att återkoppla på varandras inlämningsuppgifter och lärarna noterade att kvaliteten på inlämningsuppgifterna har höjts. Det har varit en utmaning att effektivisera handledningen och höja kvaliteten på kursen med individuell klinisk handledning. Kursledningen tog över handledningen av inlämningsuppgifter för att säkerställa en jämn nivå på handledningen samt frigöra mer tid för klinisk handledning. Även på denna kurs infördes peer-learning på samma sätt. En handledarutbildning med fokus på teorier och metoder för handledning utarbetades och genomfördes första gången under projektfasen. För att ytterligare säkerställa kvaliteten utarbetades ett dokument med kvalitetskriterier för den kliniska handledaren. För att förbättra feedback från handledare till student under VFU utarbetades bedömningskriterier av studentens förmågor. Detta användes som diskussionsunderlag mellan studenten och den kliniska handledaren vid en nyinrättad halvtidskontroll och slutbedömning. Kursvärderingar visar att handledarutbildningen har fallit väldigt väl ut, handledarna som deltog är mycket positiva och studenternas uppfattning är att handledarna i större utsträckning nu än tidigare fokuserar på färdigheter och arbetssätt. Peer-learning som metod fungerade bra för de studenter som gjorde sin VFU i närheten av varandra och kunde träffas och mindre bra för övriga. Projektet har resulterat i en kvalitetshöjning på båda kurserna, en kostnadsminskning för individuell handledning samt en minskad arbetsbörda för de kliniska handledarna. Det gedigna bakgrundsarbetet med intervjuer var avgörande för utvecklandet av kurserna och det goda resultat.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Swartling, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Short term impact of guidelines on vancomycin dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2210-7703 .- 2210-7711. ; 34:2, s. 282-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: After medical center implementation of 2009 ASHP/IDSA guidelines, we evaluated the appropriateness of vancomycin dosing and TDM. Objective: Our primary objectives were to assess short term effects on (1) appropriateness of initial vancomycin dosing, (2) appropriateness of sampling of plasma levels, before and after implementation of guidelines. Method: The study was conducted in two phases, pre-guideline and post-guideline implementation. The interventions included (1) Nurses and phlebotomist education regarding the appropriate timing of vancomycin sampling, (2) A nomogram for appropriate initial dosing that was distributed to medical staff. Patient demographics, dosing and timing of sampling were collected in eligible patients and assessed for appropriateness. Results: The appropriateness of the prescribed dose increased from 51% (128/253) of patients during the pre period to 78% (155/200) (p < 0.0001) during the post period. Similarly, overall appropriateness of sampling of vancomycin troughs at steady state improved from 36% (63/173) pre to 55% (106/191) (p < 0.03) post. Specifically, the appropriate timing of troughs (within 30 min of the next dose) increased from 37% (64/173) during the pre period to 78% (149/191) during the post period (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Adoption of the guidelines with associated training resulted in significant short term improvement in vancomycin dosing and TDM.
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| 19. |
- Swartling, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term Lining Temperature Changes during Tapping in a Blast Furnace
- 2010
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Ingår i: Steel Research International. - : Wiley. - 1611-3683. ; 81:9, s. 724-734
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The following paper presents a three-dimensional heat transfer model of the blast furnace hearth. The model has been developed with the objective of studying the short term changes in lining temperature during regular tappings. It is based on the actual conditions of Blast Furnace No. 2 at SSAB Oxelosund in Sweden. The model was evaluated and analysed using thermocouple data from the operating furnace. The study showed that a layer of tap clay around the tap hole had a significant effect on the heat transfer by reducing the heat variations in the lining. More specifically, a layer of 10-15 cm gave the best correlation between calculated and thermocouple data. A simulation was performed where the melt temperature and the tap cycle duration was based on process data from the operating furnace. Moreover, the size of the area subjected to changes due to the regular tappings was defined. It was found to be the region within an angle of 13 degrees from the tap hole, 0.9 m above and 0.8 m below the tap hole.
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