| 1. |
- Briggs, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Sapotaceae Juss. (Ericales)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Trees of New Guinea. - Kew : Royal Botanic Gardens. ; , s. 456-467
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Havran, J. Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomic Reevaluation of Endemic Hawaiian Planchonella (Sapotaceae)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Systematic Botany. - 0363-6445 .- 1548-2324. ; 46, s. 875-888
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Planchonella (Sapotaceae) in Hawaii has a complicated taxonomic history that has resulted in considerable confusion among bota- nists and conservation practitioners. Up to seven different species and several varieties have been described in Hawaii, with the most recent taxonomic evaluation recognizing one species, P. sandwicensis. We have conducted a phylogenetic study of Hawaiian Planchonella using molec- ular (ETS, ITS, and RPB2) and morphological data to infer whether one or several species can be distinguished. In line with earlier research based on molecular data, we find that Planchonella in Hawaii is comprised of two well-supported clades distinguished by fruit color: yellow or purple. The purple-fruited clade contains individuals with flat leaf blades, long pedicels, and greenish corollas, a species corresponding to P. sandwicensis, distributed on all Hawaiian Islands except the island of Hawaii. The yellow-fruited clade possesses leaves that are frequently longitudinally rolled, wavy or distally deflexed, short pedicels, and yellow or cream (rarely greenish) corollas, a species corresponding to P. spathulata that is distributed on all Hawaiian Islands but is believed rare in Kauai. Both species can set fruit with aborted ovules, resulting in small fruits that look dissimilar to well-developed fruit. The species can occur in sympatry, where P. sandwicensis seems to be better adapted to slightly wetter forests and higher altitudes, whereas P. spathulata usually occurs at lower elevations in mesic to dry forests. Both species exhibit large morphological variation and overlap, resulting in many previous collections with inadequate label information, which has impeded correct taxonomic determinations. We refrain from recognizing infraspecific taxa because there is no morphological coherence, no molecular support, and it is unhelpful for species conservation. Five lectotypes are here designated. Both species are assessed for conservation status according to IUCN guidelines and are tentatively proposed as species of Least Concern.
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| 3. |
- Johnsson, Pav, et al.
(författare)
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En botanisk skvader
- 2023
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. - 0039-646X. ; 117:1, s. 34-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 4. |
- O'Keefe, James H., et al.
(författare)
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Omega-3 Blood Levels and Stroke Risk : A Pooled and Harmonized Analysis of 183 291 Participants From 29 Prospective Studies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Stroke. - : American Heart Association. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 55:1, s. 50-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:The effect of marine omega-3 PUFAs on risk of stroke remains unclear.METHODS:We investigated the associations between circulating and tissue omega-3 PUFA levels and incident stroke (total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic) in 29 international prospective cohorts. Each site conducted a de novo individual-level analysis using a prespecified analytical protocol with defined exposures, covariates, analytical methods, and outcomes; the harmonized data from the studies were then centrally pooled. Multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs across omega-3 PUFA quintiles were computed for each stroke outcome.RESULTS:Among 183 291 study participants, there were 10 561 total strokes, 8220 ischemic strokes, and 1142 hemorrhagic strokes recorded over a median of 14.3 years follow-up. For eicosapentaenoic acid, comparing quintile 5 (Q5, highest) with quintile 1 (Q1, lowest), total stroke incidence was 17% lower (HR, 0.83 [CI, 0.76–0.91]; P<0.0001), and ischemic stroke was 18% lower (HR, 0.82 [CI, 0.74–0.91]; P<0.0001). For docosahexaenoic acid, comparing Q5 with Q1, there was a 12% lower incidence of total stroke (HR, 0.88 [CI, 0.81–0.96]; P=0.0001) and a 14% lower incidence of ischemic stroke (HR, 0.86 [CI, 0.78–0.95]; P=0.0001). Neither eicosapentaenoic acid nor docosahexaenoic acid was associated with a risk for hemorrhagic stroke. These associations were not modified by either baseline history of AF or prevalent CVD.CONCLUSIONS:Higher omega-3 PUFA levels are associated with lower risks of total and ischemic stroke but have no association with hemorrhagic stroke.
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| 5. |
- Swenson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic position and reinstatement of Gayella (Sapotaceae), a monotypic genus endemic to Chile with an Eocene origin in continental Australia
- 2023
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 72:2, s. 360-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PouteriasplendensistheonlynativespeciesofSapotaceaeinChile,aspeciesonceplacedinthemonotypicgenusGayella and known as G. valparadisaea, but for a long time treated as a Pouteria. In a phylogenetic analysis, this species was placed in an Australasian clade, not with its presumed relatives in South America. We used Bayesian inference under a relaxed molecular clock in BEAST, nuclear ribosomal DNA (ETS, ITS), the nuclear gene RPB2, indel information, and 201 terminals to find the closest rel- ative of P. splendens and to estimate the age of the disjunction between Australasia and South America. The taxon has an isolated phylogenetic position, being part of the cladeʼs backbone, and is placed with weak support as sister to Van-royena, another monotypic genus, but endemic to Australia. Our results justify reinstatement of Gayella with its single species G. valparadisaea. Gayella has a unique combination of morphological features including alternate, opposite or 3-whorled leaves, often on the same plant, a usually 6-lobed, rotate corolla with revolute corolla lobes giving the flower a star-like appearance, lacerate to dentate staminodes, and yellow-orange-red fruit with plano-convex cotyledons and an exserted radicle below the cotyledon commissure. The split between Gayella and Van-royena is estimated to the late Eocene at about 40.0 Ma (50.5–25.3 Ma). The hypothesis that the presence of Gayella in South America is a result of vicariance is consistent with the timing of the geological splits of southern Gondwana, as well as with evidence from fossil pollen, but long-distance dispersal is an alternative explanation that cannot be excluded. Gayella is restricted to an area with a Mediterranean-type climate in coastal central Chile, where it occurs in rocky places, ravines, and gullies, usually below 100 m altitude within reach of sea mist. Gayella valparadisaea is a rare plant, listed as Endangered (EN) in Chile, but it does not occur in any protected area. Considering the isolated phylogenetic position of this old lineage, we urge the Chilean authorities to increase the efforts towards protection of this species.
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| 6. |
- Swenson, Ulf, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Reassessment of generic boundaries in Neotropical Chrysophylloideae (Sapotaceae) : Eleven reinstated genera and narrowed circumscriptions of Chrysophyllum and Pouteria
- 2023
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 72:2, s. 307-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Classifications of the pantropical plant family Sapotaceae based solely on morphology have historically recognized between 125 and 53 genera. Phylogenetic analyses using molecular data have repeatedly demonstrated that broad concepts of two large genera belonging to subfamily Chrysophylloideae, Chrysophyllum and Pouteria, are untenable and their narrowed delimitations have restricted them to the Neotropics. A recent phylogenetic study proposed further amendments by resurrecting the genera Achrouteria, Cornuella, Lucuma, Martiusella, Nemaluma, Prieurella and Ragala, and questioned the status of three generally accepted genera, Chromolucuma, Pradosia and Sarcaulus. We test this suggested classification using expanded sampling that comprises 122 terminals, including material of 29 of the 34 name-bringing species for generic names historically regarded as synonyms of Chrysophyllum and Pouteria. We used sequence data from ribosomal nrDNA (ETS, ITS), the nuclear gene RPB2, two cpDNA spacers (petN-psbM, trnH-psbA), and indel information to estimate phylogenetic relationships in a Bayesian framework using BEAST. All sequences were newly realigned to test reproducibility, and 26 morphological characters were mapped on the resulting tree. Our analyses recovered three African genera embedded within a large Neotropical clade of Chrysophylloideae. We found strong support for the reinstatement of the seven genera listed above as well as for four other genera, viz. Chloroluma, Englerella, Labatia, and Peteniodendron. This subsequently leads to further amendments of Chrysophyllum and Pouteria, which are now limited to include 25-30 and 7 species, respectively. However, one clade that includes many name-bringing lineages largely corresponds to Pouteria s.l., a group that needs further phylogenetic research to unravel relationships and generic limits. The hypothesis that Chrysophyllum cuneifolium had an inter-continental hybrid origin involving genomes from Africa and South America is rejected because it is shown to have been based on erroneous results obtained from a contaminated DNA aliquot. A total of 73 genera are currently recognised in Sapotaceae, 21 of which are Neotropical members of Chrysophylloideae. We update the nomenclature and synonymy of 75 species, make 36 new combinations, and designate lectotypes for 31 names.
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| 7. |
- Swenson, Ulf, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Resolving the relationships of the enigmatic genera Beauvisagea and Boerlagella, and the position of Planchonella suboppositifolia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 69, s. 998-1015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ThepantropicalplantfamilySapotaceaecurrentlyincludes65–70genera.Twogenera,BeauvisageaandBoerlagella,were described in 1890s using incomplete material from West New Guinea (Bird’s Head Peninsula) and Sumatra, neither of which has been collected since. Their systematic position has long been regarded doubtful and Boerlagella was once placed in its own family, Boer- lagellaceae. We show here how useful and important it can be to obtain small leaf fragments from type specimens that are up to 150 years old for molecular analysis aiming to determine their phylogenetic position and clarify their taxonomic status. We used nuclear ribosomal DNA (ETS, ITS) and the nuclear gene RPB2 from 170 terminals to estimate phylogenetic relationships in a Bayes- ian framework using BEAST. The old type material yielded full length sequences of ETS and ITS from both genera (less successful with RPB2), revealing that both are firmly placed in Planchonella. Boerlagella is placed in synonymy with Planchonella and its type is accepted as Planchonella spectabilis, a species from Sumatra that possibly has gone extinct due to deforestation. Beauvisagea from the Bird’s Head Peninsula of western New Guinea is likewise regarded as a synonym of Planchonella and its type, accepted as P. pomi- fera, is conspecific with Pouteria doonsaf (currently circumscribed to include material of at least two different species), not Plancho- nella maclayana as earlier believed. Our study also included Planchonella suboppositifolia, an odd species with a character combination in conflict with the current definition of the genus. Our results show that it is sister to a lineage comprising several gen- era, including Planchonella, and that it represents a distinct lineage constituting a monotypic genus that will be described in a sub- sequent paper. The most recent classification of subfamily Chrysophylloideae and the character combinations used to distinguish its constituent genera are supported, and our results confirm that taxa can reliably be assigned to a genus based on morphology alone.
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| 8. |
- Swenson, Ulf, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Sahulia, a new endemic genus and a generic key to Sapotaceae in New Guinea
- 2020
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Ingår i: Kew bulletin. - 0075-5974 .- 1874-933X. ; 75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sahulia suboppositifolia (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae) is described and illustrated as a new monotypic genus from New Guinea. The species is so far only known from four collections made in lowland tropical rainforest near Lake Murray in the west and Koitaki east of Port Moresby. As a member of Sapotaceae with white latex, entire leaves, and flowers in fascicles, it is readily distinguished by the combination of opposite leaves, non-areolate venation, and almost 10 mm long green flowers with a bristle-like corolla margin consisting of short, rather thick, and pointing trichomes. We also provide a new generic key to Sapotaceae for New Guinea.
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| 9. |
- Swenson, Ulf, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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The largest endemic genus in New Caledonia grows: Three new species of Pycnandra (Sapotaceae) restricted to ultramafic substrate with updated subgeneric keys
- 2021
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Ingår i: Australian Systematic Botany. - 1030-1887 .- 1446-5701. ; 34, s. 510-525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pycnandra Benth., a member of subfamily Chrysophylloideae (Sapotaceae), is the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia and is subdivided into six subgenera. It circumscribes 59 species, plus an additional three described here, and nine additional species that remain undescribed for various reasons. We here use nrDNA data of ETS, ITS, and RPB2, analyse it within a Bayesian framework using BEAST, and place the new species in their respective subgenera. Pycnandra perplexaSwenson & Gâteblé is placed in subgenus Achradotypus and given a preliminary IUCN Red List assessment of Near Threatened (NT). It is confined to the ultramafic massif of southern Grande Terre and separated from the similar species P. griseosepala Vink, which is confined to non-ultramafic mountains north of the large southern ultramafic plateau. Pycnandra kopetoensis Munzinger & Swenson and P. margueriteae Munzinger & Swenson are two new micro-endemic species known only from their type localities, where habitats have been destroyed by deforestation, deliberate fires and mining activities. Pycnandra kopetoensis is named after Mount Kopéto, placed in subgenus Leptostylis, and given a preliminary assessment as Critically Endangered (CR). Pycnandra margueriteae is from a small remnant forest near Bourail and categorised as Critically Endangered (CR). Revised identification keys for subgenus Achradotypus, Leptostylis and Pycnandra are provided.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Thulin, Mats, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Molina's species of Lucuma : neotypifications and nomenclatural implications
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gayana. Botanica. - 0016-5301 .- 0717-6643. ; 78:2, s. 162-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The story of the life and botanical contributions of Juan Ignacio Molina (1740-1829), “the first Chilean scientist”, are briefly outlined. The generic name Lucuma is considered to be validly published by Molina in 1782, and the identities of the five species of the genus, L. bifera, L. turbinata, L. valparadisaea, L. keule, and L. spinosa, are discussed. Four species names are neotypified with material from Chile and the nomenclatural implications are discussed. Lucuma bifera, with L. turbinata in synonymy, becomes the name for the commonly cultivated Andean fruit tree in Sapotaceae currently called Pouteria lucuma. Gayella valparadisaea, with Lucuma valparadisaea in synonymy, becomes the name for the endemic Chilean tree in Sapotaceae currently called Pouteria splendens. Gomortega keule, with Lucuma keule in synonymy, remains the name for this endemic Chilean fruit tree in the monotypic family Gomortegaceae. Geoffroea decorticans, with Lucuma spinosa in synonymy, remains the name for this South American tree or shrub with edible fruits in Fabaceae.
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