| 1. |
- Alinaghizadeh, Hassan, Statistiker, 1961-
(författare)
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Radioactive fall-out from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986 and cancer rates in Sweden, a 25-year follow up
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: The current research aimed to study the association between exposure to low-dose radiation fallout after the Chernobyl accident in 1986 and the incidence of cancer in Sweden.Methods: A nationwide study population, selecting information from nine counties out of 21 in Sweden for the period from 1980 – 2010.In the first study, an ecological design was defined for two closed cohorts from 1980 and 1986. A possible exposure response pattern between the exposure to 137Cs on the ground and the cancer incidence after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident was investigated in the nine northernmost counties of Sweden (n=2.2 million). The activity of 137Cs at the county, municipality and parish level in 1986 was retrieved from the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSI) and used as a proxy for received dose of ionizing radiation. Information about diagnoses of cancer (ICD-7 code 140-209) from 1958 – 2009 were received from the Swedish Cancer Registry, National Board of Health and Welfare (368,244 cases were reported for the period 1958 to 2009). The incidence rate ratios were calculated by using Poisson Regression for pre-Chernobyl (1980 – 1986) and post-Chernobyl (1986 – 2009) using average deposition of 137Cs at three geographical levels: county (n=9), municipality (n=95), and parish level (n=612). Also, a time trend analysis with age standardized cancer incidence in the study population and in the general Swedish population was drawn from 1980 – 2009.In the second study, a closed cohort was defined as all individuals living in the three most contaminated counties in mid-Sweden in 1986. Fallout of 137Cs was retrieved as a digital map from the Geological Survey of Sweden, demographic data from Statistics Sweden, and cancer diagnosis from the Swedish Cancer Registry, National Board of Health and Welfare. Individuals were assigned an annual 137Cs exposure based on their place of residence (1986 through 1990), from which 5-year cumulative 137Cs exposures were calculated, accounting for the physical decay of 137Cs and changing residencies. Hazard ratios for having cancer during the follow-up period, adjusted for age, sex, rural/non-rural residence, and pre-Chernobyl total cancer incidence, were calculated.Results: No obvious exposure-response pattern in the age-standardized total cancer incidence rate ratios could be seen in the first study. However, a spurious association between the fallout and cancer incidence was present, where areas with the lowest incidence of cancer before the accident coincidentally had the lowest fallout of cesium-137. Increasing the geographical resolution of exposure from the average values of nine counties to the average values of 612 parishes resulted in two to three times higher degree of variance explanation by regression model. There was a secular trend, with an increase in age standardized incidence of cancer from 1980 – 2009. This trend was stronger in the general Swedish population compared to the nine counties of the present study.In the second study, 734,537 people identified were divided into three exposure categories: the first quartile was low exposure (0.0 to 45.4 kBq/m2), the second and third quartiles were intermediate exposure (45.41 to 118.8 kBq/m2), and the fourth quartile was highest exposure (118.81 to 564.71 kBq/m2). Between 1991 and 2010, 82,495 cancer cases were registered in the three counties. Adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05) for intermediate exposure, and 1.05 (1.03 to 1.07) for the highest exposure, when comparing to the reference exposure.Conclusion: Using the ecological data, there was no exposure response trend; however, after refining the data to the individual level of exposure, there was an overall exposure response pattern. Nonetheless, due to the time dependency, these results were restricted to the age group of 25 – 49 among males. Using register-based data only, for determining the association between low-dose exposure to radiation and the risk of developing cancer, is difficult since we cannot control for other significant factors that are associated with cancer.
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| 2. |
- Aronsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Associations Between Being 'locked-In' and Health - An Epidemiological Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. - : Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library. - 2245-0157. ; 9:3, s. 71-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between an individual's level of perceived control over labor market position (locked-in and not locked-in) and self-rated health and psychological well-being. Methods. A representative sample (n = 11,675) of the working population in southern Sweden responded to a questionnaire. Results. Sixty-seven percent of the respondents worked in their preferred workplace and occupation. Nineteen percent reported being in a nonpreferred workplace and nonpreferred occupation (double locked-in). Twenty-three percent reported suboptimal health compared with 31% among the double locked-in. The risk of suboptimal health was elevated in all locked-in groups also after adjustment for background variables and job strain. In the double locked-in group, the fully adjusted odds ratio for suboptimal health was 1.72 (95% confidence interval 1.49-1.99) and for suboptimal psychological well-being 2.17 (95% confidence interval 1.84-2.56). Odds ratio for the other locked-in groups was lower but still statistically significant. Conclusions. Being at a nonpreferred work-place or occupation was associated with impaired health.
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| 3. |
- Taloyan, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Does Labor Market Position Explain the Differences in Self-Rated Health between Employed Immigrants and Native Swedes : a Population-Based Study from Southern Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of International Migration and Integration. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1488-3473 .- 1874-6365. ; 20:3, s. 703-715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many groups of immigrants have worse health than the native population in the host countries. One possible explanation for this is that immigrants are disadvantaged in the labor market, since it has been shown that both precarious and locked-in labor market position can be associated with health problems. However, no published study to date has analyzed the prevalence or consequences of locked-in labor market position among immigrants. The aim of the current study is to analyze the labor market using a population-based survey. More concretely to investigate to what extent immigrants are over-represented in locked-in labor market positions and to what extent this can explain the health disadvantage among immigrants. The study is based on a dataset of the 20,449 individuals, who in the year 2000 were aged 18-64, from a survey of a representative sample of the population in the Scania region with citizen or resident status of southern Sweden, the Public Health in Scania Study conducted by the Unit of Social Medicine at Lund University, Malmo University Hospital (MAS). Respondents born abroad with Swedish parents had the highest employment rate (81.5%), with 73.7% of the employed on permanent contracts followed by participants born in Western Europe excluding the Nordic countries (81.4%), with 66.4% permanently employed, followed by native Swedes (79.1%), with 76.9% permanently employed. The lowest employment rate was observed among those born in the Middle East and North Africa, 49.4%, with 36.8% permanently employed and 19.1% self-employed. Employed participants born in the Middle East or North Africa had an excess risk of poor self-rated health if they were in a double locked-in as well as not locked-in situation, compared with native Swedes in the same labor market situations (OR = 2.18 and 2.04, respectively). In conclusion, it appears that selection into less preferred occupations or workplaces cannot explain the excess risk of poor health among immigrants from outside of Western world. Further studies, including qualitative ones, should provide detailed information from immigrants about their labor market position and the reason behind it.
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| 4. |
- Taloyan, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Poor physical function, relationship problems and alcohol use are predictors of increased overall mortality in Swedish cancer patients : 27-years follow-up study in Stockholm County
- 2018
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CANCER POLICY. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-5383. ; 16, s. 52-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To study the mortality rates among cancer patients and whether these differences are associated with history of poor physical health and socio-economic situation.Method: The relation between overall mortality and 30 questions of life-style and health was investigated in all subjects (n = 3197) who received a diagnosis of cancer (ICD-7 140-209) between 1969 and 1996 from the Rebus-cohort created in 1969 (n = 32186).Results: The overall mortality was increased in both men and women who received a cancer diagnose if they had reported problems with physical function at the beginning of the study. Men who received a cancer diagnose also had higher mortality due to cancer if they had relationship problems (HR = 1.23, 1.02-1.48), and alcohol use problem (HR = 1.35, 1.04-1.74) at baseline. Women who received cancer also had higher risk to die in cardiovascular diseases if they had reported physical function problem (HR = 1.97, 1.25-3.12) at the beginning of the study.Conclusions: Poor physical function is a predictor of increased mortality among subjects with diagnosis of cancer.
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| 5. |
- Taloyan, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated health amongst male and female employees in Sweden : a nationally representative study
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 88:7, s. 849-859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Self-rated health (SRH) is a well-established measure within social epidemiology. However, most studies on SRH tend to be amongst the general population, where SRH has been found to be lower in women than in men. Few studies have specifically investigated patterns of SRH just within an employed population. The purpose of this study was to (1) investigate whether there are gender differences in reporting suboptimal SRH in an employed Swedish population and (2) study whether these differences could be explained by socio-economic, work-, health- and/or lifestyle-related factors. Methods This study is cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2008 wave of Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health, a nationally representative cohort of the Swedish working population. This study includes the responses of 9,756 employed individuals. Logistic regression analyses were performed. Results After adjusting for age, income and working hours (full vs. part time), men had significantly higher odds of suboptimal SRH than women OR 1.38 (95 % CI 1.22-1.55). With stepwise inclusion of health factors such as long-standing disease, sleep quality and fatigue, the OR for men increased to 1.65 (95 % CI 1.44-1.89). Gender differences in reporting suboptimal SRH were attenuated to 1.29 (95 % CI 1.11-1.51) with the inclusion of lifestyle factors. However, they remained significant after inclusion of all explanatory variables. Conclusions In contrast to findings in general population studies, our results show that men in employment have higher odds of suboptimal SRH than their female counterparts. As SRH is an important indicator of health with a strong association with mortality, an excess risk of suboptimal SRH amongst employed men shows that more attention should be paid to men's health in the workplace.
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| 6. |
- Taloyan, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Sickness presence in the Swedish Police in 2007 and in 2010 : Associations with demographic factors, job characteristics, and health
- 2016
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 54:2, s. 379-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Sickness presence (SP) is a complex phenomenon that has been shown to predict sickness absence, poor work performance, and suboptimal self-rated health. However, more research is needed to increase the understanding of how SP relates to occupational factors, demographic variables, and self-rated health.OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the prevalence of SP among the Police employees in Sweden in 2007 and in 2010; (2) the association between demographics, seniority, occupational group (police officer vs civil servant), and self-reported health on the one hand and SP on the other hand for both years separately.METHODS: Survey data from Swedish Police employees from 2007 (n = 17,512) and 2010 (n = 18,415) were analyzed using logistic regression to assess odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).RESULTS: The prevalence of SP was stable between the years, but the proportion who stated that they had not been ill at all decreased from 2007 to 2010 (28.0% vs. 23.6%), while the proportion stating always having stayed at home when ill did not differ; 45.0% in 2007 to 45.8% in 2010. The ORs of SP were higher among those with suboptimal self-rated health compared to those with optimal self-rated health (4.38 (95% CI 4.02- 4.78) and 4.31 (3.96- 4.70) in 2007 and 2010, respectively) and among police officers compared with civilians (1.26 (1.17-1.36) and 1.19 (1.10-1.28)), whereas no clear patterns were found for age, gender, and seniority.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalences of SP were about the same in 2007 and 2010 and were slightly lower compared to in previous studies. The strong association between SP and suboptimal self-rated health suggests that high levels of SP may be an early marker of future illness and sickness absence. In future studies of SP it is important to account for having been ill, that is, at risk of SP.
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| 7. |
- Taloyan, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Sickness presence in the Swedish Police in 2007 and in 2010 : Associations with demographic factors, job characteristics, and health
- 2016
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 54:2, s. 379-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Sickness presence (SP) is a complex phenomenon that has been shown to predict sickness absence, poor work performance, and suboptimal self-rated health. However, more research is needed to increase the understanding of how SP relates to occupational factors, demographic variables, and self-rated health.OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the prevalence of SP among the Police employees in Sweden in 2007 and in 2010; (2) the association between demographics, seniority, occupational group (police officer vs civil servant), and self-reported health on the one hand and SP on the other hand for both years separately.METHODS: Survey data from Swedish Police employees from 2007 (n = 17,512) and 2010 (n = 18,415) were analyzed using logistic regression to assess odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).RESULTS: The prevalence of SP was stable between the years, but the proportion who stated that they had not been ill at all decreased from 2007 to 2010 (28.0% vs. 23.6%), while the proportion stating always having stayed at home when ill did not differ; 45.0% in 2007 to 45.8% in 2010. The ORs of SP were higher among those with suboptimal self-rated health compared to those with optimal self-rated health (4.38 (95% CI 4.02- 4.78) and 4.31 (3.96- 4.70) in 2007 and 2010, respectively) and among police officers compared with civilians (1.26 (1.17-1.36) and 1.19 (1.10-1.28)), whereas no clear patterns were found for age, gender, and seniority.
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