| 1. |
- Ageron, M., et al.
(författare)
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Studies of a full-scale mechanical prototype line for the ANTARES neutrino telescope and tests of a prototype instrument for deep-sea acoustic measurements
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 581:3, s. 695-708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- full-scale mechanical prototype line was deployed to a depth of 2500 m to test the leak tightness of the electronics containers and the pressure-resistant properties of an electromechanical cable under evaluation for use in the ANTARES deep-sea neutrino telescope. During a month-long immersion study, line parameter data were taken using miniature autonomous data loggers and shore-based optical time domain reflectometry. Details of the mechanical prototype line, the electromechanical cable and data acquisition are presented. Data taken during the immersion study revealed deficiencies in the pressure resistance of the electromechanical cable terminations at the entry points to the electronics containers. The improvements to the termination, which have been integrated into subsequent detection lines, are discussed. The line also allowed deep-sea acoustic measurements with a prototype hydrophone system. The technical setup of this system is described, and the first results of the data analysis are presented. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Ageron, M., et al.
(författare)
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The ANTARES optical beacon system
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 578:3, s. 498-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ANTARES is a neutrino telescope being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of a three-dimensional array of photomultiplier tubes that can detect the Cherenkov light induced by charged particles produced in the interactions of neutrinos with the surrounding medium. High angular resolution can be achieved, in particular, when a muon is produced, provided that the Cherenkov photons are detected with sufficient timing precision. Considerations of the intrinsic time uncertainties stemming from the transit time spread in the photomultiplier tubes and the mechanism of transmission of light in sea water lead to the conclusion that a relative time accuracy of the order of 0.5 ns is desirable. Accordingly, different time calibration systems have been developed for the ANTARES telescope. In this article, a system based on Optical Beacons, a set of external and well-controlled pulsed light sources located throughout the detector, is described. This calibration system takes into account the optical properties of sea water, which is used as the detection volume of the ANTARES telescope. The design, tests, construction and first results of the two types of beacons, LED and laser-based, are presented. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Aguilar, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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First results of the instrumentation line for the deep-sea ANTARES neutrino telescope
- 2006
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Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 26:4-5, s. 314-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2005, the ANTARES Collaboration deployed and operated at a depth of 2500 m a so-called Mini Instrumentation Line equipped with Optical Modules (MILOM) at the ANTARES site. The various data acquired during the continuous operation from April to December 2005 of the MILOM confirm the satisfactory performance of the Optical Modules, their front-end electronics and readout system. as well as the calibration devices of the detector. The in situ measurement of the Optical Module time response yields a resolution better than 0.5 ns. The performance of the acoustic positioning system, which enables the spatial reconstruction of the ANTARES detector with a precision of about 10 cm, is verified. These results demonstrate that with the full ANTARES neutrino telescope the design angular resolution of better than 0.3 degrees can be realistically achieved.
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| 4. |
- Aguilar, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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The data acquisition system for the ANTARES neutrino telescope
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 570:1, s. 107-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ANTARES neutrino telescope is being constructed in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of a large three-dimensional array of photo-multiplier tubes. The data acquisition system of the detector takes care of the digitisation of the photo-multiplier tube signals, data transport, data filtering, and data storage. The detector is operated using a control program interfaced with all elements. The design and the implementation of the data acquisition system are described. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Clark, Andrew G., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andersson, L., et al.
(författare)
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New Features of Electron Phase Space Holes Observed by the THEMIS Mission
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 102:22, s. 225004-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observations of electron phase-space holes (EHs) in Earth's plasma sheet by the THEMIS satellites include the first detection of a magnetic perturbation (delta B-parallel to) parallel to the ambient magnetic field (B-0). EHs with a detectable delta B-parallel to have several distinguishing features including large electric field amplitudes, a magnetic perturbation perpendicular to B-0, high speeds (similar to 0.3c) along B-0, and sizes along B-0 of tens of Debye lengths. These EHs have a significant center potential (Phi similar to k(B)T(e)/e), suggesting strongly nonlinear behavior nearby such as double layers or magnetic reconnection.
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| 9. |
- Ergun, R. E., et al.
(författare)
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Observations of Double Layers in Earth's Plasma Sheet
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 102:15, s. 155002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first direct observations of parallel electric fields (E-parallel to) carried by double layers (DLs) in the plasma sheet of Earth's magnetosphere. The DL observations, made by the THEMIS spacecraft, have E-parallel to signals that are analogous to those reported in the auroral region. DLs are observed during bursty bulk flow events, in the current sheet, and in plasma sheet boundary layer, all during periods of strong magnetic fluctuations. These observations imply that DLs are a universal process and that strongly nonlinear and kinetic behavior is intrinsic to Earth's plasma sheet.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Chen, Gaojian, et al.
(författare)
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A modular click approach to glycosylated polymeric beads : Design, synthesis and preliminary lectin, recognition studies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 40:21, s. 7513-7520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Covalent immobilization of a range of carbohydrate derivatives onto polymeric resin beads is described. Copper-catalyzed Huisgen [2 + 3] cycloaddition (often termed click chemistry) was used to graft mannose-containing azides to complementarily functionalized alkyne surfaces, namely (a) Wang resin or (b) Rasta particles consisting of a clickable alkyne polymer loose outer shell and a Wang resin inner core. For the second approach, Wang resin beads were first converted into immobilized living radical polymerization initiators with subsequent polymerization of trimethylsilanyl-protected propargyl methacrylate followed by deprotection with TBAF to yield the desired polyalkyne clickable scaffold. The appropriate (x-mannopyranoside azide was then clicked onto the bead to give a mannose functionalized Rasta resin. IR, gel-phase H-1 NMR, and elemental analysis have been used to characterize the modified resins. The binding abilities of these D-mannose-modified particles were subsequently tested using fluorescein-labeled Concanavalin A (Con A), a lectin that binds certain mannose-containing molecules. Preliminary results indicated that the novel glyco-hybrid materials presented in this work are able to efficiently recognize mannose-binding model lectins such as Con A, opening the way for their potential application in affinity chromatography, sensors, and other protein recognition/separation fields.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Maurer, Matthew, et al.
(författare)
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3-Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 potentiates upstream lesions on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in breast carcinoma
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 1538-7445. ; 69:15, s. 306-6299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lesions of ERBB2, PTEN, and PIK3CA activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway during cancer development by increasing levels of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP(3)). 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is the first node of the PI3K signal output and is required for activation of AKT. PIP(3) recruits PDK1 and AKT to the cell membrane through interactions with their pleckstrin homology domains, allowing PDK1 to activate AKT by phosphorylating it at residue threonine-308. We show that total PDK1 protein and mRNA were overexpressed in a majority of human breast cancers and that 21% of tumors had five or more copies of the gene encoding PDK1, PDPK1. We found that increased PDPK1 copy number was associated with upstream pathway lesions (ERBB2 amplification, PTEN loss, or PIK3CA mutation), as well as patient survival. Examination of an independent set of breast cancers and tumor cell lines derived from multiple forms of human cancers also found increased PDK1 protein levels associated with such upstream pathway lesions. In human mammary cells, PDK1 enhanced the ability of upstream lesions to signal to AKT, stimulate cell growth and migration, and rendered cells more resistant to PDK1 and PI3K inhibition. After orthotopic transplantation, PDK1 overexpression was not oncogenic but dramatically enhanced the ability of ERBB2 to form tumors. Our studies argue that PDK1 overexpression and increased PDPK1 copy number are common occurrences in cancer that potentiate the oncogenic effect of upstream lesions on the PI3K pathway. Therefore, we conclude that alteration of PDK1 is a critical component of oncogenic PI3K signaling in breast cancer.
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| 16. |
- Mi, Y-H, et al.
(författare)
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Current asthma and respiratory symptoms among pupils in Shanghai, China : influence of building ventilation, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and formaldehyde in classrooms
- 2006
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Ingår i: Indoor Air. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 16:6, s. 454-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated 10 naturally ventilated schools in Shanghai, in winter. Pupils (13-14 years) in 30 classes received a questionnaire, 1414 participated (99%). Classroom temperatures were 13-21 degrees C (mean 17 degrees C), relative air humidity was 36-82% (mean 56%). The air exchange rate was 2.9-29.4 ac/h (mean 9.1), because of window opening. Mean CO2 exceeded 1000 ppm in 45% of the classrooms. NO2 levels were 33-85 mu g/m(3) indoors, and 45-80 mu g/m(3) outdoors. Ozone were 1-9 mu g/m(3) indoors and 17-28 mu g/m(3) outdoors. In total, 8.9% had doctors' diagnosed asthma, 3.1% wheeze, 23.0% daytime breathlessness, 2.4% current asthma, and 2.3% asthma medication. Multiple logistic regression was applied. Observed indoor molds was associated with asthma attacks [odds ratio (OR) = 2.40: P < 0.05]. Indoor temperature was associated with daytime breathlessness (OR = 1.26 for 1 C; P < 0.001), and indoor CO2 with current asthma (OR = 1.18 for 100 ppm; P < 0.01) and asthma medication (OR = 1.15 for 100 ppm; P < 0.05). Indoor NO2 was associated with current asthma (OR = 1.51 for 10 mu g/m(3); P < 0.01) and asthma medication (OR = 1.45 for 10 mu g/m(3); P < 0.01). Outdoor NO2 was associated with current asthma (OR = 1.44 for 10 mu g/m(3); P < 0.05). Indoor and outdoor ozone was negatively associated with daytime breathlessness. In conclusion, asthma symptoms among pupils in Shanghai can be influenced by lack of ventilation and outdoor air pollution from traffic.
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| 17. |
- Sun, Jielin, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for two independent prostate cancer risk-associated loci in the HNF1B gene at 17q12
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - London : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 40:10, s. 1153-1155
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We carried out a fine-mapping study in the HNF1B gene at 17q12 in two study populations and identified a second locus associated with prostate cancer risk, 26 kb centromeric to the first known locus (rs4430796); these loci are separated by a recombination hot spot. We confirmed the association with a SNP in the second locus (rs11649743) in five additional populations, with P = 1.7 10-9 for an allelic test of the seven studies combined. The association at each SNP remained significant after adjustment for the other SNP.
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| 18. |
- Tao, C., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of circuit non-idealities on wireless interconnect based on OOK modulated RF transceiver
- 2009
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Ingår i: NORCHIP, 2009. - 9781424443109
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, a system model for RF wireless interconnect has been proposed based on digital on-off keying (OOK) modulated RF transceiver with 2 Gb/s transmission rate and 40 GHz carrier frequency. To evaluate performance of wireless interconnect, the impact of critical non-idealities caused by circuit blocks has been analyzed and simulated in Matlab® Simulink® environment. A set of rough circuit specifications and BER performances of such system are obtained, through which key points during actual circuit design has come into view. The result of this work has verified the potential feasibility and reliability, and pointed out possible circuit design stresses for wireless interconnect system.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Tao, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid synthesis of auxin via a new tryptophan-dependent pathway is required for shade avoidance in plants
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 133:1, s. 164-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants grown at high densities perceive a decrease in the red to far-red (R:FR) ratio of incoming light, resulting from absorption of red light by canopy leaves and reflection of far-red light from neighboring plants. These changes in light quality trigger a series of responses known collectively as the shade avoidance syndrome. During shade avoidance, stems elongate at the expense of leaf and storage organ expansion, branching is inhibited, and flowering is accelerated. We identified several loci in Arabidopsis, mutations in which lead to plants defective in multiple shade avoidance responses. Here we describe TAA1, an aminotransferase, and show that TAA1 catalyzes the formation of indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) from L-tryptophan (L-Trp), the first step in a previously proposed, but uncharacterized, auxin biosynthetic pathway. This pathway is rapidly deployed to synthesize auxin at the high levels required to initiate the multiple changes in body plan associated with shade avoidance.
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| 21. |
- Xu, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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A pillar-array based 2-dimensional photonic crystal microcavity
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 94, s. 241110-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental results are presented for a high quality factor cavity based on pillar arrays. The cavityis formed from a square lattice of silicon pillars of finite height. The quality factor of the fundamental mode is about 7300 when the cavity is in air and 7800 when it is immersed in water.Since a pillar array has a large percent of connected void space and confines TM modes effectively,it has great promise for use in numerous areas including biochemical sensing and quantum cascade lasers.
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| 22. |
- Yang, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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Transcriptional control of SLC26A4 is involved in Pendred syndrome and nonsyndromic enlargement of vestibular aqueduct (DFNB4).
- 2007
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Ingår i: American journal of human genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297. ; 80:6, s. 1055-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although recessive mutations in the anion transporter gene SLC26A4 are known to be responsible for Pendred syndrome (PS) and nonsyndromic hearing loss associated with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA), also known as "DFNB4," a large percentage of patients with this phenotype lack mutations in the SLC26A4 coding region in one or both alleles. We have identified and characterized a key transcriptional regulatory element in the SLC26A4 promoter that binds FOXI1, a transcriptional activator of SLC26A4. In nine patients with PS or nonsyndromic EVA, a novel c.-103T-->C mutation in this regulatory element interferes with FOXI1 binding and completely abolishes FOXI1-mediated transcriptional activation. We have also identified six patients with mutations in FOXI1 that compromise its ability to activate SLC26A4 transcription. In one family, the EVA phenotype segregates in a double-heterozygous mode in the affected individual who carries single mutations in both SLC26A4 and FOXI1. This finding is consistent with our observation that EVA occurs in the Slc26a4(+/-); Foxi1(+/-) double-heterozygous mouse mutant. These results support a novel dosage-dependent model for the molecular pathogenesis of PS and nonsyndromic EVA that involves SLC26A4 and its transcriptional regulatory machinery.
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