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- Targino, Admir Créso, et al.
(författare)
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Airborne in situ characterization of dry urban aerosol optical properties around complex topography
- 2006
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Ingår i: Atmospheric research. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0169-8095 .- 1873-2895. ; 79:2, s. 148-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ data from the 1997 Southern California Ozone Study—NARSTO2 were used to describe the aerosol optical properties in an urban area whose aerosol distribution is modified as the aerosols are advected over the surrounding topography. The data consist of measurements made with a nephelometer and absorption photometer onboard the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Pelican aircraft. The cases investigated in this study include vertical profiles flown over coastal sites as well as sites located along some important mountain ranges in southern California. The vertical distribution of the aerosol in the Los Angeles Basin showed a complex configuration, directly related with the local meteorological circulations and the surrounding topography. High spatial and temporal variability in air pollutant concentrations within a relatively small area was found, as indicated by the aerosol scattering and absorption coefficient data. The results suggest that in areas with such complex terrain, a high spatial resolution is required in order to adequately describe the aerosol optical quantities. Principal components analysis (PCA) has been applied to aerosol chemical samples in order to identify the major aerosol types in the Los Angeles Basin. The technique yielded four components that accounted for 78% of the variance in the data set. These were indicative of marine aerosols, urban aerosols, trace elements and secondary aerosol components of traffic emissions and agricultural activities. A Monte Carlo radiation transfer model has been employed to simulate the effects that different aerosol vertical profiles have on the attenuation of solar energy. The cases examined were selected using the results of the PCA and in situ data were used to describe the atmospheric optical properties in the model. These investigations comprise a number of sensitivity tests to evaluate the effects on the results of the location of the aerosol layers as well as the vertical resolution of the Monte Carlo model.
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- Targino, Admir Créso, 1973-
(författare)
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Regional studies of the optical, chemical and microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosols : Radiative impacts and cloud formation
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Atmospheric particles are ubiquitous in the Earth’s atmosphere and have potential to influence atmospheric chemistry, visibility, global climate and human health, particularly downwind from major pollution sources. The main objective of this thesis was to investigate questions pertaining to the microphysical, chemical and optical properties of aerosol particles by using in situ data collected during four experiments carried out in different regions of the Northern Hemisphere.The first two papers of this thesis reports on airborne measurements of the aerosol optical properties performed over the North Atlantic and the Los Angeles basin. Airmasses from Europe and North Africa are usually advected in over the North Atlantic, alternating with the background marine conditions. The results showed that the aerosols are not uniformly distributed in the area and variability in the aerosol fields occurs at sub-synoptic scales. It was also observed that the single scattering coefficient varied as the polluted plumes aged, suggesting a relationship between this quantity and transport time. The measurements performed around the Los Angeles basin showed that the area’s complex topography and local meteorological circulations exert a strong control on the distribution of the aerosol in the basin. Large spatio-temporal gradients in the aerosol optical properties were observed along a transect flown from the shore towards the mountains. Profiles flown over sites located on the mountains displayed a stratified configuration with elevated aerosol layers.Airborne data of residual particles collected in orographic wave clouds over Scandinavia were analyzed using a single particle analysis technique. Mineral dust, organic aerosols and sea salt were the main group of particles identified. Residuals composed predominantly of mineral dust were found in glaciated clouds while organic residuals were found in liquid clouds. The results suggest that organic material may inhibit freezing and have considerable influence on supercooled clouds that form through heterogeneous pathways.The partitioning of the aerosol particles between cloud droplets and interstitial air has been addressed in terms of their microphysical properties using data obtained at a mountain-top site in Sweden during a stratocumulus event. The results showed that the scavenging efficiency varied during the cloud event, and Aitken-mode particles were also efficiently scavenged in addition to accumulation-mode particles. It is hypothesized that alterations of the aerosol chemical composition occurred during the measurement period, modifying the hygroscopic nature of the particles and decreasing their activation diameter.
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