| 1. |
- Bjersing, Jan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Loss of ileal IgA+ plasma cells and of CD4+ lymphocytes in ileal Peyer's patches of vitamin A deficient rats.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Clinical and experimental immunology. - 0009-9104. ; 130:3, s. 404-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Child mortality in diarrhoeal disease is increased significantly by vitamin A deficiency in poor countries. The pathological mechanisms are not known in detail. However, in this paper we report that vitamin A-deficient Wistar rats had much reduced IgA+ plasma cells in the ileal lamina propria (eightfold reduction from 470 cells/mm(2), P = 0.009), as well as a prominent reduction of CD4+ cells in the parafollicular regions of ileal Peyer's patches (reduction from 7200 to 105 cells/mm(2), P = 0.009). IL-2Ralpha-chain (CD25) positive lymphocytes in the ileal Peyer's patches were also reduced significantly in vitamin A deficiency (from 1400 to 300 cells/mm(2), P = 0.009). The density of CD8 cells tended to be increased relative to the control animals (from 5100 to 6000 cells/mm(2), not statistically significant). In conclusion, the marked decrease of lamina propria IgA+ plasma cells may be one cause of the high diarrhoeal mortality in vitamin A deficiency. This, in turn, appears to be related to reduced numbers of activated or regulatory CD4+ T cells in Peyer's patches.
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| 2. |
- Karlsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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"Tolerosomes” are produced by intestinal epithelial cells
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. ; 31, s. 2892-2900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of immunological tolerance to orally fed antigens depends on the sampling, processing and transportation events followed in the intestinal epithelium. We present here a description of a ’’tolerosome’’: a supra-molecular, exosome-like structure assembled in and released from the small intestinal epithelial cell. The tolerosome is a e 40 nm large vesicular structure that carries MHC class II (MHC II) with bound antigenic peptides sampled from the gut lumen. Tolerosomes isolated from serum shortly after antigen feeding or from an in vitro pulsed intestinal epithelial cell line are fully capable of inducing antigen specific tolerance in naive recipient animals. Purified tolerosomes represent a structure by which fed antigens can be efficiently presented to the immune system. Removal of the tolerosomes from serum by ultracentrifugation or absorption of MHC II results in abrogated tolerance development.
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| 3. |
- Korotkova, Marina, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Modulation of neonatal immunological tolerance to ovalbumin by maternal essential fatty acid intake
- 2004
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Ingår i: Pediatr Allergy Immunol. - 0905-6157. ; 15:2, s. 112-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examines whether dietary essential fatty acid (EFA) intake influences the induction of oral tolerance to ovalbumin (OA) in neonatal and adult rats. During late gestation and throughout lactation Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet supplemented (S) with EFA (7% soybean oil), or a diet deficient (D) in EFA (7% hydrogenated lard). The rat offspring were subsequently exposed to OA either via the milk at 10-16 days (neonatal rats), or as adults via the drinking water at 7-9 wk of age. Oral administration of OA to the adult rats lead to suppression of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactivity and IgG antibody response against OA, which was not influenced by their diets. In the offspring of the dams fed the D diet antigen exposure via the milk resulted in suppression of the serum antibody levels and DTH reaction against OA indicating induction of oral tolerance. Higher transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) mRNA levels in the draining lymph nodes suggested this to be mediated by regulatory T cells. In contrast, OA exposure of the dams fed the S diet did not result in a suppressed OA response of their offspring. Thus, the quality of FA ingested by the mother may have effects on the development of immunological tolerance to dietary antigens in the offspring. Our results might have importance for the understanding of the increase in allergy related to the Western type of diet.
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| 4. |
- Korotkova, Marina, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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The ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in maternal diet influences the induction of neonatal immunological tolerance to ovalbumin
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clinical and experimental immunology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 137:2, s. 237-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prevalence of allergy is increasing in many countries and might be related to changed environmental factors, such as dietary fatty acids (FA). The present study investigates whether dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA influences the induction of immunological tolerance to ovalbumin (OA) in neonatal rats. During late gestation and throughout lactation Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet containing 7% linseed oil (n-3 diet), sunflower oil (n-6 diet) or soybean oil (n-6/n-3 diet). At 10-16 days of age the rat offspring were subsequently exposed, or not, to OA via the milk. The offspring were weaned onto the same diets as the mothers and immunized with OA and the bystander antigen human serum albumin (HSA). In the offspring on the n-3 diet exposure to OA via the milk resulted in lower delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) and antibody responses against both OA and HSA, compared to those in the offspring not exposed to OA, indicating the induction of oral tolerance. In the offspring on the n-6 diet, the exposure to OA led to depressed specific immune responses against only OA, not HSA. In the offspring on the n-6/n-3 diet oral exposure to OA did not influence immune responses against OA, or HSA. The results indicate that the dietary ratio of n-6/n-3 FA is important for the induction of neonatal oral tolerance. Thus nonoptimal feeding may have effects on the development of immunological tolerance to dietary antigen ingested by the mother. The ratio of n-6/n-3 FA in the diet may be considered in the context of increased prevalence of allergy.
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| 5. |
- Lasaitiene, Daina, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Perturbed medullary tubulogenesis in neonatal rat exposed to renin-angiotensin system inhibition.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. - 0931-0509. ; 18:12, s. 2534-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pharmacological interruption of the angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT(1)) signalling during nephrogenesis in rats induces irreversible abnormalities in kidney morphology, comprising papillary atrophy and tubulointerstitial damage, which are characterized by tubular dilatation/atrophy and interstitial inflammation/fibrosis. This study determined the time course for development of tubular structural and inflammatory changes and possible cytokine production in the renal medulla of newborn rats exposed to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Additionally, medullary expression of E-cadherin, a marker for tubular formation, was investigated in ACE-inhibited rats.
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| 6. |
- Lin, Xiao Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Local allergic reaction in food-hypersensitive adults despite a lack of systemic food-specific IgE
- 2002
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Ingår i: J Allergy Clin Immunol. ; 109:5 Pt 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Objective tools are lacking for the diagnosis of local gastrointestinal inflammatory reactions in skin prick test (SPT)-negative and serum IgE antibody (s-IgE Ab)-negative patients with suspected food allergy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the presence of eosinophils, T cells, local IgE-bearing cells, IL-4, and IFN-gamma in small intestinal biopsy specimens from adult SPT-negative/s-IgE Ab-negative patients with food allergy during symptomatic and nonsymptomatic periods. METHODS: Fourteen patients with food allergy-related gastrointestinal symptoms confirmed by double-blinded, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) were investigated. Eleven of the patients were SPT-negative and s-IgE Ab-negative. Sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers were used as controls. Duodenal biopsies were studied with immunostaining through use of a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for eosinophils, CD3, CD4, CD8, IgE, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. RESULTS: Significant increases in numbers of MBP(+) eosinophils, IgE-bearing cells, and T cells were found in the duodenal mucosa of the patients when they were symptomatic in comparison with when they were asymptomatic and in comparison with healthy controls. Numbers of IL-4(+) cells were increased and numbers of IFN-gamma(+) cells were reduced in the patients when they were symptomatic in comparison with when they were asymptomatic and in comparison with the controls. There were no differences in total s-IgE levels between any of the groups. CONCLUSION: A significant correlation was found between the appearance of symptoms of food hypersensitivity and the duodenal presence of IgE-bearing cells, activated eosinophils, and T cells in patients with negative SPT results and negative s-IgE Ab to the offending food. We suggest that a localized IgE-mediated response caused the gastrointestinal symptoms seen in these patients.
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| 7. |
- Magnusson, J, et al.
(författare)
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A kinetic study in adults with food hypersensitivity assessed as eosinophil activation in fecal samples
- 2003
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 33:8, s. 1052-1059.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Immune-mediated food hypersensitivity affecting the gut is difficult to evaluate, and objective tools to diagnose local gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory reactions are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether allergic manifestations in adults with a history of food-related GI symptoms could be assessed in feces during symptomatic and non-symptomatic periods, using the surrogate markers, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). METHODS: Thirteen subjects with food hypersensitivity-related GI symptoms, confirmed by a positive double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC), were subjected to an open kinetic food challenge design for 6 weeks. Symptoms were recorded and scored during the 3-week study period and stool samples were obtained every day. The surrogate markers ECP, EPX and MPO were measured in the supernatants from feces samples. RESULTS: A significant increase in abdominal pain, distension and flatulence was observed during challenge, with a gradual decrease during elimination diet. Both between days and subjects, EPX levels were more frequently increased compared to ECP and MPO. Individuals with a history of a short duration of symptoms had significantly higher mean levels of EPX and MPO than those with a longer duration of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: An overall increase in levels of eosinophil markers, in particular EPX, was observed in feces from patients with food-related GI symptoms. However, rather than being a tool to differentiate symptomatic from non-symptomatic periods, EPX might be used for detecting an ongoing clinical or subclinical chronic inflammation, that may have an impact on the patient's clinical course of GI symptoms.
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| 8. |
- Magnusson, Jenny, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal intestinal inflammation in patients with birch pollen allergy
- 2003
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Ingår i: J Allergy Clin Immunol. ; 112:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The pathophysiologic interactions of inflammatory reactions between the mucosa of the respiratory tract and that of the gastrointestinal tract in individuals with allergy are poorly studied, despite the fact that allergic symptoms in the airways and the gastrointestinal tract might arise in the same patient. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the inflammatory response histologically by enumerating eosinophils, IgE+ cells, and T cells in duodenal biopsy specimens in adult patients with IgE-mediated birch pollen allergy during the birch pollen season and off-season. METHODS: Nine patients with birch pollen allergy verified by skin prick test and serum IgE antibodies were investigated toward the end of the birch pollen season and again 6 months later (off-season). Duodenal biopsy specimens were obtained and studied by immunostaining for the eosinophil major basic protein (MBP), IgE, and CD3+ T cells. RESULTS: Oral allergy syndrome to birch-associated foods was present in all patients as indicated by questionnaire. Duodenal increases of MBP+ eosinophils and IgE-bearing cells were found in the patients during the birch pollen season as compared with off-season. No seasonal differences in the T-cell numbers in these patients were seen. Off-season, there was no significant difference between the patients and the control subjects regarding the intestinal frequencies of MBP+ eosinophils, mucosal IgE+ cells, and T cells. CONCLUSION: Birch pollen exposure triggered a local inflammation with an increase in duodenal eosinophils and IgE-carrying mast cells in patients with allergy. Our study gives evidence for the interplay between immunologically active cells in the airways and the gut.
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