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- Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg H, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Increase in nitric oxide formation after chronic voluntary exercise in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Acta physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772. ; 162:2, s. 149-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of chronic voluntary exercise on the plasma level of nitrate, a major stable metabolite of nitric oxide (NO) was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Exercise consisted of spontaneous running in wheels for 3-35 days. Blood samples were collected after 3, 7, 14, 21 and 35 days of exercise and all samples were drawn after the running wheel had been locked during the preceding 12 h. The plasma nitrate level was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in SHR after 35 days of exercise. Surprisingly after 7 days of exercise a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the nitrate level in plasma was noted. Further research is needed to elucidate this biphasic change in nitrate seen in this study. The elevated level of plasma nitrate seen after 35 days of voluntary exercise was still present up to 36 h after termination of exercise. We conclude that exercise training in SHR elicits an enhanced formation of NO.
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- Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg H, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Somatic nerve stimulation and cholera-induced net fluid secretion in the small intestine of the rat: evidence for an opioid effect.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of the autonomic nervous system. - 0165-1838. ; 78:1, s. 18-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of somatic nerve stimulation on cholera toxin induced secretion was investigated in vivo in anaesthetised rats. Small intestinal secretion was induced with cholera toxin and measured by a gravimetric technique. Afferent stimulation (pulse frequency within train; 100 Hz; train duration: 50 ms; train frequency: 3 Hz) of the sciatic nerve over 30 min significantly reduced the net fluid secretion both during (P < 0.05) and after cessation of the stimulation (P < 0.01). The greatest effect was obtained immediately after the termination of the nerve stimulation when the secretion was reversed to net fluid absorption. The opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (10 mg kg(-1) i.v.) administrated during the stimulation, significantly inhibited the antisecretory effect seen after the stimulation, thus no significant difference was seen between the control period and the periods after cessation of the stimulation. The opioid receptor antagonist naloxone methiodide (10 mg kg(-1) i.v.), which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, partly inhibited the antisecretory effects but not with the same magnitude as naloxone, thus the net fluid secretion was still significantly inhibited after the stimulation (P < 0.05). We conclude that afferent stimulation of the sciatic nerve strongly inhibits the cholera toxin induced secretion in the small intestine. This inhibition involves primarily a central opioid mechanism and to a lesser extent peripheral opioid mechanism.
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- Paxton, RJ, et al.
(författare)
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Mating structure and nestmate relatedness in a communal bee, Andrena jacobi (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae), using microsatellites
- 1996
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Ingår i: MOLECULAR ECOLOGY. - : BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD. - 0962-1083. ; 5:4, s. 511-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complex eusocial insect societies are generally matrifilial, suggesting kin selection has been of importance in their development. For simpler social systems, factors favouring their existence, in particular kin selection, have rarely been studied. Commun
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- Saaf, M, et al.
(författare)
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Growth hormone treatment of osteoporotic postmenopausal women - a one-year placebo-controlled study
- 1999
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Ingår i: European journal of endocrinology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 140:5, s. 390-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of 12 months of growth hormone (GH) treatment on bone markers, bone mineral density (BMD), lean body mass (LBM) and body fat mass (BF) in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. DESIGN: Sixteen patients were randomised to a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled one-year study with daily s.c. injections of GH or placebo. After the first year 14 patients (8 placebo treated, 6 GH treated) were recruited to GH treatment during the second year. All patients were also supplemented with 0.5 g calcium per oral. METHODS: Bone mineral density and body composition were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Biochemical bone markers were analysed by RIA or HPLC techniques. Diurnal GH profiles were performed with continuous venous blood sampling. RESULTS: Sixteen patients started in the placebo-controlled study. In all, twelve patients completed one year and only four patients completed two years of GH treatment. At baseline 3 patients had serum insulin-like growth factor-I (S-IGF-I) levels below -2 S.D. for age. Maximal diurnal GH levels tended to correlate negatively with S-IGF-I (P=0.076). S-IGF-I was unrelated to BMD. Serum IGF-binding protein-1 (S-IGFBP-1) correlated negatively with femoral neck BMD (r=-0.61, P=0.012). The intended GH dose of 0.05U/kg/day or a maximum of 3U/day s.c. was reduced to 0.024+/-0.004U/kg/day, equal to 0.5-2.7U/day due to frequent side effects, and four patients were excluded. After one year of GH treatment BF increased slightly, LBM and BMD in total body and lumbar spine were unchanged but femoral neck BMD had decreased 3.4+/-1.6% (P<0.05). The mean S-IGF-I increase was 32% (range -38-138%). Mean levels of the bone formation markers S-osteocalcin and S-procollagen type I propeptide increased maximally by 88 and 36% respectively after 9-12 months while the bone resorption markers were unchanged. In the placebo-treated group there were no significant alterations. CONCLUSIONS: The effects on S-IGF-I, bone markers and LBM were small although GH-related side effects were common. The reason for this apparent partial resistance to the anabolic effects of GH is not clear but nutritional deficits may be involved. Assessment of the effects of GH on bone mass and fracture rate requires longer study periods than one year.
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- Sjöblom, K, et al.
(författare)
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Patient evaluation of a new injection pen for growth hormone treatment in children and adults.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). Supplement. - : Wiley. - 0803-5326 .- 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 411, s. 63-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate patients' perception and acceptance of a new multi-dose injection device (Genotropin Pen) for recombinant growth hormone (GH) supplied in a two-chamber cartridge. The pen is combined with a very thin needle (B-D Microfine + (29 G) and meets future demands when dosing of GH will be changed from International Units (IU) to milligrams (mg). A total of 39 children receiving GH treatment (East Hospital, Gothenburg and St Bartholomew's Hospital, London), aged between 7 and 17 years, and 39 GH-treated adults (Sahlgrenska Hospital, Gothenburg and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm), aged between 20 and 68 years, participated in the study. The daily dose ranged from 0.3 mg to 2.6 mg. The injections were given subcutaneously, once daily, and most of the patients used the thigh as an injection site. After a trial period of 2 weeks, injection technique, pain, fear of injection and convenience of the Genotropin Pen were compared with the experience with the prestudy device (Genotropin KabiPen 16, 16(8) or 36) by questionnaire. A total of 95% of the patients preferred the Genotropin Pen to the prestudy device for the following reasons: a greater certainty of correct dosing with the digital display; the possibility of correcting the set dose; the lock function of the injection button when injection is complete; more comfortable to hold due to the design and the plastic material; and reduced pain when injecting due to the thinner needles. Four patients (5%) preferred the prestudy device KabiPen as they considered this to be 'good enough'. Thus, the Genotropin Pen is a convenient injection device and most patients prefer it to the KabiPen.
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- Thorén, Peter A.
(författare)
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Mating structure and nestmate relatedness in primitively social hymenoptera as revealed by microsatellites
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mating structure and nestmate relatedness have been estimated in social Hymenoptera with different levels of sociality. Microsatellite markers have been developed for both communal bees (Andrena scottica) and for primetively eusocial wasps (Vespula rufa).In the communal bee, Andrena scottica, females of the same colony are not related to each other suggesting that the lack of inclusive fitness payoffs may effectively constrain their social evolution. There was a positive inbreeding coefficient for both examined populations of Andrena scottica as a result of a high degree of intranidal mating. This inbreeding did not lead to extensive production of diploid males as would be expected on the basis of the CSD (complementary sex determination) system of the honey bee, and thus Andrena scottica either avoids "matched matings", (i.e. either or both sexes refrain from mating with an individual carrying the same sex allele) or the sex determination departs from the honey bee model.The primitively eusocial wasp Dolichovespula saxonica is highly polyandrous.Queens (n=7) mated 4-11 times (mean 6.0) and the effective promiscuity, ke was 3.30-9.14 (mean 4.81). This resulted in low average relatedness among workers (gww=30-0.40; mean 0.37). On the contrary Dolichovespula media queens from three colonies mated with one male only. All males (n=80) originating from four D. saxonica colonies were produced by the queen, in agreement with the genetical interests of both the queen and the collective worker force ("worker policing"). One D. saxonica colony includedboth workers and male sexuals of two matrilines.Bombus hypnorum is a primitively eusocial bumble bee. Queens from 14 colonies had mated 1-5 times (mean 2.43) with an effective promiscuity of 1-2.8 (mean 1.40). Half of the colonies examined, inhabited alien workers. These workers could originate from an earlier nest usurpation event, and the colonies with such alien workers had on average a larger size. Alien workers together with polyandry results in high variation among colonies in sociogenetic organisation. Genetical data were consistent with the view that all males (n = 233 examined) were produced by a colony's queen, in conflictwith the collective worker interest.
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