| 1. |
- Barbu, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Dextran- versus crystalloid-based prime in cardiac surgery: A prospective randomized pilot study.
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Annals of thoracic surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1552-6259 .- 0003-4975. ; 110:5, s. 1541-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optimum priming fluid for the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit is still debated. We compared a new hyperoncotic priming solution containing dextran 40, which has an electrolyte composition that mimics extracellular fluid, with a standard crystalloid-based prime.Eighty cardiac surgery patients were included in this double-blind randomized single-centre study. The patients were randomized to either a dextran-based prime or a crystalloid prime containing Ringer acetate and mannitol. The primary endpoint was colloid oncotic pressure (COP) in serum during CPB. Secondary endpoints included fluid balance, bleeding and transfusion requirements, pulmonary function, hemolysis, systemic inflammation, and markers of renal, hepatic, myocardial, and brain injury. Blood samples were collected before, during, and after CPB.COP was higher in the dextran group than in the crystalloid prime group on CPB (18.8±2.9 vs. 16.4±2.9 mmHg, p<0.001) and 10 min after CPB (19.2±2.7 vs. 16.8±2.9 mmHg, p<0.001). Patients in the dextran group required less intravenous fluid during CPB (1090±499 vs. 1437±543 ml; p=0.003) and net fluid balance was less positive 12h after surgery (+1,431±741 vs. +1,901±922 ml; p=0.014). Plasma free hemoglobin was significantly lower in the dextran group 2h after CPB (0.18±0.11 vs 0.41±0.33, p=0.001). There were no significant differences in bleeding, transfusion requirements, organ function, systemic inflammation, or brain and myocardial injury markers between the groups at any time point.Our results suggest that a hyperoncotic dextran-based priming solution preserves intraoperative COP compared to crystalloid prime. Larger studies with clinically valid endpoints are necessary to evaluate hyperoncotic prime solutions further.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ekström, Ylva, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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En studie om att leda digitala transformationer i komplexa verksamheter : Institutionella normer, fysiska rum och digitala verktyg
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande rapport sammanfattar forskningsprojektet “Att leda digital transformation av fysiska rum” som genomförts av forskare vid Uppsala universitet i samverkan med tre partnerorganisationer: Uppsala stadsteater, Svenska Kyrkan, och en nordeuropeisk finanskoncern med huvudkontor i Sverige; projektet samfinansierades av Vinnova under åren 2019-2020. Projektets syfte var att utveckla kunskap om, och verktyg för förståelse av, hur det fysiska rummet och dess digitalisering påverkar interaktionen mellan aktörer bland annat med avseende på kommunikation, tillit och legitimitet. Projektet har genomförts som en komparativ studie av dessa tre tämligen skilda organisationer, som kommit olika långt i relation till digital transformation av deras respektive verksamheter. Forskarna har genomfört intervjuer och observationer på de tre partnerorganisationerna samt gemensamma och organisations-överskridande diskussioner och analyser vid ett flertal workshoppar, där såväl forskare som representanter från partnerorganisationerna deltagit. Rapporten presenterar resultat i form av beskrivningar av specifika situationer i respektive partnerorganisation med betoning på digitaliseringsprocesser med direkt inverkan på det fysiska rummet och de utmaningar som detta leder till. Vidare presenteras analyser och insikter i relation till utmaningarna som digitaliseringen kan ge upphov till och generella, normativa rekommendationer för att vägleda organisationer genom digitala transformationsprocesser. I analysen har framför allt institutionella logiker tillämpats som teoretiskt perspektiv. Studien påvisar betydelsen som de fysiska platserna (t.ex. kontor, scen) utgör för skilda verksamheter, och att användningen av digitala verktyg med syfte att eliminera användningen av fysiska platser kan ge upphov till oförutsedda konsekvenser.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Groop, Per-Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of dapagliflozin as an adjunct to insulin over 52 weeks in individuals with type 1 diabetes : post-hoc renal analysis of the DEPICT randomised controlled trials
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 2213-8587 .- 2213-8595. ; 8:10, s. 845-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The DEPICT-1 and DEPICT-2 studies showed that dapagliflozin as an adjunct to insulin in individuals with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes improved glycaemic control and bodyweight, without increase in risk of hypoglycaemia. We aimed to determine the effect of dapagliflozin on urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using pooled data from the DEPICT studies.Methods: In this post-hoc analysis, we used data pooled from both DEPICT studies (DEPICT-1 ran from Nov 11, 2014, to Aug 25, 2017; DEPICT-2 ran from July 8, 2015, to April 18, 2018), in which participants were aged 18-75 years, with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes and with a baseline UACR of at least 30 mg/g. In the DEPICT studies, participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive dapagliflozin (5 mg or 10 mg) or placebo all plus insulin, for 24 weeks, with a 28-week long-term extension (ie, 52 weeks in total). In this post-hoc analysis, we assessed the percentage change from baseline in UACR and in eGFR, up to 52 weeks. UACR, eGFR, and safety were assessed in all eligible participants who had received at least one dose of study drug. HbA 1c, bodyweight, and systolic blood pressure were assessed in all participants who received at least one dose of study drug during the first 24-week period, and who had a baseline and any post-baseline assessment for that parameter. The DEPICT trials were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02268214 (DEPICT-1), NCT02460978 (DEPICT-2), and are now complete.Results: 251 participants with albuminuria at baseline were included in this post-hoc analysis; of whom 80 (32%) had been randomly assigned to dapagliflozin 5 mg, 84 (33%) to dapagliflozin 10 mg, and 87 (35%) to placebo. Compared with placebo, treatment with both dapagliflozin doses improved UACR over 52 weeks. At week 52, mean difference in change from baseline versus placebo in UACR was -13.3% (95% CI -37.2 to 19.8) for dapagliflozin 5 mg and -31.1% (-49.9 to -5.2) for dapagliflozin 10 mg. No notable change from baseline was seen in eGFR, with a mean difference in change from baseline versus placebo of 3.27 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) (95% CI -0.92 to 7.45) for dapagliflozin 5 mg and 2.12 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) (-2.03 to 6.27) for dapagliflozin 10 mg. Similar proportions of participants in each treatment group had adverse events and serious adverse events, including hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis; no new safety signals were identified in this population.Interpretation: Treatment with dapagliflozin resulted in UACR reduction, which might provide renoprotective benefits in individuals with type 1 diabetes and albuminuria. Dedicated prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings as prespecified endpoints.
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| 6. |
- Hallin, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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De värsta konsekvenserna av Babet ligger framför oss
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sydsvenskan. - 1652-814X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Debattartikel om kustskydd och brister i framförhållningen inför kommande stormar under Aktuella frågor i Sydsvenskan.
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| 7. |
- Himes, Austin, et al.
(författare)
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Why nature matters : A systematic review of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values
- 2024
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Ingår i: BioScience. - : Oxford University Press. - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 74:1, s. 25-43
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we present results from a literature review of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values of nature conducted for the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, as part of the Methodological Assessment of the Diverse Values and Valuations of Nature. We identify the most frequently recurring meanings in the heterogeneous use of different value types and their association with worldviews and other key concepts. From frequent uses, we determine a core meaning for each value type, which is sufficiently inclusive to serve as an umbrella over different understandings in the literature and specific enough to help highlight its difference from the other types of values. Finally, we discuss convergences, overlapping areas, and fuzzy boundaries between different value types to facilitate dialogue, reduce misunderstandings, and improve the methods for valuation of nature's contributions to people, including ecosystem services, to inform policy and direct future research.
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| 8. |
- Kause, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
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Confidence levels and likelihood terms in IPCC reports : a survey of experts from different scientific disciplines
- 2022
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Ingår i: Climatic Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0165-0009 .- 1573-1480. ; 173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scientific assessments, such as those by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), inform policymakers and the public about the state of scientific evidence and related uncertainties. We studied how experts from different scientific disciplines who were authors of IPCC reports, interpret the uncertainty language recommended in the Guidance Note for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Consistent Treatment of Uncertainties. This IPCC guidance note discusses how to use confidence levels to describe the quality of evidence and scientific agreement, as well likelihood terms to describe the probability intervals associated with climate variables. We find that (1) physical science experts were more familiar with the IPCC guidance note than other experts, and they followed it more often; (2) experts’ confidence levels increased more with perceptions of evidence than with agreement; (3) experts’ estimated probability intervals for climate variables were wider when likelihood terms were presented with “medium confidence” rather than with “high confidence” and when seen in context of IPCC sentences rather than out of context, and were only partly in agreement with the IPCC guidance note. Our findings inform recommendations for communications about scientific evidence, assessments, and related uncertainties.
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| 9. |
- Larson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Putting ’fika’ at the top of the agenda – Research and industrial opportunities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Presented at Stockholm Gastronomy Conference, Tore Wretman Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden, November 23-25, 2023. - Stockholm.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ‘Fika’, the Swedish definition of a causal break, the coffee or tea with pastries and the inclusive meeting point for friends, relatives, colleagues, or business partners signify a central part of everyday life in Sweden. Fika takes many different forms – most of us have fika multiple times a day. The practice of doing fika reaches well beyond the food and beverage consumption that may be what comes first to mind. Relationships are formed, personal and business decisions are made, all in the context of a relaxed atmosphere – the basic intention with fika.The idea of fika has reached beyond the Swedish borders. It has become an increasingly known cultural concept in other countries. Therefore, fika is often used by Swedish companies not only to consider the positive work atmosphere but also in their branding efforts. Fika is also used in destination marketing to attract tourists. We can therefore talk about fika from a social, tourism, and business point of view, and the culinary aspects seem almost endless. Yet there is surprisingly little about fika from a research point of view. We believe that fika has a vast potential to create more positive values and industrial opportunities than it currently does but to achieve that we need more knowledge about fika.How can research facilitate industrial opportunities? This question sets the agenda for what we want to explore. How does interdisciplinary research enhance knowledge of fika in such a way that it can lead to positive spin-offs for the industry? A consortium of researchers from different fields, together with representatives from the industry, are currently aiming to explore these questions.
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| 10. |
- Monstad, Therese, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The Communicative Constitution of Organizations in an Era of Re-materialization : A Case Study of Three Organizations
- 2024. - 1 uppl
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Ingår i: Organizational Communication in the Digital Era. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 9783031583063 - 9783031583070 ; , s. 253-272
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter discusses the challenges and opportunities of digital transformation from the perspective of three organizations based on continuous interview and observation data gathered between late 2018 and the end of 2020. The purpose of such a discussion is to understand the importance of spatial co-existence and the significance of spatiality for meaningful organizational interaction. In other words—what happens to organizational members and the constitution, preservation and development of organizations, when the activity of “work” becomes detached from space? Of course, space or location matters more for some than others. For a telemarketer, space might be entirely insignificant, while for the priest and church-goer or the actor and theater-goer, the act of “going” somewhere to experience something is as important as what happens at the location, making the church and stage places that in themselves carry significance. This importance is represented in how churches and theater buildings often are majestic architectural achievements similar to other institutions of cultural, societal or financial importance that are housed in impressive locations such as banks, governments, court houses and universities.To discuss these questions, we draw on theories and perspectives of the communicative constitution of organizations (CCO) (e.g., Brummans et. al., 2014; Cooren, 2006; Putnam & Nicotera, 2009; Schoeneborn et al., 2018; Taylor & Van Every, 2000), and present a Sweden-based multisite case study (Ekström et al., 2021) of digital transformation consisting of three organizations whose common trait is that their core activities have historically speaking been dependent on either a physical location, physical spaces or face-to-face meetings. The three organizations in question are a major European financial institute, a church organization and a city theater—all institutions of traditional architectural and societal importance. As our relationship with these organizations deepened over the course of the pandemic, it allowed us as researchers to glimpse how digitalization has affected each one over time, and how each organization’s perspective of the challenges and opportunities of digitalization shifted and evolved before and throughout the pandemic.
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| 11. |
- Nagatsu, Michiru, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability science as a management science : Beyond the natural-social divide
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Global epistemologies and philosophies of science. - London : Routledge. - 9780367461379
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we argue that to understand the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary dialectics in sustainability science, it is useful to see sustainability science as a kind of management science, and then to highlight the hard–soft distinction in systems thinking. First, we argue that the commonly made natural–social science dichotomy is relatively unimportant and unhelpful. We then outline the differences between soft and hard systems thinking as a more relevant and helpful distinction, mainly as a difference between perspectives in systemic modeling toward models. We also illustrate that the distinction is methodologically useful to advance sustainability science by enabling us: (1) to suggest novel ways of using existing theoretical, experimental, and computational resources of the sciences for renewable resource management, and (2) to disentangle disciplinary disagreements in climate science.
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| 12. |
- Olsson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Ethics of Probabilistic Extreme Event Attribution in Climate Change Science : A Critique
- 2022
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Ingår i: Earth's Future. - 2328-4277. ; 10:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The question whether a single extreme climate event, such as a hurricane or heatwave, can be attributed to human induced climate change has become a vibrant field of research and discussion in recent years. Proponents of the most common approach (probabilistic event attribution) argue for using single event attribution for advancing climate policy, not least in the context of loss and damages, while critics are raising concerns about inductive risks which may result in misguided policies. Here, we present six ethical predicaments, rooted in epistemic choices of single event attribution for policy making, with a focus on problems related to loss and damage. Our results show that probabilistic event attribution is particularly sensitive to these predicaments, rendering the choice of method value laden and hence political. Our review shows how the putatively apolitical approach becomes political and deeply problematic from a climate justice perspective. We also suggest that extreme event attribution (EEA) is becoming more and more irrelevant for projecting loss and damages as socio-ecological systems are increasingly destabilized by climate change. We conclude by suggesting a more causality driven approach for understanding loss and damage, that is, less prone to the ethical predicaments of EEA.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Soininen, Niko, et al.
(författare)
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Bridge over troubled water : Managing compatibility and conflict among thought collectives in sustainability science
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainability Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-4057 .- 1862-4065. ; 17:1, s. 27-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability transformations call forth new forms and systems of knowledge across society. However, few tools and processes exist for promoting dialogue among different interests and normative stances in knowledge co-creation. In this article, we build on the notion of thought collectives to argue that understanding and moderating normative tensions are necessary if sustainability science is to provide successful solutions. Drawing on an analysis of the normative tensions between rival high-tech and low-tech thought collectives in the mobility and food production sectors, we discuss three strategic approaches: applying common evaluative frameworks, building contextual convergence and embracing complexity. We argue that these strategies indicate a need to distinguish different kinds of reflexivity in managing tensions among thought collectives. As a practical conclusion, we establish sets of reflexive questions to help sustainability scientists deploy the knowledge management strategies discussed.
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| 16. |
- Thorén, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Compared with matched controls, patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) have increased long-term AF after CABG, and POAF is further associated with increased ischemic stroke, heart failure and mortality even after adjustment for AF.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Research in Cardiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1861-0684 .- 1861-0692. ; 109:10, s. 1232-1242
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To analyze (1) associations between postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after CABG and long-term cardiovascular outcome, (2) whether associations were influenced by AF during follow-up, and (3) if morbidities associated with POAF contribute to mortality.METHODS: An observational cohort study of 7145 in-hospital survivors after isolated CABG (1996-2012), with preoperative sinus rhythm and without AF history. Incidence of AF was compared with matched controls. Time-updated covariates were used to adjust for POAF-related morbidities during follow-up, including AF.RESULTS: Thirty-one percent of patients developed POAF. Median follow-up was 9.8 years. POAF patients had increased AF compared with matched controls (HR 3.03; 95% CI 2.66-3.49), while AF occurrence in non-POAF patients was similar to controls (1.00; 0.89-1.13). The observed AF increase among POAF patients compared with controls persisted over time (> 10 years 2.73; 2.13-3.51). Conversely, the non-POAF cohort showed no AF increase beyond the first postoperative year. Further, POAF was associated with long-term AF (adjusted HR 3.20; 95% CI 2.73-3.76), ischemic stroke (1.23; 1.06-1.42), heart failure (1.44; 1.27-1.63), overall mortality (1.21; 1.11-1.32), cardiac mortality (1.35; 1.18-1.54), and cerebrovascular mortality (1.54; 1.17-2.02). These associations remained after adjustment for AF during follow-up. Adjustment for other POAF-associated morbidities weakened the association between POAF and overall mortality, which became non-significant.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with POAF after CABG had three times the incidence of long-term AF compared with both non-POAF patients and matched controls. POAF was associated with long-term ischemic stroke, heart failure, and corresponding mortality even after adjustment for AF during follow-up. The increased overall mortality was partly explained by morbidities associated with POAF.
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| 17. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A pluralist approach to epistemic dilemmas in event attribution science
- 2021
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Ingår i: Climatic Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0165-0009 .- 1573-1480. ; 169:1-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, a dispute has arisen within detection and attribution science concerning the appropriate methodology for associating individual weather events with anthropogenic climate change. In recent contributions, it has been highlighted that this conflict is seemingly misconstrued even by those participating in it and actually concerns a mixture of first and second order so-called inductive risk considerations—in short, it is about values and the role values should have in science. In this paper, we analyze this methodological conflict and examine the inductive risk considerations and argue that there is also another dimension to consider with respect to values that have to do with what detection and attribution science is for. We suggest a framework for understanding this as a kind of problem-feeding situation and thus an issue of problem–solution coordination between different contexts, where the problem is solved versus where the solution is put to use. This has important implications, not least for whether we should understand this conflict as a genuine methodological one or not.
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| 18. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Critical social science and resilience
- 2021
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Ingår i: Routledge Handbook of Social and Ecological Resilience.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Interdisciplinarity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Situating Sustainability : A Handbook of Contexts and Concepts - A Handbook of Contexts and Concepts. - 9789523690516 ; , s. 21-37
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability science is fundamentally an interdisciplinary venture, but what does this interdisciplinarity imply in practice? And how can, and should, we think about interdisciplinarity more generally? These are important philosophical and methodological questions for sustainability science, the answers to which remain at least partially out of sight for a variety of reasons. This chapter has three main aims. First, it provides a discussion of various dimensions of interdisciplinarity and how it can be understood from a philosophical perspective. Second, a historical perspective.
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| 20. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Model uncertainty, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the science-policy interface
- 2024
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Ingår i: Royal Society Open Science. - 2054-5703. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic illustrated many of the challenges with using science to guide planning and policymaking. One such challenge has to do with how to manage, represent and communicate uncertainties in epidemiological models. This is considerably complicated, we argue, by the fact that the models themselves are often instrumental in structuring the involved uncertainties. In this paper we explore how models 'domesticate' uncertainties and what this implies for science-for-policy. We analyse three examples of uncertainty domestication in models of COVID-19 and argue that we need to pay more attention to how uncertainties are domesticated in models used for policy support, and the many ways in which uncertainties are domesticated within particular models can fail to fit with the needs and demands of policymakers and planners.
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| 21. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Models and integration
- 2021
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Ingår i: Integrated science : Science without borders - Science without borders. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030652722 ; , s. 145-160
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Models can be used as integrative devices in scientific practice, as well as at the science-policy interface, in many different ways. In this chapter, three ways in which models can function as such devices are discussed. As themselves, the locus of the integration of different kinds of epistemic components, as coupled and modular structures that integrate other models, and as boundary objects that, in virtue of their position in a particular situation, can facilitate integration and interdisciplinarity. A single model can be integrative in all three ways at one and the same time. Special attention is paid to the collaborative aspects of interdisciplinarity and how various forms of integration can support such efforts.
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| 22. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Problem-Feeding as a Model for Interdisciplinary Research
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Studies in the Philosophy of Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-8595 .- 1469-9281. ; 36:1, s. 39-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Philosophers of science have in recent years become increasingly interested in the notion of interdisciplinarity. One important form interdisciplinarity can take is that of a dynamic exchange of problems and solutions between disciplines— what has recently been called problem-feeding. On this model problems arising within specific disciplines are sometimes solved more effectively by, or in collaboration with, other disciplines. In this paper we explore this model as a framework for thinking about, and actively structuring, interdisciplinary research. We point to the applicability of the problem-feeding model, and to some of the prerequisites of problem-feeding interdisciplinarity, highlighting in particular the harmonisation of goals and the establishment of mutual trust between disciplines.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience
- 2021
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Ingår i: Situating Sustainability : A Handbook of Context and Concepts - A Handbook of Context and Concepts. - 9789523690516 ; , s. 79-90
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resilience is a concept that is both foundational and, at the same time, relentlessly controversial in sustainability science. It is supposed to both provide a fundamental insight into how complex adaptive systems behave—an insight with substantial normative consequences—and serve as an interdisciplinary bridge linking the disparate worlds of the natural and the social sciences. Yet the concept of resilience is famously messy, along several conceptual dimensions, and seems to have become messier with time.In order to better understand the potential and limitations of resilience in sustainability science, as well as explain why the concept has changed in the way that it has, it is useful to trace the notion back to its conceptual roots: the ecological debates of the late 1960s and early 1970s. The specific conditions under which the concept was deployed in that context have not persisted, as resilience has been incorporated into sustainability science. Narrow theoretical debates and formal styles of reasoning have been replaced with interdisciplinarity and solution-orientedness. The new context neither demands nor supports the fine concepts that were once so crucial for ecologists.
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| 25. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific models in legal judgements : The relationship between law and environmental science as problem-feeding
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-9011. ; 124, s. 478-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Legal decision-making often relies on scientific knowledge and information of other kinds, not least in environmental law where legal institutions use environmental modeling to, for example, project expected effects of projects when approving or denying permits. In this paper, using the problem-feeding model of interdisciplinarity, we analyze this relationship as an exchange of problems and solutions between different communities of expertise. Drawing on recent examples from Finland, we use the problem-feeding model to explore the conditions under which problem-solution coordination breaks down. We argue that tensions between the notions of uncertainty used by the different communities of expertise can lead to differing understandings of the way the relationship between legal institutions and scientific experts works, and that this may disrupt the orderly exchange of problems and solutions. We illustrate our views in a fictional discussion between a lawyer and a modeler.
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| 26. |
- Traynor, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Single-cell sequencing unveils extensive intratumoral heterogeneity of cancer/testis antigen expression in melanoma and lung cancer
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER. - 2051-1426. ; 12:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) are widely expressed in melanoma and lung cancer, emerging as promising targets for vaccination strategies and T-cell-based therapies in these malignancies. Despite recognizing the essential impact of intratumoral heterogeneity on clinical responses to immunotherapy, our understanding of intratumoral heterogeneity in CTA expression has remained limited. We employed single-cell mRNA sequencing to delineate the CTA expression profiles of cancer cells in clinically derived melanoma and lung cancer samples. Our findings reveal a high degree of intratumoral transcriptional heterogeneity in CTA expression. In melanoma, every cell expressed at least one CTA. However, most individual CTAs, including the widely used therapeutic targets NY-ESO-1 and MAGE, were confined to subpopulations of cells and were uncoordinated in their expression, resulting in mosaics of cancer cells with diverse CTA profiles. Coordinated expression was observed, however, mainly among highly structurally and evolutionarily related CTA genes. Importantly, a minor subset of CTAs, including PRAME and several members of the GAGE and MAGE-A families, were homogenously expressed in melanomas, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets. Extensive heterogeneity in CTA expression was also observed in lung cancer. However, the frequency of CTA-positive cancer cells was notably lower and homogenously expressed CTAs were only identified in one of five tumors in this cancer type. Our findings underscore the need for careful CTA target selection in immunotherapy development and clinical testing and offer a rational framework for identifying the most promising candidates.
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| 27. |
- Åhman, Henrik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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When Facebook Becomes Faithbook : Exploring Religious Communication in a Social Media Context
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Media + Society. - : Sage Publications. - 2056-3051. ; 7:3, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Processes of digitalization continue to have a profound effect on many old, traditional organizations. In institutions such as banks, theaters, and churches, established structures and practices are being challenged by digitization in general and the participatory logic of social media in particular. This article draws on Mark C. Taylor’s concepts of figuring and disfiguring to analyze empirical data gathered from the Church of Sweden Facebook page. The aim is to discuss how social media affects the conditions for religious communication and what the consequences are for a traditional religious organization such as the Church of Sweden.
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