| 1. |
- Kang, E. Y., et al.
(författare)
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MCM3 is a novel proliferation marker associated with longer survival for patients with tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma
- 2022
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Ingår i: Virchows Archiv. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0945-6317 .- 1432-2307. ; 480, s. 855-871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) are highly proliferative neoplasms that generally respond well to platinum/taxane chemotherapy. We recently identified minichromosome maintenance complex component 3 (MCM3), which is involved in the initiation of DNA replication and proliferation, as a favorable prognostic marker in HGSC. Our objective was to further validate whether MCM3 mRNA expression and possibly MCM3 protein levels are associated with survival in patients with HGSC. MCM3 mRNA expression was measured using NanoString expression profiling on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue (N = 2355 HGSC) and MCM3 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (N = 522 HGSC) and compared with Ki-67. Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate associations with survival. Among chemotherapy-naive HGSC, higher MCM3 mRNA expression (one standard deviation increase in the score) was associated with longer overall survival (HR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.81-0.92, p < 0.0001, N = 1840) in multivariable analysis. MCM3 mRNA expression was highest in the HGSC C5.PRO molecular subtype, although no interaction was observed between MCM3, survival and molecular subtypes. MCM3 and Ki-67 protein levels were significantly lower after exposure to neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy-naive tumors: 37.0% versus 46.4% and 22.9% versus 34.2%, respectively. Among chemotherapy-naive HGSC, high MCM3 protein levels were also associated with significantly longer disease-specific survival (HR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.36-0.74, p = 0.0003, N = 392) compared to cases with low MCM3 protein levels in multivariable analysis. MCM3 immunohistochemistry is a promising surrogate marker of proliferation in HGSC.
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| 2. |
- Al Kharusi, S., et al.
(författare)
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SNEWS 2.0 : a next-generation supernova early warning system for multi-messenger astronomy
- 2021
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Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 23:3
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The next core-collapse supernova in the Milky Way or its satellites will represent a once-in-a-generation opportunity to obtain detailed information about the explosion of a star and provide significant scientific insight for a variety of fields because of the extreme conditions found within. Supernovae in our galaxy are not only rare on a human timescale but also happen at unscheduled times, so it is crucial to be ready and use all available instruments to capture all possible information from the event. The first indication of a potential stellar explosion will be the arrival of a bright burst of neutrinos. Its observation by multiple detectors worldwide can provide an early warning for the subsequent electromagnetic fireworks, as well as signal to other detectors with significant backgrounds so they can store their recent data. The supernova early warning system (SNEWS) has been operating as a simple coincidence between neutrino experiments in automated mode since 2005. In the current era of multi-messenger astronomy there are new opportunities for SNEWS to optimize sensitivity to science from the next galactic supernova beyond the simple early alert. This document is the product of a workshop in June 2019 towards design of SNEWS 2.0, an upgraded SNEWS with enhanced capabilities exploiting the unique advantages of prompt neutrino detection to maximize the science gained from such a valuable event.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Zurcher, N. R., et al.
(författare)
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C-11 PBR28 MR-PET imaging reveals lower regional brain expression of translocator protein (TSPO) in young adult males with autism spectrum disorder
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mechanisms of neuroimmune and mitochondrial dysfunction have been repeatedly implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To examine these mechanisms in ASD individuals, we measured the in vivo expression of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), an activated glial marker expressed on mitochondrial membranes. Participants underwent scanning on a simultaneous magnetic resonance-positron emission tomography (MR-PET) scanner with the second-generation TSPO radiotracer [C-11]PBR28. By comparing TSPO in 15 young adult males with ASD with 18 age- and sex-matched controls, we showed that individuals with ASD exhibited lower regional TSPO expression in several brain regions, including the bilateral insular cortex, bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral temporal, angular, and supramarginal gyri, which have previously been implicated in autism in functional MR imaging studies. No brain region exhibited higher regional TSPO expression in the ASD group compared with the control group. A subset of participants underwent a second MR-PET scan after a median interscan interval of 3.6 months, and we determined that TSPO expression over this period of time was stable and replicable. Furthermore, voxelwise analysis confirmed lower regional TSPO expression in ASD at this later time point. Lower TSPO expression in ASD could reflect abnormalities in neuroimmune processes or mitochondrial dysfunction.
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| 5. |
- Park, J, et al.
(författare)
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Gene-Environment Interactions Relevant to Estrogen and Risk of Breast Cancer: Can Gene-Environment Interactions Be Detected Only among Candidate SNPs from Genome-Wide Association Studies?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 13:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we aim to examine gene–environment interactions (GxEs) between genes involved with estrogen metabolism and environmental factors related to estrogen exposure. GxE analyses were conducted with 1970 Korean breast cancer cases and 2052 controls in the case-control study, the Seoul Breast Cancer Study (SEBCS). A total of 11,555 SNPs from the 137 candidate genes were included in the GxE analyses with eight established environmental factors. A replication test was conducted by using an independent population from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), with 62,485 Europeans and 9047 Asians. The GxE tests were performed by using two-step methods in GxEScan software. Two interactions were found in the SEBCS. The first interaction was shown between rs13035764 of NCOA1 and age at menarche in the GE|2df model (p-2df = 1.2 × 10−3). The age at menarche before 14 years old was associated with the high risk of breast cancer, and the risk was higher when subjects had homozygous minor allele G. The second GxE was shown between rs851998 near ESR1 and height in the GE|2df model (p-2df = 1.1 × 10−4). Height taller than 160 cm was associated with a high risk of breast cancer, and the risk increased when the minor allele was added. The findings were not replicated in the BCAC. These results would suggest specificity in Koreans for breast cancer risk.
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| 6. |
- Axfors, Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19 from an international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substantial COVID-19 research investment has been allocated to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, which currently face recruitment challenges or early discontinuation. We aim to estimate the effects of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine on survival in COVID-19 from all currently available RCT evidence, published and unpublished. We present a rapid meta-analysis of ongoing, completed, or discontinued RCTs on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine treatment for any COVID-19 patients (protocol: https://osf.io/QESV4/). We systematically identified unpublished RCTs (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Cochrane COVID-registry up to June 11, 2020), and published RCTs (PubMed, medRxiv and bioRxiv up to October 16, 2020). All-cause mortality has been extracted (publications/preprints) or requested from investigators and combined in random-effects meta-analyses, calculating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), separately for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. Prespecified subgroup analyses include patient setting, diagnostic confirmation, control type, and publication status. Sixty-three trials were potentially eligible. We included 14 unpublished trials (1308 patients) and 14 publications/preprints (9011 patients). Results for hydroxychloroquine are dominated by RECOVERY and WHO SOLIDARITY, two highly pragmatic trials, which employed relatively high doses and included 4716 and 1853 patients, respectively (67% of the total sample size). The combined OR on all-cause mortality for hydroxychloroquine is 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.20; I-2=0%; 26 trials; 10,012 patients) and for chloroquine 1.77 (95%CI: 0.15, 21.13, I-2=0%; 4 trials; 307 patients). We identified no subgroup effects. We found that treatment with hydroxychloroquine is associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients, and there is no benefit of chloroquine. Findings have unclear generalizability to outpatients, children, pregnant women, and people with comorbidities. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have been investigated as a potential treatment for Covid-19 in several clinical trials. Here the authors report a meta-analysis of published and unpublished trials, and show that treatment with hydroxychloroquine for patients with Covid-19 was associated with increased mortality, and there was no benefit from chloroquine.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Brusaferri, L., et al.
(författare)
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The pandemic brain: Neuroinflammation in non-infected individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591. ; 102, s. 89-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While COVID-19 research has seen an explosion in the literature, the impact of pandemic-related societal and lifestyle disruptions on brain health among the uninfected remains underexplored. However, a global increase in the prevalence of fatigue, brain fog, depression and other “sickness behavior”-like symptoms implicates a possible dysregulation in neuroimmune mechanisms even among those never infected by the virus. We compared fifty-seven ‘Pre-Pandemic’ and fifteen ‘Pandemic’ datasets from individuals originally enrolled as control subjects for various completed, or ongoing, research studies available in our records, with a confirmed negative test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We used a combination of multimodal molecular brain imaging (simultaneous positron emission tomography / magnetic resonance spectroscopy), behavioral measurements, imaging transcriptomics and serum testing to uncover links between pandemic-related stressors and neuroinflammation. Healthy individuals examined after the enforcement of 2020 lockdown/stay-at-home measures demonstrated elevated brain levels of two independent neuroinflammatory markers (the 18 kDa translocator protein, TSPO, and myoinositol) compared to pre-lockdown subjects. The serum levels of two inflammatory markers (interleukin-16 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) were also elevated, although these effects did not reach statistical significance after correcting for multiple comparisons. Subjects endorsing higher symptom burden showed higher TSPO signal in the hippocampus (mood alteration, mental fatigue), intraparietal sulcus and precuneus (physical fatigue), compared to those reporting little/no symptoms. Post-lockdown TSPO signal changes were spatially aligned with the constitutive expression of several genes involved in immune/neuroimmune functions. This work implicates neuroimmune activation as a possible mechanism underlying the non-virally-mediated symptoms experienced by many during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies will be needed to corroborate and further interpret these preliminary findings. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
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| 9. |
- Kok, Gautam, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of ARS deficiencies with specific amino acids
- 2021
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Ingår i: Genetics in Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1098-3600. ; 23:11, s. 2202-2207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Recessive cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) deficiencies are severe multiorgan diseases, with limited treatment options. By loading transfer RNAs (tRNAs) with their cognate amino acids, ARS are essential for protein translation. However, it remains unknown why ARS deficiencies lead to specific symptoms, especially early life and during infections. We set out to increase pathophysiological insight and improve therapeutic possibilities. Methods: In fibroblasts from patients with isoleucyl-RS (IARS), leucyl-RS (LARS), phenylalanyl-RS-beta-subunit (FARSB), and seryl-RS (SARS) deficiencies, we investigated aminoacylation activity, thermostability, and sensitivity to ARS-specific amino acid concentrations, and developed personalized treatments. Results: Aminoacylation activity was reduced in all patients, and further diminished at 38.5/40 °C (PLARS and PFARSB), consistent with infectious deteriorations. With lower cognate amino acid concentrations, patient fibroblast growth was severely affected. To prevent local and/or temporal deficiencies, we treated patients with corresponding amino acids (follow-up: 1/2–2 2/3rd years), and intensified treatment during infections. All patients showed beneficial treatment effects, most strikingly in growth (without tube feeding), head circumference, development, coping with infections, and oxygen dependency. Conclusion: For these four ARS deficiencies, we observed a common disease mechanism of episodic insufficient aminoacylation to meet translational demands and illustrate the power of amino acid supplementation for the expanding ARS patient group. Moreover, we provide a strategy for personalized preclinical functional evaluation.
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| 10. |
- Parchenko, Sergii, et al.
(författare)
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Orbital dynamics during an ultrafast insulator to metal transition
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review Research. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2643-1564. ; 2:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present ultrafast resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments performed at the vanadium L edge to track changes in the electronic structure of V2O3, a classical Mott-Hubbard material. The probed orbital excitations within the d shell of the V ion show a sub-ps time response, which evolves at later times to a state that appears electronically indistinguishable from the high-temperature metallic state. For low excitation fluences, a transient recovery or delay is observed, which could be related to a transient dimerization of the V-V bonds. Our results demonstrate the great potential for RIXS spectroscopy to study the ultrafast orbital dynamics in strongly correlated materials.
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| 11. |
- Shu, X, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of novel breast cancer susceptibility loci in meta-analyses conducted among Asian and European descendants
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1, s. 1217-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Known risk variants explain only a small proportion of breast cancer heritability, particularly in Asian women. To search for additional genetic susceptibility loci for breast cancer, here we perform a meta-analysis of data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted in Asians (24,206 cases and 24,775 controls) and European descendants (122,977 cases and 105,974 controls). We identified 31 potential novel loci with the lead variant showing an association with breast cancer risk at P < 5 × 10−8. The associations for 10 of these loci were replicated in an independent sample of 16,787 cases and 16,680 controls of Asian women (P < 0.05). In addition, we replicated the associations for 78 of the 166 known risk variants at P < 0.05 in Asians. These findings improve our understanding of breast cancer genetics and etiology and extend previous findings from studies of European descendants to Asian women.
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| 12. |
- Wang, Qisi, et al.
(författare)
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High-Temperature Charge-Stripe Correlations in La1.675Eu0.2Sr0.125CuO4
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 124:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use resonant inelastic x-ray scattering to investigate charge-stripe correlations in La1.675Eu0.2Sr0.125CuO4. By differentiating elastic from inelastic scattering, it is demonstrated that charge-stripe correlations precede both the structural low-temperature tetragonal phase and the transport-defined pseudogap onset. The scattering peak amplitude from charge stripes decays approximately as T-2 towards our detection limit. The in-plane integrated intensity, however, remains roughly temperature independent. Therefore, although the incommensurability shows a remarkably large increase at high temperature, our results are interpreted via a single scattering constituent. In fact, direct comparison to other stripe-ordered compounds (La1.875Ba0.125CuO4, La1.475Nd0.4Sr0.125CuO4, and La1.875Sr0.125CuO4) suggests a roughly constant integrated scattering intensity across all these compounds. Our results therefore provide a unifying picture for the charge-stripe ordering in La-based cuprates. As charge correlations in La1.675Eu0.2Sr0.125CuO4 extend beyond the low-temperature tetragonal and pseudogap phase, their emergence heralds a spontaneous symmetry breaking in this compound.
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| 13. |
- Abrantes, A, et al.
(författare)
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DIFFERENTIAL ISOFORM USAGE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
- 2022
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-977X. ; 63, s. E156-E156
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
- Baxter, Amanda L., et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative experience between scientific software projects using Agile Scrum development
- 2022
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Ingår i: Software, practice & experience. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0038-0644 .- 1097-024X. ; 52:10, s. 2077-2096
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing sustainable software for the scientific community requires expertise in software engineering and domain science. This can be challenging due to the unique needs of scientific software, the insufficient resources for software engineering practices in the scientific community, and the complexity of developing for evolving scientific contexts. While open-source software can partially address these concerns, it can introduce complicating dependencies and delay development. These issues can be reduced if scientists and software developers collaborate. We present a case study wherein scientists from the SuperNova Early Warning System collaborated with software developers from the Scalable Cyberinfrastructure for Multi-Messenger Astrophysics project. The collaboration addressed the difficulties of open-source software development, but presented additional risks to each team. For the scientists, there was a concern of relying on external systems and lacking control in the development process. For the developers, there was a risk in supporting a user-group while maintaining core development. These issues were mitigated by creating a second Agile Scrum framework in parallel with the developers' ongoing Agile Scrum process. This Agile collaboration promoted communication, ensured that the scientists had an active role in development, and allowed the developers to evaluate and implement the scientists' software requirements. The collaboration provided benefits for each group: the scientists actuated their development by using an existing platform, and the developers utilized the scientists' use-case to improve their systems. This case study suggests that scientists and software developers can avoid scientific computing issues by collaborating and that Agile Scrum methods can address emergent concerns.
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| 15. |
- Hadid, L. Z., et al.
(författare)
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Ambipolar electrostatic field in negatively charged dusty plasma
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Plasma Physics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0022-3778 .- 1469-7807. ; 88:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the effect of negatively charged dust on the magnetic-field-aligned polarisation electrostatic field (E-parallel to) using Cassini's RPWS/LP in situ measurements during the `ring-grazing' orbits. We derive a general expression for E-parallel to and estimate for the first time in situ parallel to E-parallel to parallel to (approximately 10(-5) V m(-1)) near the Janus and Epimetheus rings. We further demonstrate that the presence of the negatively charged dust close to the ring plane (vertical bar Z vertical bar less than or similar to 0.11 R-s) amplifies parallel to E-parallel to parallel to by at least one order of magnitude and reverses its direction due to the effect of the charged dust gravitational and inertial forces. Such reversal confines the electrons at the magnetic equator within the dusty region, around 0.047 R-s above the ring plane. Furthermore, we discuss the role of the collision terms, in particular the ion-dust drag force, in amplifying E-parallel to. These results imply that the charged dust, as small as nanometres in size, can have a significant influence on the plasma transport, in particular ambipolar diffusion along the magnetic field lines, and so their presence must be taken into account when studying such dynamical processes.
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| 16. |
- Ivashina, Marianna, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Antenna Technologies for Beyond-5G Wireless Communication : Challenges and Opportunities
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, ISAP 2021. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides an overview of the Sweden-Taiwan collaborative research framework project 'Antenna Technologies for Beyond-5G Wireless Communication' that has been recently established to develop robust and energy-efficient integrated antenna solutions for frequencies beyond 100 GHz as future enabling technologies for the 5G+ applications. Technological challenges in manufacturing and integration with electronics as well as available opportunities are discussed.
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| 17. |
- Kuo, TT, et al.
(författare)
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PT320, a Sustained-Release GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, Ameliorates L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of molecular sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 24:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine the efficacy of PT320 on L-DOPA-induced dyskinetic behaviors, and neurochemistry in a progressive Parkinson’s disease (PD) MitoPark mouse model. To investigate the effects of PT320 on the manifestation of dyskinesia in L-DOPA-primed mice, a clinically translatable biweekly PT320 dose was administered starting at either 5 or 17-weeks-old mice. The early treatment group was given L-DOPA starting at 20 weeks of age and longitudinally evaluated up to 22 weeks. The late treatment group was given L-DOPA starting at 28 weeks of age and longitudinally observed up to 29 weeks. To explore dopaminergic transmission, fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) was utilized to measure presynaptic dopamine (DA) dynamics in striatal slices following drug treatments. Early administration of PT320 significantly mitigated the severity L-DOPA-induced abnormal involuntary movements; PT320 particularly improved excessive numbers of standing as well as abnormal paw movements, while it did not affect L-DOPA-induced locomotor hyperactivity. In contrast, late administration of PT320 did not attenuate any L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia measurements. Moreover, early treatment with PT320 was shown to not only increase tonic and phasic release of DA in striatal slices in L-DOPA-naïve MitoPark mice, but also in L-DOPA-primed animals. Early treatment with PT320 ameliorated L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in MitoPark mice, which may be related to the progressive level of DA denervation in PD.
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| 18. |
- Lin, Hui-Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Intake Patterns of Specific Alcoholic Beverages by Prostate Cancer Status
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 14:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary Previous studies have shown heavy intake of different alcoholic beverages affects prostate cancer (PCa) clinical outcomes differently. However, the intake patterns of specific alcoholic beverages for PCa status are understudied. The study's objective is to evaluate intake patterns of total alcohol and three types of alcoholic beverage (beer, wine, and spirits) by PCa risk and aggressiveness status. This study included 10,029 men with European ancestry (4676 non-PCa men and 5353 PCa patients). We found PCa patients had a similar total heavy alcohol intake compared with non-PCa men. However, PCa patients were likely to drink more wine and spirits than non-PCa men. Patients with aggressive PCa drank more beer but not wine and spirits. Interestingly, heavy wine intake was inversely associated with PCa aggressiveness. These findings suggest that the intake patterns of specific alcoholic beverages differ by PCa status, and this information might help develop personalized alcohol intervention for PCa patients. Background: Previous studies have shown that different alcoholic beverage types impact prostate cancer (PCa) clinical outcomes differently. However, intake patterns of specific alcoholic beverages for PCa status are understudied. The study's objective is to evaluate intake patterns of total alcohol and the three types of beverage (beer, wine, and spirits) by the PCa risk and aggressiveness status. Method: This is a cross-sectional study using 10,029 men (4676 non-PCa men and 5353 PCa patients) with European ancestry from the PCa consortium. Associations between PCa status and alcohol intake patterns (infrequent, light/moderate, and heavy) were tested using multinomial logistic regressions. Results: Intake frequency patterns of total alcohol were similar for non-PCa men and PCa patients after adjusting for demographic and other factors. However, PCa patients were more likely to drink wine (light/moderate, OR = 1.11, p = 0.018) and spirits (light/moderate, OR = 1.14, p = 0.003; and heavy, OR = 1.34, p = 0.04) than non-PCa men. Patients with aggressive PCa drank more beer than patients with non-aggressive PCa (heavy, OR = 1.48, p = 0.013). Interestingly, heavy wine intake was inversely associated with PCa aggressiveness (OR = 0.56, p = 0.009). Conclusions: The intake patterns of some alcoholic beverage types differed by PCa status. Our findings can provide valuable information for developing custom alcohol interventions for PCa patients.
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| 19. |
- Ruangpan, Laddaporn, et al.
(författare)
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Incorporating stakeholders’ preferences into a multi-criteria framework for planning large-scale Nature-Based Solutions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydro-meteorological risks are a growing issue for societies, economies and environments around the world. An effective, sustainable response to such risks and their future uncertainty requires a paradigm shift in our research and practical efforts. In this respect, Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs) offer the potential to achieve a more effective and flexible response to hydro-meteorological risks while also enhancing human well-being and biodiversity. The present paper describes a new methodology that incorporates stakeholders’ preferences into a multi-criteria analysis framework, as part of a tool for selecting risk mitigation measures. The methodology has been applied to Tamnava river basin in Serbia and Nangang river basin in Taiwan within the EC-funded RECONECT project. The results highlight the importance of involving stakeholders in the early stages of projects in order to achieve successful implementation of NBSs. The methodology can assist decision-makers in formulating desirable benefits and co-benefits and can enable a systematic and transparent NBSs planning process.
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| 20. |
- Takahashi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Reconciling Flux Experiments for Quantitative Modeling of Normal and Malignant Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Dynamics
- 2021
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Ingår i: Stem Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-6711. ; 16:4, s. 741-753
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hematopoiesis serves as a paradigm for how homeostasis is maintained within hierarchically organized cell populations. However, important questions remain as to the contribution of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) toward maintaining steady state hematopoiesis. A number of in vivo lineage labeling and propagation studies have given rise to contradictory interpretations, leaving key properties of stem cell function unresolved. Using processed flow cytometry data coupled with a biology-driven modeling approach, we show that in vivo flux experiments that come from different laboratories can all be reconciled into a single unifying model, even though they had previously been interpreted as being contradictory. We infer from comparative analysis that different transgenic models display distinct labeling efficiencies across a heterogeneous HSC pool, which we validate by marker gene expression associated with HSC function. Finally, we show how the unified model of HSC differentiation can be used to simulate clonal expansion in the early stages of leukemogenesis. © 2021 The Authors
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| 21. |
- von Arx, Karin, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Fate of charge order in overdoped La-based cuprates
- 2023
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Ingår i: NPJ QUANTUM MATERIALS. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-4648. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In high-temperature cuprate superconductors, stripe order refers broadly to a coupled spin and charge modulation with a commensuration of eight and four lattice units, respectively. How this stripe order evolves across optimal doping remains a controversial question. Here we present a systematic resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of weak charge correlations in La2-xSrxCuO4 and La1.8-xEu0.2SrxCuO4. Ultra high energy resolution experiments demonstrate the importance of the separation of inelastic and elastic scattering processes. Long-range temperature-dependent stripe order is only found below optimal doping. At higher doping, short-range temperature-independent correlations are present up to the highest doping measured. This transformation is distinct from and preempts the pseudogap critical doping. We argue that the doping and temperature-independent short-range correlations originate from unresolved electron-phonon coupling that broadly peaks at the stripe ordering vector. In La2-xSrxCuO4, long-range static stripe order vanishes around optimal doping and we discuss both quantum critical and crossover scenarios.
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| 22. |
- von Arx, K., et al.
(författare)
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Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of Ca3Ru2O7
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9969 .- 2469-9950. ; 102:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a combined oxygen K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) study of the bilayer ruthenate Ca3Ru2O7. Our RIXS experiments on Ca3Ru2O7 were carried out on the overlapping planar and interplanar oxygen resonances, which are distinguishable from the apical one. Comparison to equivalent oxygen K-edge spectra recorded on band-Mott insulating Ca2RuO4 is made. In contrast to Ca2RuO4 spectra, which contain excitations linked to Mott physics, Ca3Ru2O7 spectra feature only intra-t(2g) ones that do not directly involve the Coulomb energy scale. As found in Ca2RuO4, we resolve two intra-t(2g) excitations in Ca3Ru2O7. Moreover, the lowest lying excitation in Ca3Ru2O7 shows a significant dispersion, revealing a collective character different from what is observed in Ca2RuO4. Theoretical modeling supports the interpretation of this lowest energy excitation in Ca3Ru2O7 as a magnetic transverse mode with multiparticle character, whereas the corresponding excitation in Ca2RuO4 is assigned to combined longitudinal and transverse spin modes. These fundamental differences are discussed in terms of the inequivalent magnetic ground-state manifestations in Ca2RuO4 and Ca3Ru2O7.
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| 23. |
- Wang, Qisi, et al.
(författare)
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Magnon interactions in a moderately correlated Mott insulator
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantum fluctuations in low-dimensional systems and near quantum phase transitions have significant influences on material properties. Yet, it is difficult to experimentally gauge the strength and importance of quantum fluctuations. Here we provide a resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of magnon excitations in Mott insulating cuprates. From the thin film of SrCuO2, single- and bi-magnon dispersions are derived. Using an effective Heisenberg Hamiltonian generated from the Hubbard model, we show that the single-magnon dispersion is only described satisfactorily when including significant quantum corrections stemming from magnon-magnon interactions. Comparative results on La2CuO4 indicate that quantum fluctuations are much stronger in SrCuO2 suggesting closer proximity to a magnetic quantum critical point. Monte Carlo calculations reveal that other magnetic orders may compete with the antiferromagnetic Néel order as the ground state. Our results indicate that SrCuO2—due to strong quantum fluctuations—is a unique starting point for the exploration of novel magnetic ground states.
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