| 1. |
- Aaltonen, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Combination of Tevatron Searches for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the W+W- Decay Mode
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 104:6, s. 061802-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We combine searches by the CDF and D0 Collaborations for a Higgs boson decaying to W+W-. The data correspond to an integrated total luminosity of 4.8 (CDF) and 5.4 (D0) fb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. No excess is observed above background expectation, and resulting limits on Higgs boson production exclude a standard model Higgs boson in the mass range 162-166 GeV at the 95% C.L.
|
|
| 2. |
- Grieser, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Storage ring at HIE-ISOLDE
- 2012
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal: Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6401 .- 1951-6355. ; 207:1, s. 1-117
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose to install a storage ring at an ISOL-type radioactive beam facility for the first time. Specifically, we intend to setup the heavy-ion, low-energy ring TSR at the HIE-ISOLDE facility in CERN, Geneva. Such a facility will provide a capability for experiments with stored secondary beams that is unique in the world. The envisaged physics programme is rich and varied, spanning from investigations of nuclear ground-state properties and reaction studies of astrophysical relevance, to investigations with highly-charged ions and pure isomeric beams. The TSR might also be employed for removal of isobaric contaminants from stored ion beams and for systematic studies within the neutrino beam programme. In addition to experiments performed using beams recirculating within the ring, cooled beams can also be extracted and exploited by external spectrometers for high-precision measurements. The existing TSR, which is presently in operation at the Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, is well-suited and can be employed for this purpose. The physics cases as well as technical details of the existing ring facility and of the beam and infrastructure requirements at HIE-ISOLDE are discussed in the present technical design report.
|
|
| 3. |
- Grieser, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Storage ring at HIE-ISOLDE Technical design report
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 207:1, s. 1-117
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose to install a storage ring at an ISOL-type radioactive beam facility for the first time. Specifically, we intend to setup the heavy-ion, low-energy ring TSR at the HIE-ISOLDE facility in CERN, Geneva. Such a facility will provide a capability for experiments with stored secondary beams that is unique in the world. The envisaged physics programme is rich and varied, spanning from investigations of nuclear ground-state properties and reaction studies of astrophysical relevance, to investigations with highly-charged ions and pure isomeric beams. The TSR might also be employed for removal of isobaric contaminants from stored ion beams and for systematic studies within the neutrino beam programme. In addition to experiments performed using beams recirculating within the ring, cooled beams can also be extracted and exploited by external spectrometers for high-precision measurements. The existing TSR, which is presently in operation at the Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, is well-suited and can be employed for this purpose. The physics cases as well as technical details of the existing ring facility and of the beam and infrastructure requirements at HIE-ISOLDE are discussed in the present technical design report.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Lee, Roger, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic studies on the functional relevance of the protein prenyltransferases in skin keratinocytes
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Oxford Journals About the Journal Human Molecular Genetics. - 0964-6906. ; 19:8, s. 1603-1617
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The modification of proteins with farnesyl or geranylgeranyl lipids, a process called protein prenylation, facilitates interactions of proteins with membrane surfaces. Protein prenylation is carried out by a pair of cytosolic enzymes, protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) and protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I). FTase and GGTase-I have attracted interest as therapeutic targets for both cancer and progeria, but very little information exists on the importance of these enzymes for homeostasis of normal tissues. One study actually suggested that FTase is entirely dispensable. To explore the importance of the protein prenyltransferases for normal tissues, we used conditional knockout alleles for Fntb and Pggt1b (which encode the beta-subunits of FTase and GGTase-I, respectively) and a keratin 14-Cre transgene to create mice lacking FTase or GGTase-I in skin keratinocytes. Keratinocyte-specific Fntb knockout mice were viable but developed severe alopecia. Although hair follicles appeared normal during development, they were morphologically abnormal after birth, and ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies revealed many apoptotic cells. The interfollicular epidermis of Fntb-deficient mice appeared normal; however, keratinocytes from these mice could not proliferate in culture. As expected, non-farnesylated prelamin A and non-farnesylated DNAJA1 accumulated in Fntb-deficient keratinocytes. Keratinocyte-specific Pggt1b knockout mice survived development but died shortly after birth. Like Fntb-deficient keratinocytes, Pggt1b-deficient keratinocytes did not proliferate in culture. Thus, both FTase and GGTase-I are required for the homeostasis of skin keratinocytes.
|
|
| 6. |
- Litvinov, Yu.A., et al.
(författare)
-
Nuclear physics experiments with ion storage rings
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X. ; 317:PART B, s. 603-616
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last two decades a number of nuclear structure and astrophysics experiments were performed at heavy-ion storage rings employing unique experimental conditions offered by such machines. Furthermore, building on the experience gained at the two facilities presently in operation, several new storage ring projects were launched worldwide. This contribution is intended to provide a brief review of the fast growing field of nuclear structure and astrophysics research at storage rings.
|
|
| 7. |
- Buyanova, Irina, et al.
(författare)
-
Spin dynamics in ZnO-based materials
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - New York, USA : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 23:1, s. 161-165
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we address the issue of spin relaxation and its relevance to spin detection in ZnO-based materials, by spin-polarized, time-resolved magneto-optical spectroscopy. We have found that spin relaxation is very fast, i.e. about 100 ps for donor bound excitons in wurtzite ZnO, despite of a weak spin–orbit interaction. We also reveal that alloying of ZnO with Cd enhances spin relaxation, prohibiting ZnCdO/ZnO structures for efficient optical spin detection. On the other hand, a variation in strain field induced by lattice mismatch with substrates does not seem to lead to a noticeable change in spin relaxation. The observed fast spin relaxation, together with the limitation imposed by the band structure, are thus identified as the two most important factors that limit the efficiency of optical spin detection in the studied ZnO-based materials.
|
|
| 8. |
- Darakchieva, Vanya, et al.
(författare)
-
Hydrogen in InN: A ubiquitous phenomenon in molecular beam epitaxy grown material
- 2010
-
Ingår i: APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 96:8, s. 081907-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the unintentional H impurities in relation to the free electron properties of state-of-the-art InN films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Enhanced concentrations of H are revealed in the near surface regions of the films, indicating postgrowth surface contamination by H. The near surface hydrogen could not be removed upon thermal annealing and may have significant implications for the surface and bulk free electron properties of InN. The bulk free electron concentrations were found to scale with the bulk H concentrations while no distinct correlation with dislocation density could be inferred, indicating a major role of hydrogen for the unintentional conductivity in MBE InN.
|
|
| 9. |
- Darakchieva, Vanya, et al.
(författare)
-
Unintentional incorporation of hydrogen in wurtzite InN with different surface orientations
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 110:6, s. 063535-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied hydrogen impurities and related structural properties in state-of-the-art wurtzite InN films with polar, nonpolar, and semipolar surface orientations. The effects of thermal annealing and chemical treatment on the incorporation and stability of H are also discussed. The near-surface and bulk hydrogen concentrations in the as-grown films increase when changing the surface orientation from (0001) to (000 (1) over bar) to (1 (1) over bar 01) and to (11 (2) over bar0), which may be associated with a decrease in the grain size and change of the growth mode from 2D to 3D. Thermal annealing at 350 degrees C in N(2) leads to a reduction of H concentrations and the intrinsic levels of bulk H are found to correlate with the structural quality and defects in the annealed films.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Dobrovolsky, Alexandr, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy Upconversion in GaP/GaNP Core/Shell Nanowires for Enhanced Near-Infrared Light Harvesting
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Small. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 10:21, s. 4403-4408
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have recently gained increasing interest due to their great potential for photovoltaics. A novel material system based on GaNP NWs is considered to be highly suitable for applications in efficient multi-junction and intermediate band solar cells. This work shows that though the bandgap energies of GaNx P1-x alloys lie within the visible spectral range (i.e., within 540-650 nm for the currently achievable x < 3%), coaxial GaNP NWs grown on Si substrates can also harvest infrared light utilizing energy upconversion. This energy upconversion can be monitored via anti-Stokes near-band-edge photoluminescence (PL) from GaNP, visible even from a single NW. The dominant process responsible for this effect is identified as being due to two-step two-photon absorption (TS-TPA) via a deep level lying at about 1.28 eV above the valence band, based on the measured dependences of the anti-Stokes PL on excitation power and wavelength. The formation of the defect participating in the TS-TPA process is concluded to be promoted by nitrogen incorporation. The revealed defect-mediated TS-TPA process can boost efficiency of harvesting solar energy in GaNP NWs, beneficial for applications of this novel material system in third-generation photovoltaic devices.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Dobrovolsky, Alexandr, et al.
(författare)
-
Mechanism for radiative recombination and defect properties of GaP/GaNP core/shell nanowires
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 101:16, s. 163106-1-163106-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recombination processes in GaP/GaNP core/shell nanowires (NWs) grown on a Si substrate by molecular beam epitaxy are examined using a variety of optical characterization techniques, including cw- and time-resolved photoluminescence and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). Superior optical quality of the structures is demonstrated based on the observation of intense emission from a single NW at room temperature. This emission is shown to originate from radiative transitions within N-related localized states. From ODMR, growth of GaP/GaNP NWs is also found to facilitate formation of complex defects containing a P atom at its core that act as centers of competing non-radiative recombination.
|
|
| 15. |
- Dobrovolsky, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
Optical properties of GaP/GaNP core/shell nanowires : a temperature-dependent study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nanoscale Research Letters. - : Springer. - 1931-7573 .- 1556-276X. ; 8:1, s. 239-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recombination processes in GaP/GaNP core/shell nanowires (NWs) grown on Si are studied by employing temperature-dependent continuous wave and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The NWs exhibit bright PL emissions due to radiative carrier recombination in the GaNP shell. Though the radiative efficiency of the NWs is found to decrease with increasing temperature, the PL emission remains intense even at room temperature. Two thermal quenching processes of the PL emission are found to be responsible for the degradation of the PL intensity at elevated temperatures: (a) thermal activation of the localized excitons from the N-related localized states and (b) activation of a competing non-radiative recombination (NRR) process. The activation energy of the latter process is determined as being around 180 meV. NRR is also found to cause a significant decrease of carrier lifetime.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Dobrovolsky, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Raman spectroscopy of GaP/GaNP core/shell nanowires
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 105:19, s. 193102-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Raman spectroscopy is employed to characterize structural and phonon properties of GaP/GaNP core/shell nanowires (NWs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si substrates. According to polarization-dependent measurements performed on single NWs, the dominant Raman modes associated with zone-center optical phonons obey selection rules in a zinc-blende lattice, confirming high crystalline quality of the NWs. Two additional modes at 360 and 397 cm(-1) that are specific to the NW architecture are also detected in resonant Raman spectra and are attributed to defect-activated scattering involving zone-edge transverse optical phonons and surface optical phonons, respectively. It is concluded that the formation of the involved defect states are mainly promoted during the NW growth with a high V/III ratio.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Dobrovolsky, Alexandr, et al.
(författare)
-
Signatures of N incorporation in Raman and optical properties of GaP/GaNP core/shell nanowires
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 2013 MRS Fall Meeting.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- GaP/GaNP core shell NWs is a novel material system that has been most recently suggested for applications in solar cells. Adding nitrogen not only allow to tune the bandgap energy of GaNP alloy but also causes splitting of conduction band (CB) states, promising for intermediate band solar cells with improved efficiency. The purpose of this work is to investigate effects of N incorporation on band structure of such GaP/GaNxP1-x core/shell NWs using photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopies. Structural quality of the wires will be also evaluated from Raman measurements.The GaP/GaN0.009P0.991core/shell NWs studied in this work were grown on Si (111) substrates by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The GaP NW cores were grown under the vapor liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism, whereas the GaNP shell was formed via the step-mediated growth. The resulted core/shell NWs were found to have an axial length of about 2.5 μm, a total diameter of about 220 nm, and a typical diameter of the GaP core of ~110 nm. According to performed TEM measurements, the NWs predominantly have zincblende structure with some inclusions of the wurtzite crystal phase. Excellent structural quality of the wires was concluded based on the performed Raman measurements. The Raman scattering spectra were found to contain several first-order Raman modes including intense and sharp peaks at 366 and 403 cm-1 and weaker modes at 387, 397 and 499 cm-1. The first two modes are typical for zinc-blende GaP and are related to transverse-optic (TO) and longitudinal-optical (LO) phonons, respectively. The spectral positions of these modes were unaffected by the N incorporation indicating that the formed GaNP shell is unstrained. The Raman mode at 499 cm-1 peak is related to the Ga-N bond vibrations, confirming the formation of the GaNP alloy. The 397 cm-1 peak can be identify as a surface optical (SO) phonon mode due to its sensitivity to the dielectric constant of an external medium.It is also found that incorporation of N causes a dramatic increase of the PL intensity, which can be easily detected at room temperature even from a single wire. This is accompanied by a shortening of the PL decay time revealed from the performed transient PL measurements. We attribute these changes to the N-induced transformation of the band gap from the indirect one in GaP to a direct band gap in the GaNP alloy. Secondly, N incorporation causes a red shift of the fundament absorption edge revealed via the PLE measurements due to the bowing effect. The red shift of the conduction band (CB) edge is accompanied by a strong blue shift of the Γ CB state. This is ascribed to the splitting of the host CB states that are strongly perturbed by N. The revealed changes in the band structure are potentially beneficial for the applications of GaNP/GaP NWs in novel intermediate band solar cell structures with high efficiency.
|
|
| 20. |
- Ganat, Yosif M., et al.
(författare)
-
Identification of embryonic stem cell-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons for engraftment
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738. ; 122:8, s. 2928-2939
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) represent a promising source of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons for applications in Parkinson disease. However, ESC-based transplantation paradigms carry a risk of introducing inappropriate or tumorigenic cells. Cell purification before transplantation may alleviate these concerns and enable identification of the specific DA neuron stage most suitable for cell therapy. Here, we used 3 transgenic mouse ESC reporter lines to mark DA neurons at 3 stages of differentiation (early, middle, and late) following induction of differentiation using Hes5::GFP, Nurr1::GFP, and Pitx3::YFP transgenes, respectively. Transplantation of FACS-purified cells from each line resulted in DA neuron engraftment, with the mid-stage and late-stage neuron grafts being composed almost exclusively of midbrain DA neurons. Mid-stage neuron cell grafts had the greatest amount of DA neuron survival and robustly induced recovery of motor deficits in hemiparkinsonian mice. Our data suggest that the Nurrl(+) stage (middle stage) of neuronal differentiation is particularly suitable for grafting ESC-derived DA neurons. Moreover, global transcriptome analysis of progeny from each of the ESC reporter lines revealed expression of known midbrain DA neuron genes and also uncovered previously uncharacterized midbrain genes. These data demonstrate remarkable fate specificity of ESC-derived DA neurons and outline a sequential stage-specific ESC reporter line paradigm for in vivo gene discovery.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Lorenz, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Hydrogen In Group‐III Nitrides: An Ion Beam Analysis Study
- 2011
-
Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 1336. - : AIP. - 9780735408913 ; , s. 310-313
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The doping mechanisms of InN, a promising material for novel optoelectronic and electronic devices, are still not well understood. Unintentional hydrogen doping is one possibility that could explain the unintentional n‐type conductivity in high‐quality nominally undoped InN films. We measured a series of state‐of‐the‐art InN samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy with 2 MeV 4He‐ERDA and RBS, showing the presence of relatively high amounts of hydrogen not only at the surface, but also in a deeper layer. Strong depletion of hydrogen due to the analysing beam was observed and taken into account in the analysis. Here, we report on the details of the analysis and show how the results correlate with the free‐electron concentrations of the samples.
|
|
| 23. |
- Marshall, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Improving operational land surface model canopy evapotranspiration in Africa using a direct remote sensing approach
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1607-7938. ; 17:3, s. 1079-1091
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is expected to have the greatest impact on the world's economically poor. In the Sahel, a climatically sensitive region where rain-fed agriculture is the primary livelihood, expected decreases in water supply will increase food insecurity. Studies on climate change and the intensification of the water cycle in sub-Saharan Africa are few. This is due in part to poor calibration of modeled evapotranspiration (ET), a key input in continental-scale hydrologic models. In this study, a remote sensing model of transpiration (the primary component of ET), driven by a time series of vegetation indices, was used to substitute transpiration from the Global Land Data Assimilation System realization of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Oregon State University, Air Force, and Hydrology Research Laboratory at National Weather Service Land Surface Model (GNOAH) to improve total ET model estimates for monitoring purposes in sub-Saharan Africa. The performance of the hybrid model was compared against GNOAH ET and the remote sensing method using eight eddy flux towers representing major biomes of sub-Saharan Africa. The greatest improvements in model performance were at humid sites with dense vegetation, while performance at semi-arid sites was poor, but better than the models before hybridization. The reduction in errors using the hybrid model can be attributed to the integration of a simple canopy scheme that depends primarily on low bias surface climate reanalysis data and is driven primarily by a time series of vegetation indices.
|
|
| 24. |
- Stehr, Jan Eric, et al.
(författare)
-
Defects in GaNP Nanowires
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Abstract Book of the 56th Electronic Materials Conference. ; , s. 114-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Sukrittanon, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Growth and characterization of dilute nitride GaNxP1−x nanowires and GaNxP1−x/GaNyP1−y core/shell nanowires on Si (111) by gas source molecular beam epitaxy
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 105:7, s. 072107-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have demonstrated self-catalyzed GaN xP1−x and GaN xP1−x/GaNyP1−y core/shell nanowire growth by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. The growth window for GaN xP1−x nanowires was observed to be comparable to that of GaP nanowires (∼585 °C to ∼615 °C). Transmission electron microscopy showed a mixture of cubic zincblende phase and hexagonal wurtzite phase along the [111] growth direction in GaN xP1−x nanowires. A temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) study performed on GaN xP1−x/GaNyP1−y core/shell nanowires exhibited an S-shape dependence of the PL peaks. This suggests that at low temperature, the emission stems from N-related localized states below the conduction band edge in the shell, while at high temperature, the emission stems from band-to-band transition in the shell as well as recombination in the GaN xP1−x core.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Yang, Shao H, et al.
(författare)
-
Severe hepatocellular disease in mice lacking one or both CaaX prenyltransferases.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of lipid research. - 0022-2275. ; 53:1, s. 77-86
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) and protein geranylgeranyltransferase-I (GGTase-I) add 15- or 20-carbon lipids, respectively, to proteins that terminate with a CaaX motif. These posttranslational modifications of proteins with lipids promote protein interactions with membrane surfaces in cells, but the in vivo importance of the CaaX prenyltransferases and the protein lipidation reactions they catalyze remain incompletely defined. One study concluded that a deficiency of FTase was inconsequential in adult mice and led to little or no tissue pathology. To assess the physiologic importance of the CaaX prenyltransferases, we used conditional knockout alleles and an albumin-Cre transgene to produce mice lacking FTase, GGTase-I, or both enzymes in hepatocytes. The hepatocyte-specific FTase knockout mice survived but exhibited hepatocellular disease and elevated transaminases. Mice lacking GGTase-I not only had elevated transaminases but also had dilated bile cannaliculi, hyperbilirubinemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and reduced survival. Of note, GGTase-I-deficient hepatocytes had a rounded shape and markedly reduced numbers of actin stress fibers. Hepatocyte-specific FTase/GGTase-I double-knockout mice closely resembled mice lacking GGTase-I alone, but the disease was slightly more severe. Our studies refute the notion that FTase is dispensable and demonstrate that GGTase-I is crucial for the vitality of hepatocytes.
|
|
| 32. |
- Yu, X., et al.
(författare)
-
Intensification of biodiesel synthesis using metal foam reactors
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 89:11, s. 3450-3456
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a technology for continuous and high-efficiency alkali-catalyzed biodiesel synthesis using a metal foam reactor combined with a passive mixer. A metal foam reactor with higher pore density produces smaller droplets that result in higher efficiency of biodiesel synthesis. Compared with conventional stirred reactors, the time for high methyl ester conversion can be shortened remarkably by the use of metal foam reactors. Experimental results reveal that a metal foam reactor of 50 pores per inch exhibits an energy consumption per gram biodiesel of 1.01 J g-1, merely 1.69% and 0.77% of energy consumption of the zigzag micro-channel and conventional stirred reactors, respectively. Moreover, biodiesel yield per reactor for the metal foam reactor is approximately 60 times that of the zigzag micro-channel reactor, thus overcoming the problem of numbering up an excessive number of reactors in the application. These results indicate the great potential of metal foam reactors in small-fuel biodiesel processing plants for distributive applications.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
