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- Landsend, Erlend C. S., et al.
(författare)
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The Level of Inflammatory Tear Cytokines is Elevated in Congenital Aniridia and Associated with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
- 2018
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - : ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC. - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 59:5, s. 2197-2204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE. To investigate the tear cytokine profile in congenital aniridia, and correlate cytokine levels with ophthalmologic findings. METHODS. We examined 35 patients with aniridia and 21 healthy controls. Tear fluid was collected with Schirmer I test and capillary tubes from each eye, and the concentration of 27 inflammatory cytokines determined using multiplex bead assay. Eyes of all participants were examined with tests for dry eye disease, including evaluation of meibomian glands (meibography). Differences in cytokine levels between the two groups were analyzed, and correlations between cytokine concentrations and ophthalmologic findings in the aniridia group investigated. RESULTS. The concentrations of six tear cytokines were significantly higher in aniridia patients than controls in both eyes, and included interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-9, IL-17A; eotaxin; basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF/FGF2); and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha/ CCL3). The ratio between the anti-inflammatory IL-1RA and the proinflammatory IL-1 beta was significantly lower in patients than controls in both eyes (P = 0.005 right eye and P = 0.001 left eye). Increasing concentration of IL-1 beta, IL-9, IL-17A, FGF2, and MIP-1 alpha correlated with parameters for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in the aniridia group, including increasing atrophy of meibomian glands, and shorter break-up time of the tear film. CONCLUSIONS. A number of pro-inflammatory cytokines are significantly elevated in tear fluid from aniridia patients, and correlate with parameters for MGD in aniridia. Increased inflammation of the ocular surface may be a factor in the development of MGD in aniridia patients, and explain the high prevalence of MGD and dry eye disease in these patients.
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| 2. |
- Landsend, Erlend S., et al.
(författare)
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The genetics of congenital aniridia-a guide for the ophthalmologist
- 2018
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Ingår i: Survey of ophthalmology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0039-6257 .- 1879-3304. ; 63:1, s. 105-113
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Congenital aniridia is a rare panocular disease caused by fundamental disturbances in the development of the eye, characterized primarily by hypoplasia of the iris and macula. Severe secondary complications such as keratopathy, cataract, and glaucoma are common and often lead to considerable visual impairment or blindness. Many complications in aniridia patients are difficult to treat and present a challenge for the ophthalmologist. Increasingly, associated nonocular features of the disease are also being recognized. Over the past decades, major steps have been made in the understanding of the genetic basis of aniridia. Moreover, recent studies have prepared the ground for future treatment options based on specific mutations. Therefore, specific knowledge about genetics in aniridia has become more important than ever. We provide an overview of the field of aniridia genetics and its clinical implications. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Yazdani, Mazyar, et al.
(författare)
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Tear Production Levels and Dry Eye Disease Severity in a Large Norwegian Cohort
- 2018
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Ingår i: Current Eye Research. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 0271-3683 .- 1460-2202. ; 43:12, s. 1465-1470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To determine if the Schirmer I test (without anesthesia) cut-off value is a predictor of dry eye severity in a large Norwegian cohort of dry eye disease (DED) patients, which are grouped into six levels of tear production. Methods: Patients (n = 1090) with DED of different etiologies received an extensive dry eye work-up: osmolarity (Osm), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear film break-up time (TFBUT), ocular protection index (OPI), ocular surface staining (OSS), Schirmer I test (ST), meibum expressibility (ME), and meibum quality (MQ). Classification of dry eye severity level (DESL) and diagnosis of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) were also included. The cohort was divided into six groups: below and above cut-off values of 5 (groups 1 and 2), 10 (groups 3 and 4), and 15 mm (groups 5 and 6) of ST. Mann-Whitney test and Chi-Square test were used for group comparison of parameters (p amp;lt;= 0.05). Results: The groups 1, 3, and 5 had values indicating more severe DED than the groups 2, 4, 6 with significant difference in DESL, Osm, TFBUT, OPI, OSS, and TMH. Regardless of the choice of cut-off values, there was no statistically significant difference in ME, MQ, and MGD between groups below and above selected cut-off value. When gender difference was considered in each group, significant difference was only observed for DESL (groups 2, 4, and 5), TFBUT (groups 2, 4, and 5), OPI (groups 2 and 6), and ME (group1). Conclusions: Schirmer I is a robust discriminator for DESL, Osm, TFBUT, OPI, OSS, and TMH, but not for ME, MQ, and MGD. Patients with lower tear production levels presented with more severe DED at all three defined cut-off values. Interestingly, the differences in the mean values of DESL were minimal although statistically significant. Thus, the clinical value of different Schirmer levels appears to be limited.
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