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- Sen, P, et al.
(författare)
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Vaccine hesitancy decreases in rheumatic diseases, long-term concerns remain in myositis: a comparative analysis of the COVAD surveys
- 2023
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Ingår i: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0332 .- 1462-0324. ; 62:10, s. 3291-3301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveCOVID-19 vaccines have a favorable safety profile in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs) such as idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs); however, hesitancy continues to persist among these patients. Therefore, we studied the prevalence, predictors and reasons for hesitancy in patients with IIMs, other AIRDs, non-rheumatic autoimmune diseases (nrAIDs) and healthy controls (HCs), using data from the two international COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) e-surveys.MethodsThe first and second COVAD patient self-reported e-surveys were circulated from March to December 2021, and February to June 2022 (ongoing). We collected data on demographics, comorbidities, COVID-19 infection and vaccination history, reasons for hesitancy, and patient reported outcomes. Predictors of hesitancy were analysed using regression models in different groups.ResultsWe analysed data from 18 882 (COVAD-1) and 7666 (COVAD-2) respondents. Reassuringly, hesitancy decreased from 2021 (16.5%) to 2022 (5.1%) (OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.30, P < 0.001). However, concerns/fear over long-term safety had increased (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 2.9, 4.6, P < 0.01). We noted with concern greater skepticism over vaccine science among patients with IIMs than AIRDs (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.2, P = 0.023) and HCs (OR: 4; 95% CI: 1.9, 8.1, P < 0.001), as well as more long-term safety concerns/fear (IIMs vs AIRDs – OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.9, P = 0.001; IIMs vs HCs – OR: 5.4 95% CI: 3, 9.6, P < 0.001). Caucasians [OR 4.2 (1.7–10.3)] were likely to be more hesitant, while those with better PROMIS physical health score were less hesitant [OR 0.9 (0.8–0.97)].ConclusionVaccine hesitancy has decreased from 2021 to 2022, long-term safety concerns remain among patients with IIMs, particularly in Caucasians and those with poor physical function.
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| 3. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 4. |
- de las Fuentes, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Gene-educational attainment interactions in a multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis identify novel blood pressure loci
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 26:6, s. 2111-2125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational attainment is widely used as a surrogate for socioeconomic status (SES). Low SES is a risk factor for hypertension and high blood pressure (BP). To identify novel BP loci, we performed multi-ancestry meta-analyses accounting for gene-educational attainment interactions using two variables, “Some College” (yes/no) and “Graduated College” (yes/no). Interactions were evaluated using both a 1 degree of freedom (DF) interaction term and a 2DF joint test of genetic and interaction effects. Analyses were performed for systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure. We pursued genome-wide interrogation in Stage 1 studies (N = 117 438) and follow-up on promising variants in Stage 2 studies (N = 293 787) in five ancestry groups. Through combined meta-analyses of Stages 1 and 2, we identified 84 known and 18 novel BP loci at genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10-8). Two novel loci were identified based on the 1DF test of interaction with educational attainment, while the remaining 16 loci were identified through the 2DF joint test of genetic and interaction effects. Ten novel loci were identified in individuals of African ancestry. Several novel loci show strong biological plausibility since they involve physiologic systems implicated in BP regulation. They include genes involved in the central nervous system-adrenal signaling axis (ZDHHC17, CADPS, PIK3C2G), vascular structure and function (GNB3, CDON), and renal function (HAS2 and HAS2-AS1, SLIT3). Collectively, these findings suggest a role of educational attainment or SES in further dissection of the genetic architecture of BP.
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| 5. |
- Lee, S. Y., et al.
(författare)
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IDENTIFYING DETERMINANTS OF FAVOURABLE AND POOR PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS : RESULTS FROM AN INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE STUDY
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : HighWire Press. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 82:Suppl. 1, s. 1110-1112
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can result in impaired daily physical function through various mechanisms including active disease, chronic damage, and mental health symptoms that are common in the disease. However, the key drivers of reduced physical function are poorly understood, and no large-scale global studies investigating this have been conducted to date.Objectives: To investigate key factors that contribute to impaired physical function in SLE globally.Methods: SLE patients were identified from the COVAD 2 database, a global register of more than 20,000 respondents. Healthy controls (HC) were included to compare differences in physical function using the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaire. Demographics, medication, comorbidities, disease activity, Global Physical Health (GPH) and Global Mental Health (GMH) were collected. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify contributing factors to favourable or poor physical function (measured by PROMIS Physical Function shortform PF-10a score).Results: 979 SLE patients and 3358 HCs were included in analysis. Patients with SLE had significantly lower PF-10a score as compared to HCs (median 42, IQR 36-47 vs median 49, IQR 45-50, p<0.0001). Determinants of physical function status in patients with SLE are summarised in Table 1. Briefly, factors associated with poor physical function included increasing age (-0.042, 95% CI -0.069 to -0.015, p=0.002) and methotrexate use (-0.928, 95% CI -1.844 to -0.012, p=0.047). Diabetes (-1.862, 95% CI -3.481 to -0.243, p=0.024) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) (-2.441, 95% CI -4.366 to -0.517, p=0.013), but not asthma or COPD, also contributed to lower PF-10a score. From a mental health perspective, anxiety (-0.970, 95% CI -1.853 to -0.087, p=0.031) but not depression contributed to a lower physical function score. Higher Pain Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) (-2.889, 95% CI -3.107 to -2.671, p<0.001) and Fatigue VAS (-1.459, 95% CI -1.974 to -0.945, p<0.001) also contributed to lower PF-10 scores. Hydroxychloroquine use (0.844, 95% CI 0.190 to 1.498, p=0.012) and higher GPH score (2.287, 95% CI 2.079 to 2.494, p<0.001) were associated with favourable physical function.Conclusion: Patients with SLE show significantly reduced physical function compared with HCs. Key contributors to poor physical function include intercurrent diabetes and ILD. Screening for, and aggressive early treatment of these conditions may confer improved long-term function. As expected, higher levels of pain and fatigue were associated with poor physical function. Methotrexate use was also identified as a contributing factor to reduced function, which could represent its use in articular manifestations that limit physical function. Importantly, use of hydroxychloroquine was associated with favourable physical function, adding to the well-recognised benefits of this drug in SLE.
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| 6. |
- Deka, Shankar, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Path-Integral Formula for Computing Koopman Eigenfunctions
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 62nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2023. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. ; , s. 6641-6646
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper is about the computation of the principal spectrum of the Koopman operator (i.e., eigenvalues and eigenfunctions). The principal eigenfunctions of the Koopman operator are the ones with the corresponding eigenvalues equal to the eigenvalues of the linearization of the nonlinear system at an equilibrium point. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a novel approach for computing the principal eigenfunctions using a path-integral formula. Furthermore, we provide conditions based on the stability property of the dynamical system and the eigenvalues of the linearization towards computing the principal eigenfunction using the path-integral formula. Further, we provide a Deep Neural Network framework that utilizes our proposed path-integral approach for eigenfunction computation in high-dimension systems. Finally, we present simulation results for the computation of principal eigenfunction and demonstrate their application for determining the stable and unstable manifolds and constructing the Lyapunov function.
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