| 1. |
- Abecassis-Moedas, Celine, et al.
(författare)
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Key resources and internationalization modes of creative knowledge-intensive business services : The case of design consultancies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - : Wiley. - 0963-1690 .- 1467-8691. ; 21:3, s. 315-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the knowledge economy, knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) are a key driver for innovation and competitiveness. The internationalization of these businesses raises challenges given their specificities such as knowledge intensity, the importance of customer interaction and intimacy in service delivery. This paper focuses on design consultancies as a specific type of creative KIBS for which these characteristics are emphasized. The objective of this research is to analyse the resources leveraged by the firms to compete internationally. It is based on 11 case studies of design consultancies located in five different countries (France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and the UK) that were selected for their capacity to perform at the international level for several years. The paper advances three internationalization modes depending on contingent variables and focusing on specific resources that enable international competitiveness: star-based, process-based and glocality-based. In star-based creative KIBS, the individual designer has developed a reputation that attracts customers internationally, operating as a brand. In process-based creative KIBS, the reputation of a collective creative process attracts clients from other countries. In glocality-based creative KIBS, the geographical proximity obtained by opening international offices helps to develop a close understanding of the client through frequent interactions, and also to know the client's market well and to better understand local codes and signs. These modes complement those presented in the existing internationalization literature which takes the peculiarities of creative KIBS into consideration.
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| 2. |
- Agasisti, Tommaso, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the performance of academic departments: an analysis of research-related output efficiency
- 2012
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Ingår i: Research Evaluation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0958-2029 .- 1471-5449. ; 21:1, s. 2-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we investigated whether academic departments do experience a trade-off among different research outputs. More specifically, we define four types of academic research outputs: quantity (publications); quality (citation indexes); research funds obtained through research grants; and applied research funds obtained through external orders. Subsequently, we define a department's performance through the concept of efficiency, namely the ability to maximize academic research output given an amount of inputs (facilities and human resources). Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we measure efficiency for 69 academic departments (focused on scientific subjects) located in the Lombardy Region (Italy), benefiting from a unique data set containing detailed information on research inputs and outputs. The empirical analysis shows that efficiency rankings change significantly when considering different research-related outputs and thus it highlights different research strategies among the academic departments. These different strategies emerge also considering jointly all four types of outputs: the academic departments focus on different outputs in order to obtain the highest overall efficiency scores. In the last section, policy and managerial implications have been discussed.
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| 3. |
- Ainamo, Antti, et al.
(författare)
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Radical circles and visionary innovation: Angry birds and the transformation of video games
- 2021
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 1467-8691 .- 0963-1690. ; 30:3, s. 439-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radical circle is an innovation approach, alternative in comparison to innovation teams and innovation communities, superior to these when detailed managerial guidance is not readily available because of high uncertainty, high ambiguity, or both. Through an empirical case analysis of Angry Birds, the video game, we strengthen earlier radical-circle research findings on how a common sense of malaise with a current situation and dominant visions sometimes a small group of creative individuals meaningfully together, each volunteering to contribute much to change situation and dominant meaningfully vision. We find in this case that radical circles were more fluid in their membership and boundaries than what these earlier studies have found. There was considerable change over time in both the radical circles and visionary innovation. After Angry Birds's launch, a huge and very active brand community ensued, with radical creativity, with innovative community members contributing meaningful new inputs both for free and for global market and industry transformation. We call for further research on why and how line-up changes in radical circles in between times of original visionary innovation and later-phase market and industry transformation may matter. We also call for further research to study in what kinds of situations, why, and how radical circles are a good approach to mobilize extra-organizational volunteers for visionary innovation of new-to-the world products or processes. © 2021 The Authors. Creativity and Innovation Management published by John WileyXX1Sons Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Beck, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Examining Open Innovation in Science (OIS): what Open Innovation can and cannot offer the science of science
- 2023
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Ingår i: Innovation: Organization & Management. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 2204-0226 .- 1447-9338. ; 25:3, s. 221-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scholars across disciplines increasingly hear calls for more open and collaborative approaches to scientific research. The concept of Open Innovation in Science (OIS) provides a framework that integrates dispersed research efforts aiming to understand the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of applying open and collaborative research practices. While the OIS framework has already been taken up by science of science scholars, its conceptual underpinnings require further specification. In this essay, we critically examine the OIS concept and bring to light two key aspects: 1) how OIS builds upon Open Innovation (OI) research by adopting its attention to boundary-crossing knowledge flows and by adapting other concepts developed and researched in OI to the science context, as exemplified by two OIS cases in the area of research funding; 2) how OIS conceptualises knowledge flows across boundaries. While OI typically focuses on well-defined organisational boundaries, we argue that blurry and even invisible boundaries between communities of practice may more strongly constrain flows of knowledge related to openness and collaboration in science. Given the uptake of this concept, this essay brings needed clarity to the meaning of OIS, which has no particular normative orientation towards a close coupling between science and industry. We end by outlining the essay's contributions to OI and the science of science, as well as to science practitioners.
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| 5. |
- Beck, S., et al.
(författare)
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The Open Innovation in Science research field: a collaborative conceptualisation approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 29:2, s. 136-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Openness and collaboration in scientific research are attracting increasing attention from scholars and practitioners alike. However, a common understanding of these phenomena is hindered by disciplinary boundaries and disconnected research streams. We link dispersed knowledge on Open Innovation, Open Science, and related concepts such as Responsible Research and Innovation by proposing a unifying Open Innovation in Science (OIS) Research Framework. This framework captures the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of open and collaborative practices along the entire process of generating and disseminating scientific insights and translating them into innovation. Moreover, it elucidates individual-, team-, organisation-, field-, and society-level factors shaping OIS practices. To conceptualise the framework, we employed a collaborative approach involving 47 scholars from multiple disciplines, highlighting both tensions and commonalities between existing approaches. The OIS Research Framework thus serves as a basis for future research, informs policy discussions, and provides guidance to scientists and practitioners.
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| 6. |
- Bellis, Paola, et al.
(författare)
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Dialogue for strategy implementation : how framing processes enable the evolution of new opportunities
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Ingår i: Journal of Knowledge Management. - 1758-7484 .- 1367-3270.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Taking the dialogic organizational development perspective, this study aims to investigate the framing processes when engaging in dialogue for strategy implementation and how these enable the evolution of implementation opportunities. Design/methodology/approach Through a qualitative exploratory study conducted in a large multinational, the authors analyse the dialogue and interactions among 25 dyads when identifying opportunities to contribute to strategy implementation. The data analysis relies on a process-coding approach and linkography, a valuable protocol analysis for identifying recursive interaction schemas in conversations. Findings The authors identify four main framing processes – shaping, unveiling, scattering and shifting – and provide a framework of how these processes affect individuals’ mental models through increasing the tangibility of opportunities or elevating them to new value hierarchies. Research limitations/implications From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes to the strategy implementation and organizational development literature, providing a micro-perspective of how dialogue allows early knowledge structures to emerge and shape the development of opportunities for strategy implementation. Practical implications From a managerial perspective, the authors offer insights to trigger action and change in individuals to contribute to strategy when moving from formulation to implementation. Originality/value Rather than focusing on the structural control view of strategy implementation and the role of the top management team, this study considers strategy implementation as a practice and what it takes for organizational actors who do not take part in strategy formulation to enact and shape opportunities for strategy implementation through constructive dialogue.
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| 7. |
- Bellis, Paola, et al.
(författare)
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Pairs as pivots of innovation: how collaborative sensemaking benefits from innovating in twos
- 2021
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Ingår i: Innovation: Management, Policy and Practice. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge). - 2204-0226 .- 1447-9338. ; 23:3, s. 375-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovation is a collective and collaborative act. Even though ideas germinate in individuals’ minds, they need social interaction to be improved and brought to realisation. Therefore, much attention is now being paid to team collaboration as an organisational essential for innovation. Collaboration facilitates the combining of perspectives, competencies, and resources. However, it has been shown that limits arise when it comes to converging views into a shared perspective and its interpretation. Innovation is not all about pooling competencies and resources but also about immersion and reflection. It is a process of collaborative sensemaking that benefits from intimate and close collaboration. In this paper, we investigate how collaboration between twos, before an idea is shared with a large team, could facilitate the later collaborative sensemaking process through which the larger team must pass in bringing the innovation to reality. Through a laboratory experiment, we prove how collaborating in a close relationship in a pair has a positive impact on collaborative sensemaking in a subsequent collaborative effort in a larger team setting. In particular, we demonstrate how the pair acts as a pivot in the larger team and accelerates the rate of growing perception and understanding of the innovative idea.
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| 8. |
- Bellis, Paola, et al.
(författare)
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What kind of intimacy is meaningful to you? How intimate interactions foster individuals' sensemaking of innovation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - : Wiley. - 1467-8691 .- 0963-1690. ; 32:3, s. 407-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines how intimacy affects individuals' sensemaking of innovation in their organization. Although sensemaking facilitates understanding innovation and envisioning new worldviews, it involves a delicate process of self‐disclosure, reflection, personal contact and communication. Intimacy focuses on time‐bounded interactions that foster individuals' progressive self‐disclosure and perceptions of mutual understanding. Therefore, drawing on intimacy theories, we investigate from a microlevel perspective how temporally bounded intimate interactions foster the meaningfulness of innovation for individuals. As sensemaking processes differ in large‐scale radical and incremental innovations, we examine both contexts in a post hoc analysis. Through a field study, we show that different intimacy dynamics (emotional, cognitive and listening) influence meaningfulness perceptions. In particular, we find that the emotional intimacy dynamics positively influence meaningfulness perceptions in the context of radical innovation initiatives, while the cognitive and listening intimacy dynamics positively influence meaningfulness perceptions in the context of incremental innovation initiatives. This study contributes to the sensemaking innovation literature by introducing intimacy as an enabler of sensemaking. Our study also suggests that managers should encourage moments of intimate interaction when pursuing innovation to facilitate sensemaking of change.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Buganza, Tommaso, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborate as a flock in the organization: how selection and synthesis influence knowledge convergence within a complex adaptive system
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Knowledge Management. - : Emerald. - 1758-7484 .- 1367-3270. ; 26:11, s. 142-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This study aims to investigate how two collaborative methods - selection and synthesis - influence knowledge convergence when people articulate a new strategic direction driving transformation within the organization. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a longitudinal field experiment developed in four organizations involving 82 employees over a three-month process. Inspired by dynamics governing flocks as complex adaptive systems, selection and synthesis have been separately used in two sets of companies. Primary and secondary data have been largely collected and analyzed throughout the whole process. Findings This study describes how the two alternative methods differently influenced two kinds of knowledge convergence. While selection triggers a general and static knowledge convergence and the propagation of individual knowledge over time, synthesis fosters a local and dynamic knowledge convergence where individuals tend to propagate knowledge generated collectively. Research limitations/implications This research offers insights into understanding the influence of alternative collaborative methods on the creation and propagation of knowledge when people are converging toward a new strategic direction. From a theoretical perspective, it contributes to complex adaptive system theory, highlighting the role of knowledge convergence and emergence through collaboration. Practical implications This research offers insights to managers who deal with the complexity of the engagement of different stakeholders during collaborative processes, offering some actionable takeaways to foster knowledge convergence by alternatively employing selection and synthesis. Originality/value This paper contributes to the management and social information processing literature emphasizing the role of knowledge convergence emerging from the complex interactions among multiple stakeholders.
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| 11. |
- Buganza, Tommaso, et al.
(författare)
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Storymaking and Organizational Transformation : How the Co-creation of Narratives Engages People for Innovation and Transformation
- 2023. - 1st
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a world undergoing continuous change, organizations find themselves facing the challenge of how to keep innovating to stay competitive. Inside any organization, people are the cornerstone on which innovation rests and builds, yet it is ever more difficult to engage everyone in designing their organization. This book explores and discusses how employees can be engaged digitally to assist innovation initiatives and lead to organizational transformation. Storymaking and Organizational Transformation is based on the research activities of the platform IDeaLs during the year 2020 and provides a perspective on how employees can be helped to understand and even contribute to organizational innovation spontaneously. The book contributes to advancing understanding of engagement from two main perspectives: first, the authors introduce an approach based on storymaking; second, six cases are studied in depth and the application of the digital storymaking approach is explained. The authors introduce new ways of organizing in a context of ongoing change, as they bring forth the idea that engagement is a continuous practice of designing meaningful narratives which connect people and evolve along with them. The book will appeal to both academics and practitioners across management fields. Scholars of innovation management and organization sciences will benefit from the extensive review of organizational transformation and innovation from a sensemaking perspective, whilst the practical, case studies provide a valuable resource for practitioners looking to effect change and manage transformation.
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| 12. |
- Cao, Ruiqing, et al.
(författare)
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Founder Stories and Entrepreneurial Identity of Craft-Based Ventures
- 2023
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Ingår i: Academy of Management annual meeting proceedings. - : Academy of Management. - 2376-7197 .- 0065-0668. ; 1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines how entrepreneurial identity influences product strategies and performance in craft ventures. Analyzing a large sample of entrepreneurs from Etsy, an online marketplace for handcraft products, we show that entrepreneurs’ personal experiences and values imprint on venture identity and lead to peculiar dynamics of business value creation. Specifically, craft ventures imprinted by the personal story of their founders offer a narrower range of items, sell lower volumes, and underprice their products. They also earn a higher reputation among customers, which implies an over-commitment to quality. These unusual dynamics emerge through entrepreneurs’ search for authenticity, reputation and audience. Imprinting of personal experiences and values has more influence on product strategies when entrepreneurs find meaning in and emphasize their commitment to the act of handmaking.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Dell'Era, C, et al.
(författare)
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Designing an Omni-Experience to Save Retailing : Lessons from an Italian Book Retailer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Research Technology Management. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 0895-6308 .- 1930-0166. ; 63:3, s. 24-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overview: Online-based retailers have made competing in the physical retail industry increasingly challenging. Building strong experiences to differentiate from the online-based players is key to survival. Brands can leverage different forms of engagement, such as sensorial or cognitive ones, to support their customer experience. "Read, Eat, Dream" (RED), a new concept by LaFeltrinelli, the major Italian bookseller, is an example of how to create an "omni-experience" by leveraging customers' lifestyles. This article outlines how LaFeltrinelli conceptualized and implemented the RED concept and presents four key design elements central to creating an omni-experience. By creating an omni-experience, retailers can transform from fulfillment centers to spaces where customers can engage, which in turn increases the length of their visit and occasions for purchase. An omni-experience also establishes the retail store as a reference point for some customers' specific activities.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Dell’Era, Claudio, et al.
(författare)
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Figures of Speech as Semantic Operators in the Innovation Process
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Innovation Management. - : Emerald. - 1460-1060 .- 1758-7115. ; 4:2, s. 155-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product functionalities aim to satisfy the operative needs of the customer, while product meanings (i.e. the emotion and the symbolic values represented by the product) aim to satisfy the emotional and socio‐cultural needs of the customer. What consumers are increasingly looking for in consumer products are new forms of psychological satisfaction that go beyond normal and simple consumption; today, more than ever, products define their own presence not only through their attributes, but also through the meanings that they assume, through the dialogue that they establish with the user, and also through the symbolic nature that they emanate. Figures of speech can be exploited to emphasise a message or a meaning. The purpose of this paper is to propose an application of rhetorical figures to product design that will make them more communicative.Design/methodology/approachSpecifically, the authors propose the “Rhetorical Innovation Process” as a methodology that foresees the application of figures of speech as semantic operators. First, the authors discuss several product innovations that can be interpreted according to the “Rhetorical Innovation Process”. Then, a brief workshop assignment in the strategic design course at the Faculty of Industrial Design of Politecnico di Milano explored the potentialities of the method in relation to different product typologies: 40 Italian master students were divided into eight groups (five industrial design students each) in order to develop five products per group.FindingsThe results obtained by design students demonstrated as figures of speech can stimulate associations with other contexts and modifications to existing architecture. The exploration of the “rhetorical innovation process” in collaboration with eight design student teams has shown that this method can support and enrich the concept generation phase. Moreover, four configurations proposed by the “rhetorical innovation process” allow one to generate different alternatives supporting the creative process and allowing the identification of strengths and weaknesses associated to each solution.Originality/valueThe method described in the paper elucidates the structure and process adopted by several designers and also illustrates an effective framework for communicating choices to their clients. In particular, the cross‐context associations proposed in the “rhetorical innovation process” provide additional insights and incentives during the concept generation.
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| 18. |
- Dell'Era, C, et al.
(författare)
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Four kinds of design thinking: From ideating to making, engaging, and criticizing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 1467-8691 .- 0963-1690. ; 29:2, s. 324-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design thinking is spreading extremely rapidly among organizations in terms of interest and practices. Far from being linked to the "form" of products, design thinking is accepted as a formal creative problem-solving method with the intent to foster innovation. However, the spread of design thinking in practice has not been coupled with a similarly rapid and robust diffusion of its theoretical underpinnings. This paper aims to clarify the theoretical contribution of design thinking by identifying the practices that connote different interpretations of the paradigm. Moreover, we investigate the innovation challenges that the adoption of the design thinking paradigm aims to address. From an empirical perspective, through 47 case studies of consulting organizations that provide advisory services based on the design thinking paradigm in Italy, we identify four different interpretations of the paradigm characterized by different practices: creative problem solving, sprint execution, creative confidence, and innovation of meaning.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Landoni, Paolo, et al.
(författare)
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A taxonomy of competition-based approaches as innovation policy measures to foster external knowledge search
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Knowledge Management. - : Emerald Publishing Limited. - 1758-7484 .- 1367-3270. ; 27:11, s. 136-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to provide a comprehensive view of the different competition-based approaches that policymakers can exploit to foster external knowledge search and their positioning among innovation policy measures. A growing number of companies have implemented initiatives to access external knowledge to increase their innovativeness, consistently with the open innovation paradigm. Competition-based approaches have received increasing attention by the private sector as a way to access external knowledge. However, despite their potential role as innovation policy measures, a limited attention has been devoted so far to investigate them from the policymakers’ perspective. Design/methodology/approach: To this aim, a two-stage empirical analysis has been carried out to develop a taxonomy of competition-based approaches. The first stage leveraged a multiple case study methodology including a sample of 20 competition-based approaches, while the second one leveraged interviews with Italian and European key informants. Findings: This paper proposes a novel taxonomy including eight competition-based approaches, which differ among each other in terms of policy strategy, scope breadth and output required. Moreover, this paper enriches a well-established taxonomy of innovation policy instruments with the identified competition-based approaches. Originality/value: This study contributes to the current debate on innovation policy by providing a taxonomy that includes eight competition-based approaches that can be exploited by policymakers to foster external knowledge search as well as their positioning among the innovation policy instruments. The taxonomy will hopefully support policymakers in identifying of the most suitable instruments in the light of their policy strategy and objectives.
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| 22. |
- Landoni, Paolo, et al.
(författare)
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Design Contribution to the Competitive Performance of SMEs : The Role of Design Innovation Capabilities
- 2016
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - : Wiley. - 0963-1690 .- 1467-8691. ; 25:4, s. 484-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The strategic role of design-driven innovation is being increasingly recognized. Many studies show that investments in design positively influence the innovative capacity of firms and consequently their competitive performance. However, few researchers have explored how this relationship comes about. The studies that over the years have contributed to the understanding of design have identified two main barriers: the lack of a common language on design, and poor analysis of the dynamics that characterize the relationship between investment in design and competitive performance. In this paper, we investigate six small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located in the Lombardy region of Italy that have received funding from a policy aimed to develop design innovation capabilities. We identify and discuss five different design innovation capabilities and we analyse their role in mediating the relationship between investment in design and competitive performance.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Linse, Charlotta
(författare)
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Ambiguity at the heart of design work : Sensing and negotiating ambiguity in knowledge-creation work
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ambiguities have long intrigued design and new product development (NPD) researchers: The fascination seems rooted in an endeavor to understand how design outcomes may be created despite the ambiguous nature of such work. There are several classic contributions on how to categorize, avoid and approach ambiguities. Some of the newer theories have also pointed to benefits arising from temporarily sustaining ambiguity.Little research has considered how ambiguities emerge, how ambiguities are sensed by practitioners, and the actions the practitioners take, either to harness or to reduce the generative and transformative power of ambiguity, however.This is unfortunate, since ambiguities are at the heart of such knowing-work. If one does not know how to sense the emergence of ambiguities and act to reduce or harness their generative and transformative power, i.e. negotiate ambiguity, the work might become unproductive, confused, uncreative, and might require more energy and attention.The purpose of this research is to portray how ambiguities emerge and are negotiated in knowing-work. This is achieved by drawing on two cases of design and NPD work, from practice epistemology.The results indicated that the emerging ambiguities changed in the ongoing work, some being reduced, others becoming obsolete or persisting. The results also included five generalized actions to negotiate ambiguity: (1) constructing points of references, (2) mediating between perspectives, (3) anchoring in expertise, (4) disarming future resistance, and (5) creating shared visions.This research has concluded that the very essence of design work concerns the emergence and fading away of ambiguity. The actions taken to negotiate ambiguity mediates the emergence of the design outcome. This research makes two contributions: first, it illustrates how ambiguities open up design work by creating a space for action; second, it illustrates how actions to negotiate ambiguity maneuver in this space for action.
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| 25. |
- Magistretti, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
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Look for New Opportunities in Existing Technologies: Leveraging Temporal and Spatial Dimensions to Power Discovery
- 2020
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Ingår i: Research Technology Management. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 0895-6308 .- 1930-0166. ; 63:1, s. 39-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several approaches to developing new technologies are available to companies, but few studies explore how the development process can reveal hidden opportunities in existing technologies. This paper investigates the technology development process to consider how they can discover opportunities that generate higher value for users. Implementing a five-step framework in the discovery process can help identify new opportunities and reveal new application fields for existing technologies.
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| 26. |
- Magistretti, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
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Searching for the right application: A technology development review and research agenda
- 2020
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Ingår i: Technological Forecasting and Social Change. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1625. ; 151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today's world is characterized by a continuous evolution in the demand and supply of new technology solutions, challenging the way companies pursue and manage technology development. Indeed, companies can no longer take decades to develop new technologies, but are compelled to deliver technologies in a short space of time. Despite the ample literature on the different technology development processes, the main factors influencing the creation of technological solutions remain unclear. The problem is no longer identifying a new process for developing a technology, but understanding which elements can guide the selection of the best approach for the situation faced. The aim of this study is therefore to provide a systematic literature review of technology development studies to contribute to shed lights on how companies can develop technology to foster innovations in a society that is continuously evolving its technological needs. The analysis of 187 articles highlights that process, organization, and knowledge are the three key dimensions that influence every technology development process. Thus, two main dichotomies emerge (i) linear vs iterative on the process level, (ii) designing vs finding on the knowledge level. Accordingly, we propose a research agenda based on a framework mapping the four resulting approaches.
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| 27. |
- Magistretti, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
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The contribution of Design Thinking to the R of R&D in technological innovation
- 2022
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Ingår i: R&D Management. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 1467-9310 .- 0033-6807. ; 52:1, s. 108-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Literature on Design Thinking has mainly focused on whether its key principles enhance performance in the development phase (the D of R&D) of the technological innovation process. However, it has dedicated scant attention to the earlier research phase (the R of R&D). This aspect is surprising, given that many innovations fail as a result of early research actions and decisions. This article examines how it is possible and desirable to apply Design Thinking to the research phase of the technological innovation process. How can Design Thinking support innovation, even when advanced breakthrough technologies are at stake, the market is distant, and product applications and specific user needs have not been identified yet? To respond to this question, we investigate the research work of the design center of a global electronics company that uses a design approach called Proxemics to envision future interactions between bodies (people), objects (technology), and spaces (context). Although Proxemics is consistent with and implements the human centeredness and experimentation principles of Design Thinking, results of this study show that its logics and tools are different from those used in Design Thinking in the D of R&D due to the more abstract nature of the tasks in the R of R&D. © 2021 The Authors. R&D Management published by RADMA and John WileyXX1Sons Ltd.
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| 28. |
- Magistretti, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
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The microfoundations of design sprint: how Johnson & Johnson cultivates innovation in a highly regulated market
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Knowledge Management. - : Emerald. - 1758-7484 .- 1367-3270. ; 25:11, s. 88-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Mastering innovation in highly regulated markets might require companies to overcome significant barriers. Rules, laws and limitations on social, economic and institutional dimensions can hinder the ability of a company to transfer knowledge within and across organizational boundaries. However, as recent research in innovation management increasingly advocates user involvement and early understanding of user needs as best practices, the inability to freely interact with customers due to highly regulated market restrictions can hinder the company’s capability to innovate. Hence, this paper aims to shed light on how an emerging managerial approach, such as Design Sprint, can support companies operating in highly regulated markets to overcome user involvement limitations and boost human-centered innovation. Design/methodology/approach: This paper sheds light on how to boost innovation in a highly regulated market by leveraging an in-depth case study. The study investigates the use of the Design Sprint approach adopted by the pharmaceutical multinational JohnsonXX1Johnson to revise the way its R&D department orchestrates the new product development process, overcoming the user involvement challenges of highly regulated markets. Findings: In analyzing six different projects undertaken in the past two years, the findings illustrate three microfoundational dimensions of the Design Sprint approach in highly regulated markets, the so-called 3T model: team, time and tools. Indeed, deploying the Design Sprint in a highly regulated market has proven that being able to experiment in the early stages, building rough prototypes in real-time and openly collaborating with partners is crucial to boost innovation and anticipate constraints. Originality/value: The paper sheds light on the Design Sprint approach by initially grounding an emerging managerial approach on organizational and management theory, leveraging the lens of microfoundations. In doing so, this study suggests how Design Sprint is based on the pillars of experimentation, knowledge transfer and co-creation usually neglected in highly regulated markets where user involvement is challenging. Finally, this study discloses the importance of using a design-based methodology in fostering innovation in highly regulated markets. © 2021, Stefano Magistretti, Luis Allo, Roberto Verganti, Claudio Dell'Era, Felix Reutter.
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| 29. |
- Magnanini, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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Convergence in innovation: the perception of synthesis in articulating a new strategic vision
- 2023
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Ingår i: Innovation: Organization & Management. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge). - 2204-0226 .- 1447-9338. ; 25:3, s. 305-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The collaborative creation of a new strategic vision is recognised by scholars and practitioners as a key factor for the success of innovation initiatives. However, it is still unclear how people converge towards a new vision, as creative abrasions and tensions can occur when different ideas are brought together to create a shared interpretation. Whereas literature about synthesis has described extensively how this mechanism can be used to integrate different perspectives to generate a novel outcome, there is a lack of research regarding the perception of synthesis within a setting where a sense of agreement and ideological alignment is needed to allow people to pursue innovation. This study investigates how people perceive a collaborative process based on synthesis when converging towards a new strategic vision. It has been developed within the research programme IDeaLs in partnership with Sorgenia, an Italian utility company. As part of an action research project, a collaborative process based on synthesis has been jointly developed and applied to engage 60 employees to let them converge towards an innovative vision. Results enrich previous literature in collaborative visioning, showing how individuals feel different perceptions according to their role in the collaborative process, whether they propose an idea or improve those of others. Enhancing an idea can lead individuals to side with other viewpoints, while evaluating others' contributions could be detrimental for idea integration. We suggest how leveraging contradictions through criticism can help individuals deepen concepts and develop a meaningful outcome, enriching literature about synthesis in innovation management.
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| 30. |
- Magnanini, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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IDeaLs (innovation and design as leadership) : Transformation in the digital era
- 2021. - 1st
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As society faces significant disruptions, the need for transformative innovation has never been more vital. However, this urgency is challenged in the digital era, characterized by incessant new technologies, extreme connectivity, and data transparency. Leaders seeking transformative innovation in the digital era face a new dilemma: socially orchestrating the synchronization of ideas that simultaneously encourages collective action. IDeaLs - Innovation and Design as Leadership - was established to research this conundrum. Inspired by the actual transformation journeys of multinational companies, and based on research with 7 global companies, IDeaLs explores how re-framing our traditional theories through the lens of Humanism reveals opportunities for a more integrated approach to engaging people for systemic change. To empower innovation leaders, the dimensions of IDeaLs build a scaffold for systemic awareness and conscious intent called Design-Driven Transformation. This evolving research agenda aims to examine in-depth the potency of an integrated approach, laying a foundation for more systemic ways to engage people and transform existing situations into preferred futures.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Micheli, Pietro, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of industrial Design : The "means" and the "ends"’
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Product Innovation Management. - : Wiley. - 0737-6782 .- 1540-5885. ; 29:5, s. 687-704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is widely accepted that industrial design can play an important role in the development of innovative products, but integrating design-thinking into new product development (NPD) is a challenge. This is because industrial designers have very different perspectives and goals than the other members of the NPD team, and this can lead to tensions. It has been postulated that the communications between NPD managers and industrial designers are made more difficult because each group uses very different language. This research made the first empirical investigation of the language used by designers and managers in describing “good” and “poor” industrial design. In-depth interviews were conducted with a sample of 19 managers and industrial designers at five leading companies. Multiple sources of data were utilized, including the repertory grid technique to elicit the key attributes of design, from the perspective of managers and designers. Using a robust, systematic coding approach to maximize the validity and reliability of qualitative data analysis, it was established that managers and industrial designers do not use a completely different vocabulary as previously supposed. Rather, it was found that managers and industrial designers use some common terms augmented by additional terms that are specific to each group: managers are commercially orientated in the “ends” they want to achieve and designers perceive more antecedents (“means”) necessary to achieve their “ends”—iconic design. This research led to a grounded conceptual model of the role of design, as perceived by managers and industrial designers. The implications of the results achieved are wide: they indicate how managers and designers can interact more productively during NPD; they highlight the need for more research on the language of designers and managers; and they point to issues that need to be covered in the education of industrial designers. Finally, this work suggests how managers and designers can engage in a more fruitful dialogue that will help to make NPD more productive.
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| 33. |
- Sala, Alessandro, et al.
(författare)
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R&D networks : an evaluation framework
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology Management. - 0267-5730 .- 1741-5276. ; 53:1, s. 19-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 34. |
- Stigliani, Ileana, et al.
(författare)
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Framing the multifaceted nature of design thinking in addressing different innovation purposes
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Long Range Planning. - : Elsevier. - 1873-1872 .- 0024-6301. ; 55:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scholars and practitioners acknowledge the role of design, and specifically design thinking, as a driver of innovation and change. Design thinking is gaining attention in the business community beyond the traditional product innovation realm and is increasingly promoted as an engine for the creation of novel user experiences, new businesses, strategic transformation, organizational and cultural change. Is it reasonable to assume that the same set of practices fits such a broad range of applications equally well? This study addresses how design thinking applications are differently framed when addressing diverse innovation purposes. Specifically, we compare two purposes: innovation of solutions, encompassing traditional product and service development projects, and innovation of direction, encompassing strategic and organizational renewal projects. Based on data collected from 146 design thinking projects conducted by European consulting firms we investigate the relationships between the design thinking practices adopted and the value generated by the projects. We then analyze how these relationships vary depending on the purpose of the innovation project, namely whether focused on innovating solutions or direction. The results show that different purposes indeed call for different practices. In projects aimed at innovating solutions, market value is positively related to capturing current user needs and envisioning future society. Conversely, in projects aimed at innovating direction, market value is positively related to challenging current assumptions. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
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| 35. |
- Trabucchi, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Attitude vs involvement: a systematic literature review at the intersection between engagement and innovation
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Innovation Management. - : Emerald. - 1758-7115 .- 1460-1060. ; 24:5, s. 1730-1762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose In a world where innovation became a "buzzword" and everyone within companies is required to foster innovation, the engagement of people toward innovation is fundamental to prompt individual motivation and actions to make innovation happen. However, despite the relevance of the relationship between engagement and innovation, the literature on the topic appears still fragmented. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the topic through a systematic literature review. Design/methodology/approach A final sample of 108 papers has been selected and analyzed through co-citation and text mining analyses. The former enabled the analysis of the structure of the theoretical foundation of the filed, while the latter facilitated a systematic and unbiased content-driven review of the literature. Findings The results of the analysis indicated two main areas of interest describing the relationship between engagement and innovation. On the one hand, there is the focus on "engagement as an attitude," intended as the capacity of individuals to generate and realize innovation. On the other hand, there is a stream of literature focused on "engagement as involvement," which refers to co-innovation paradigms, involving both internal and external stakeholders. Research limitations/implications From an academic perspective, this paper highlights the relevance of the "human-side" of innovation, proposing avenues for future research that dig into the relationship between people's engagement and innovation dynamics. Moreover, it shows how the recent developments in the innovation management literature are coherent with this emerging relevance of the human perspective in innovation. Practical implications From a practitioner's perspective, this paper helps managers by highlighting the two different approaches that they can have in terms of engagement. The study aims to help them in identifying the kind of engagement they are looking for in their employees and other innovation stakeholder having the support to find relevant studies in that direction. Originality/value The study unveils how the evolution of both areas over the years is strictly related to the megatrends of innovation fields, which are the main areas of knowledge not covered yet. Therefore, a research agenda is proposed.
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| 36. |
- Trabucchi, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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How do human relationships change in the digital environment after COVID-19 pandemic? The road towards agility
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Innovation Management. - : Emerald. - 1758-7115 .- 1460-1060. ; 25:6, s. 821-849
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a global digitalization of organizational activities: the pandemic forced people and organizations to profoundly review values, purposes and norms. However, the research on how digital technologies impact human relationships and interactions at work results fragmented. Still, the importance of understanding which behaviors and norms enhance social interactions and organizational performances in digital environments remains critical, especially after COVID-19 advent. Therefore, this study explores how human relationships change in a wholly digital environment and what to expect for the new normal. Design/methodology/approach The study first explores the research gap through a systematic literature review to clearly understand what emerged so far. Second, through semi-structured interviews and a focus group, an empirical analysis was conducted. Findings Findings suggest that both work and emotional dimensions are crucial to nurturing human relationships in a digital environment. More precisely, the study unveils the need for innovative leaders to review their approaches to communication and the work experience and consider the emotional dimension in terms of community purpose and individual well-being, while identifying rituals as an overlapping tool. Finally, the authors propose a parallelism between these results and the agile revolution to inspire leaders to rethink their leadership and behaviors getting closer to the agile approach, which may represent a valuable way to rethink human relations in our professional environment. Originality/value The paper sheds light on an ongoing phenomenon that touches the lives of each organizational actor. The two-step structure hopes to provide both a structured base of the knowledge developed to date, proposing a systematic view of what has been studied since the outbreak of the pandemic to date and to provide insights for future developments.
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| 37. |
- Trabucchi, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Quantity or quality? Value creation in two-sided platforms
- 2021
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Ingår i: Technology Analysis and Strategic Management. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 1465-3990 .- 0953-7325. ; 33:2, s. 162-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-sided platforms emerged as a more common business model, mainly due to the spread of digital technologies. Economic literature suggests a 'quantity'-driven strategy to enhance the cross-side network externalities at the basis of the system. Nevertheless, the widespread of this business model lets emerge different peculiarities worth exploring. This research aims to examine the role of a 'quality'-driven strategy in welcoming players on the platforms' sides in the value perceived by the other side. The research is based on a qualitative study develop through eight case studies based on primary and secondary sources. Five of them let emerge a 'quantity'-driven strategy, while three of them a 'quality'-driven strategy, which is presented and discussed regarding the type of platforms. From a theoretical perspective, it distinguishes 'quantity'-driven from 'quality'-driven strategies in bringing players onboard on the platform, expanding the literature that considered quality as a main characteristic of the platform provider, rather than the players on it. Moreover, it suggests a strong link with the lifecycle phase. From a managerial perspective, it highlights operational tactics for both 'quantity'-driven and 'quality'-driven strategies and - more importantly - it suggests a possible integration of the two strategies.
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| 38. |
- Trabucchi, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Story-making to nurture change: creating a journey to make transformation happen
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Knowledge Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing. - 1758-7484 .- 1367-3270. ; 26:11, s. 427-460
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To overcome change management challenges, organizations often rely on stories as means of communication. Storytelling has emerged as a leading change management tool to influence and bring people on sharing knowledge. Nevertheless, this study aims to suggest stories of change as a more effective tool that helps people in taking action toward transformation processes. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply design science research to develop and evaluate how writing a prospective story engages organizational actors in the transformation process. The authors test the story-making artifact in a field study with five companies and 115 employees who participated in 75 workshops. Findings Using the findings to discuss the role of story-making in facilitating the emergence of new behaviors in transformation processes, the authors link story-making with the opportunity to make change happen through knowledge dissemination rather than merely understanding it. Research limitations/implications The authors illustrate the role of iterations, peers and self-criticism that help story-makers embrace sense-making, developing a shared knowledge based that influence individual actions. Practical implications The authors propose the story-making approach that organizations can follow to nurture change to make transformation happen through knowledge cocreation. Originality/value The research explores story-making as an individual act of writing prospective stories to facilitate the emergence of new behaviors through shared knowledge.
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| 39. |
- Verganti, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
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Design thinking: Critical analysis and future evolution
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Product Innovation Management. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 1540-5885 .- 0737-6782. ; 38:6, s. 603-622
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The importance of design as a source of value creation has been studied for decades. In the late 90s, however, a specific approach in the practice of design achieved a rapid diffusion across organizations: Design Thinking. This is a formal method for creative problem solving characterized by user-centeredness, ideation, and iterative prototyping. The rapid diffusion of Design Thinking in practice has not been coupled with similarly rapid and robust development of its theoretical underpinnings. Most contributions have been inward-oriented toward a confined community of scholars; therefore, the scientific discourse on Design Thinking has unfolded in a vacuum-often independently from other innovation management theories. The consequence has been that Design Thinking is often confused (especially among those new to the field) with the entire practice of design. Subsequently, we still lack an understanding on whether, why, and when Design Thinking contributes to innovation. In this editorial, we discuss the journey to the Special Issue "Design Thinking and Innovation Management: Matches, Mismatches and Future Avenues" that intends to critically reflect and enrich the scientific debate around Design Thinking. First, we aim at clarifying the distinction between "design" and "Design Thinking." The former is a practice, to be studied; the latter is a paradigm, that is, a set of specific principles, methods, and tools to practice design. Second, we offer a brief overview of the community that has been investigating Design Thinking, a synthesis of the ten papers included in the Special Issue (distributed across this and the next issue), and show how they contribute to close the theoretical and empirical gaps with innovation studies. Finally, we suggest that the paradigm of Design Thinking is significantly contingent: its diffusion and success have been favored by the emergence of specific contextual conditions (substantially by the ubiquitous diffusion of digital technologies in direct interaction with users). As the context is dramatically shifting again, we wonder whether Design Thinking will keep its relevance and ability to support organizations in addressing the new challenges ahead? We address this question with the support of a contingent framework to position several design paradigms and suggest that the context ahead, where problems have multiple stakeholders and are undefined, will require the emergence of new paradigms characterized by a systemic (rather than user-centered) and reflective (rather than ideative) practice. We therefore propose a few research questions that will hopefully encourage and shape future scholarly efforts into the study of the design practice for innovation in organizations.
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| 40. |
- Verganti, Roberto
(författare)
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Designing Breakthrough Products
- 2011
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Ingår i: Harvard Business Review. - 0017-8012. ; 89:10, s. 114-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 41. |
- Verganti, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation and Design in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Product Innovation Management. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 1540-5885 .- 0737-6782. ; 37:3, s. 212-227
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the heart of any innovation process lies a fundamental practice: the way people create ideas and solve problems. This "decision making" side of innovation is what scholars and practitioners refer to as "design." Decisions in innovation processes have so far been taken by humans. What happens when they can be substituted by machines? Artificial Intelligence (AI) brings data and algorithms to the core of the innovation processes. What are the implications of this diffusion of AI for our understanding of design and innovation? Is AI just another digital technology that, akin to many others, will not significantly question what we know about design? Or will it create transformations in design that current theoretical frameworks cannot capture?This paper proposes a framework for understanding the design and innovation in the age of AI. We discuss the implications for design and innovation theory. Specifically, we observe that, as creative problem-solving is significantly conducted by algorithms, human design increasingly becomes an activity of sensemaking, that is, understanding which problems should or could be addressed. This shift in focus calls for the new theories and brings design closer to leadership, which is, inherently, an activity of sensemaking.Our insights are derived from and illustrated with two cases at the frontier of AI-Netflix and Airbnb (complemented with analyses of Microsoft and Tesla)-which point to two directions for the evolution of design and innovation in firms. First, AI enables an organization to overcome many past limitations of human-intensive design processes, by improving the scalability of the process, broadening its scope across traditional boundaries, and enhancing its ability to learn and adapt on the fly. Second, and maybe more surprising, while removing these limitations, AI also appears to deeply enact several popular design principles. AI thus reinforces the principles of Design Thinking, namely: being people-centered, abductive, and iterative. In fact, AI enables the creation of solutions that are more highly user centered than human-based approaches (i.e., to an extreme level of granularity, designed for every single person); that are potentially more creative; and that are continuously updated through learning iterations across the entire product life cycle.In sum, while AI does not undermine the basic principles of design, it profoundly changes the practice of design. Problem-solving tasks, traditionally carried out by designers, are now automated into learning loops that operate without limitations of volume and speed. The algorithms embedded in these loops think in a radically different way than a designer who handles the complex problems holistically with a systemic perspective. Algorithms instead handle complexity through very simple tasks, which are iterated continuously. This paper discusses the implications of these insights for design and innovation management scholars and practitioners.
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| 42. |
- Verganti, Roberto
(författare)
-
Innovation and leadership in the new normal: A fundamental shift in how organizations need to create innovation and practice leadership is on the way
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sweden through the crisis. - Stockholm : Stockholm School of Economics Institute for Research. - 9789186797386 ; , s. 217-227
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this article, Roberto Verganti argues that COVID-19 brings about a fundamental shift in how organizations need to create innovation and practice leadership. Instead of focusing on “disrupting competitors”, the new normal requires a greater emphasis on collaboration and co-creation. The reason for this is that the world is so unpredictable. As Verganti puts it “pretending to know is the most dramatic mistake we could make”.
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| 43. |
- Verganti, Roberto, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Interpreting and Envisioning - A Hermeneutic Framework to look at Radical Innovation of Meanings
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 42:1, s. 86-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent success of companies that compete through design has raised an interest on how to innovate the customer experience of a product or service. Even in industrial markets firms are increasingly moving beyond the improvement of functional performance, to address a deeper redefinition of the reason why their clients buy and use a product, what we call a ”radical innovation of product meanings”. Whereas there is a wide body of literature about technological innovation, we still lack robust theoretical frameworks that explain how companies can successfully propose new experiences and new interpretations of what a product is meant for. The purpose of this article is to stimulate and support the development of studies on radical innovation of meaning by providing a new theoretical lens. We propose hermeneutics as a valubale perspective to investigate the radical innovation of product meanings. Differently than classic innovation theories, where innovation tend to be considered either as a process of problem solving or as a process of ideation, hermeneutics provides a framework to look at innovation as a process of interpreting (of developing meaningful scenarios rather than finding an optimal solution) and envisioning (of imagining experiences that are still not asked for, rather than answering to existing needs). We illustrate that, in this process, external networks have a central role as they feed a continuous debate about what is or is not meaningful. Hermeneutics, therefore, is useful to shed light on how external players may significantly affect the way a firm reframe its interpretation of the competitive context and give meaning to things. The article is conceptual in nature, since it aims at providing a theoretical platform which other scholars may build on: the purpose is to provide an indication of a possible direction to spur a cumulative process of knowledge development, rather than a conclusion. Yet, we support our arguments for the use of hermeneutics in exploring the radical innovation of meaning with examples and cases from our preliminary analyses, mostly in the fields of robotics and healthcare.
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| 44. |
- Verganti, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
-
Let's move on! How pair collaboration activates resilience toward innovation crises
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Management Journal. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1873-5681 .- 0263-2373. ; 42:2, s. 186-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores how resilience is activated in pairs fostering innovation. On the one hand, a growing body of literature affirms pairs as a form of collaboration adept at instigating and developing breakthrough innovations. On the other hand, innovation inevitably entails failures and setbacks requiring resilience to thrive. As such, numerous scholars call for investigating how resilience works at different level of analysis in organizations: while much has been said at the individual and organizational levels, the literature is mostly silent on how resilience is activated and emerges through social connections. Therefore, this study explores how resilience emerges, and how it is nurtured and sustained in pairs facing innovation crises. Our multiple case study using data from ten innovation pairs in different industries shows that a pair's intimate environment enables resilience, and this intimacy activates two dynamics. First, it facilitates compassionate witnessing, the creation of cohesiveness within the pair, and mutual engagement to move forward. Second, it enables relational redundancy with actors both within and outside the pair's reference group, which is crucial to understanding who to trust and which direction to pursue. From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes to the literature on resilience and pairs. From a managerial perspective, our study suggests relying on pairs as a possible form of collaboration to nurture resilience in innovation.
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| 45. |
- Verganti, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
-
Pairs in innovation: How working in pairs helps organisations to move into a new shared direction
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation Management. - : World Scientific Publishing. - 1363-9196. ; 24:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovation is a collaborative act. Thus, a lot of attention has been paid to teamwork as the prevalent approach for innovation in companies. However, teams also present limits, due to conflicts and compromises when converging. This study, which focuses on the development of innovative directions, explores the nature of collaboration by looking at the purest unit of collaboration: the pair. We isolate the case of pair collaboration and investigate, through empirical investigations, the sensemaking process people accomplish and how it is affected by those tensions that affect teams when innovating. We observe how innovation unfolds when people move from creating individually, in pair and finally in team. Findings suggest that the pair creates an intimate environment where innovative thinking, alignment and engagement flourish and that it is a good intermediate step towards teamwork. This paper acknowledges an underestimated dynamic of innovation, pair collaboration, which has real potential to address one of organisations' most problematic challenges: people engagement and convergence towards an innovative direction.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Wikström, Anders, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring storyboarding in prebrief activities
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. ; , s. 11-20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Creating ideas is no longer seen as a challenge within companies, creative sessions and brainstorming is widespread in most companies. However, when creating a design brief there is a lack of tools and methods finding problems and framing situations of interest. This paper examines the characteristics of storyboarding, the making of the storyboard, in pre-brief activities. In an explorative study 54 teams participating in an idea development workshop is analyzed. The workshop was developed using theories from design, visual thinking and narrative, using visual tools in every step with a focus on framing a situation of interest. This study provides an initial understanding of storyboarding in a new area and tentatively suggests that storyboarding stimulate creativity and reflection on emotions in the situation of interest. It also seems like storyboarding stimulates teams in organizing and discussing raw data widely. Storyboarding seems promising as a method but needs to be compared to the traditional way of describing a brief, a written document. An experiment is suggested to evaluate the differences between pre-brief activities made with storyboarding compared to written.
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| 48. |
- Wikström, Anders, 1968-
(författare)
-
Storyboarding : Framing and Reframing Opportunities in the Front-Front end of Innovation
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This research proposes that design and visual thinking in combination with narrative theory contribute to enhance knowledge of innovation processes and support managers in their work. In particular, the focus is on the use of Storyboarding to support a better definition of a project’s brief. Innovation studies have shown that the initial phases of innovation processes (typically called the “front end of innovation”) are crucial for success. A proper definition of a brief, that occurs at the front of the front end, is therefore one of the most relevant events in innovation. This study investigates the early phases of innovation by developing and evaluating a new method for developing a brief.First, an explorative approach has been used in order to develop knowledge of challenges in the front end of innovation and how design thinking, visual thinking and narratives can bring new insights in teamwork. In this explorative search the use of case studies has been employed. Then, the explorative search has focused onthe use of Storyboarding as a tool for reflection, and in particular for igniting dynamics of framing and reframing of innovation problems. Finally, in order to create a deeper knowledge in the use of storyboarding three hypotheses has been evaluated, four experiments has been conducted with the involvement of more than 60 people defining innovation briefs. In these experiments, storyboarding (visual and narrative) has been used to support “thinking” that leads to the brief. In other words, storyboarding has been seen as a process to enable innovation teams to think differently or more precisely, rather than just a tool to represent or to communicate the brief. The experiments show that using storyboarding has effects that can support innovation management. First, storyboarding is useful if management wants to “stimulate” a reflection on meaning when developing a brief, i.e. when they want an innovation team to consider both utilitarian and emotional/symbolic factors in an innovation process. Second, Storyboarding brings a narrower focus, compared to traditional written briefs, within the “area of interest” brought up by management, which sometimes may be asked for when the organization is in search for reframing the direction of innovation.
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| 49. |
- Wikström, Anders, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Storyboarding : Framing and reframing the design brief
- 2013
-
Ingår i: DS 75-7: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED13), Design for Harmonies, Vol.7: Human Behaviour in Design, Seoul, Korea, 19-22.08.2013.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents findings from an explanatory experiment, developing understandingabout Storyboarding in the front front end of innovation. The experiment set-up is to test howStoryboard is different from the common way of working before creating a design brief,writing documents, and to create a research agenda in order to explore this phenomena indepth. The experiment was performed in the context of a multidisciplinary conceptdevelopment course with eight teams. These teams were divided in two groups where onegroup created a Storyboard brief and the other a written brief. As results three hypotheses aredeveloped for further research. Also we conclude that Storyboard seems to be more promisingto support innovation projects that need focusing in a narrower area, but in that area moreopen to freedom of interpretation and reframing of a problem at its roots.
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| 50. |
- Wikström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Storyboarding - Framing the "frame" of opportunity
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design brief is commonly a written description of a scope for a design problem that requires some kind of visual design. The exploration of opportunities before formulating the design brief results in framing and reframing the problem to create a common shared understanding of the problem. In this paper the applicability of Storyboard, the actual making of the storyboard, and its values to the front-front end of innovation is examined. Experiments has been performed in order to test three hypotheses and validate the results, in total four experiments was performed consisting of 25 teams developing 17 concepts. The three hypotheses focus, regarding type of innovation, scope and level of ambiguity, creates understanding of the values storyboarding can add with regards to framing opportunity for innovation in the front-front end of innovation. The result shows that storyboarding contribute to a narrow focus in creating the brief. Regarding the innovation type the hypothesis could not be confirmed, but storyboarding enables a reflection on both meaning and function. There were also some indications on ambiguity in the brief, but this hypothesis was not confirmed.© 2013 The Design Society.
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