| 1. |
- Björk, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Health, lifestyle habits, and physical fitness among adults with ADHD compared with a random sample of a Swedish general population
- 2018
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Ingår i: Society, health and vulnerability. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2002-1518. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Persons with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) represent a high-risk population according to health and lifestyles. In the present study, 48 adults with ADHD were recruited to a forthcoming lifestyle intervention. The ADHD sample was matched to a random sample of 42 persons from a Swedish general population that was selected from LIV (a Lifestyle-Performance-Health project).Objective: To identify potential differences in health, lifestyle habits, and physical fitness between adults with and without ADHD.Method: Self-reported questionnaires and physical fitness tests.Results: The ADHD group show worse health outcomes with higher odds ratios for bad general health (OR;13 CI; (3,4–50)), and poorer lifestyle habits with higher odds ratios for low weekly exercise (OR; 3,8 CI; (1,2–13)). When adjusting for education, employment status, and cash margin, the ADHD sample did not show decreased aerobic fitness (OR; 0,9 CI; (0,8–1,0), but lower odds ratios for doing less sit-ups (OR; 0,6 CI; (0,4–0,9)) compared to the general population group.Conclusion: It is not possible to prove that the ADHD diagnosis itself cause the worse health and lifestyle. Other lifestyle factors may have negative consequences of adult ADHD, such as lower levels of education, less succeed in working life, and minor financial margins.
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| 2. |
- Björk, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives on Everyday Suffering among People with Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Concurrent Mental Disorders
- 2017
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Nursing. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; 7, s. 583-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the perceptions of everyday suffering among adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid mental disease. Directed content analysis guided by Eriksson’s theory on human suffering was performed on data from 20 individual interviews. Expressions of both suffering and well-being were identified; the former centred on loneliness and related to life, illness, and care, which supported Eriksson’s theory, whereas expressions of well-being related to ADHD diagnosis and supportive social relationships. Nevertheless, results indicate the need to expand those expressions in order to better contribute to developing a supportive rehabilitation regimen that can provide more interpersonal care.
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| 3. |
- Hagqvist, Emma, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Is the gap between experienced working conditions and the perceived importance of these conditions related to subjective health?
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Workplace Health Management. - 1753-8351 .- 1753-836X. ; 11:1, s. 2-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the gaps between experienced working conditions (WCs) and the perceived importance of these conditions in relation to subjective health in Swedish public sector workplaces.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 379 employees answered questions concerning WCs and health. Nine WC areas were created to measure the gap between the experienced WCs and the perceived importance of each condition. These WC areas were: physical work environment, social relationships, communication, leadership, job control, recognition, self-development, workplace culture and work/life satisfaction. Subjective health was measured using mental ill health, well-being and general health.FindingsThe results indicated relatively large gaps in all nine WC areas. Leadership, physical work environment and work/life satisfaction in particular seemed to be problematic areas with relatively large gaps, meaning that employees have negative experiences of these areas while perceiving these areas as very important. Additionally, all WC areas were significantly related to subjective health, especially regarding mental ill health and well-being; the larger the gaps, the worse the subjective health. The WC areas of work/life satisfaction, self-development, social relationships, communication and recognition had the highest relationships and model fits. This indicates that it is most problematic from an employee’s point of view if there are large gaps within these WC areas.Originality/valueThis study improves the understanding of workplace health by exploring the gap between experienced WCs and the perceived importance of these conditions.
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| 4. |
- Hagqvist, Emma, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The gender time gap : Time use among self-employed women and men compared to paid employees in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Time & Society. - 0961-463X .- 1461-7463. ; 28:2, s. 680-696
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, the authors set out to study the time use of men and women in Sweden, comparing self-employed and employed individuals. Previous studies indicate that there are reasons to believe that both gendered time use and mechanisms related to time use might differ between the self-employed and employees. Employing time use data, the aim was to study whether there are differences in gendered time use between self-employed individuals and employees in Sweden, and furthermore, which mechanism relates to gendered time use among self-employed individuals and employees. The results show that self-employed men and women distribute their time in a more gender-traditional manner than employees. In addition, relative resources are found to be an important factor related to gendered time use among the self-employed. For employees, gender relations tend to be a mechanism related to gendered time use. The conclusion is that working conditions are important for gendered time use and should be considered in future studies.
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| 5. |
- Hagqvist, Emma, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The leader identity - a means to experience conflict and constructing balance
- 2018
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Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organisation International Interdisciplinary Conference ABSTRACTS BOOKLET, 13-16 JUNE 2018. ; , s. 120-120
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Literature shows that self-employed individuals seem to experience more conflict between work and family demands than employees but variation is great, especially among self-employed men and women. For instance, studies suggest that women chooses self-employment as a strategy to balance work and family while men uses self-employment as a way to find employment and earnings. Many self-employed individuals describe a feeling of being always on. Self-employment is closely related to masculine values giving emphasis to long work hours and high job demands. Self-employment is an identity and impede men and women to draw a line between work and private life. It is often argued that this is not a problem in the Nordic countries because of high gender equality. However, quantitative data shows rather the opposite.Sparse literature suggest that both men and women use self-employment as a way to ease conflict between work and family. In recent years the concept of work-life enrichment has grown as an explanation how one role can improve quality in other roles easing conflicts. Research suggest that high job control for self-employed men and women eases conflict demand and perhaps create enrichment.In this study, we analyzed interview data from managers in 18 small scale enterprises (SSE), of which 8 were women and 10 men, in the central regions of Norway and Sweden aiming to gain a deeper understanding of how they men and women construct and relate to work and private life in their role as managers of SSEs.Preliminary results show that self-employed men and women narrate a strong identification in their leader identity resulting in a duality in relation to work and family. We identify that interviewees describe that conflict seams to part of the deal of being a leader. They describe how the strong leader identity legitimate a high level of conflict among both men and women. This is in line with the notion that self-employment builds on masculine values and women, though being the main responsible of the home, seem to construct these male values. Meanwhile, the strong leader identity is used as a way to construct balance. In their role as managers and leaders they are allowed to be flexible, more flexible than their employees. However, this flexibility is often used as a way to fit work around family. Lastly, interviewees describe how managerial identity contribute to a work-life enrichment. High job identification gave the leader self-esteem, skills and perspectives which produced a positive affect in relation to work.
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| 6. |
- Hagqvist, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Time strain among employed and self employed women and men in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Society, Health & Vulnerability. - : CoAction Publishing. - 2002-1518. ; 6, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dual-earner families are common in Sweden, and most women are involved in the labour market. It has been shown that employees and self-employed individuals perceive their working conditions differently: self-employed individuals are more likely to experience an imbalance between work and family, higher job demands, and the feeling that they must be ‘‘always on.’’ Thus, there may also be a difference between employees and self-employed individuals in terms of perceived time strain. Previous studies have identified differences in time-use patterns among men and women who are employed and self-employed. This study uses time-use data to examine potential gender differences among men and women who are self-employed and those who are employees with regard to time strain effects related to time spent on paid and unpaid work in Sweden. The results show that self-employed individuals, particularly self-employed women, report the highest levels of time strain. For self-employed women, an increase in the time spent on paid work reduces perceived time strain levels, whereas the opposite is true for employees and self-employed men. It is primarily individual and family factors, and not time use, that are related to time strain. The results provide evidence that gender differences in time strain are greater among self-employed individuals than among employees.
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| 7. |
- Hagqvist, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Time strain among self-employed women and men compared to employees in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Society, Health & Vulnerability. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2002-1518. ; 6:22 dec
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dual-earner families are common in Sweden, and most women are involved in the labour market. It has been shown that employees and self-employed individuals perceive their working conditions differently: self-employed individuals are more likely to experience an imbalance between work and family, higher job demands, and the feeling that they must be ‘‘always on.’’ Thus, there may also be a difference between employees and self-employed individuals in terms of perceived time strain. Previous studies have identified differences in time-use patterns among men and women who are employed and self-employed. This study uses time-use data to examine potential gender differences among men and women who are self-employed and those who are employees with regard to time strain effects related to time spent on paid and unpaid work in Sweden. The results show that self-employed individuals, particularly self-employed women, report the highest levels of time strain. For self-employed women, an increase in the time spent on paid work reduces perceived time strain levels, whereas the opposite is true for employees and self-employed men. It is primarily individual and family factors, and not time use, that are related to time strain. The results provide evidence that gender differences in time strain are greater among self-employed individuals than among employees.
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| 8. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Leader-Based Workplace Health Interventions — A Before–After Study in Norwegian and Swedish Small-Scale Enterprises
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disability Mangement Research. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1833-8550 .- 1834-4887. ; 11:e5, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to contribute to knowledge about leader-based workplace health interventions by investigating changes in psychosocial working conditions and health in Norwegian and Swedish small-scale enterprises (SSEs). The study also aims to investigate whether there are differences between position, and countries. In total, 30 leaders and 149 coworkers in 34 SSEs participated in two intervention and two reference groups. Leaders and coworkers completed the validated questionnaires (Nordic Questionnaire on Positive Organizational Psychology ([N-POP]), Work Experience Measurement Scale (WEMS), and Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS), which cover different psychosocial working conditions and health outcomes. The interventions were carried out by advisors from occupational health services (OHSs) over a one-year period and consisted of analyses of health and psychosocial working conditions, company visits, education and networking meetings, including information and tools on issues such as leadership, work environment and health, and leadership support. The statistical methods used included principal component analyses, reliability tests, paired sample t tests and three-way ANOVA. The results indicate a significant positive development concerning external job performance in the intervention groups. Regarding internal job performance, both the Norwegian intervention group and the reference group showed positive improvements. However, there were negative or nonsignificant developments for several of the psychosocial working conditions and health outcomes in the intervention groups. With regard to associations and interactions between the studied variables, there were significantly positive developments with regard to external job performance and sickness absences in the total intervention group. The study indicates that more thorough procedures and testing of leader-based interventions in SSEs are required.
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| 9. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Ledarfokuserade hälsofrämjande insatser i små företag: resultat och erfarenheter (Leader-based workplace health interventions in small enterprises: results and experiences)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Inkluderande och hållbart arbetsliv - Book of abstracts - FALF 2016. - Östersund. ; , s. 43-44
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leader-based workplace health interventions in small-scale enterprises: a pre post Study. Introduction Leader’s competence about health and working environment issues is of particular importance in small scale enterprises (SSEs). Studies indicate lack of tools for 44 Book of abstracts – FALF 2016implementation of working environment improvements and support from occupationalhealth services to develop such services towards SSE`s. The aim of the study was to investigate organizational-, psychosocial working environment- and health outcomes among leaders and employees in SSEs before and after workplace health interventions, and to contribute to knowledge about tools suited for implementation. Description Data presented is part of a research project concerning leader-based workplace health interventions in SSEs. 179 subjects, intervention group (103) and control group (76), from 32 SSE ́s in the middle part of Norway and Sweden participated. Leaders (N=30) and Employees (N=149) answered validated questionnaires (WEMS, SHIS and N-POP) covering organizational outcomes, psychosocial working conditions and health. The interventions were carried out by advisers from occupational health services, and consisted of courses, meetings including information, advices and tools for working on issues like leadership, working environment, and health during a one year period. Results Organizational outcomes as Job Performance indicatedan interaction in favor of intervention group compared to control group, and for leaders compared to employees. For Psychosocial working conditions, the Swedish leaders reported a positive change concerning pressure of Time. Regarding Health outcomes the Norwegian leaders reported a more positive development concerning sleep problems compared to employees in Norway, and leaders in Sweden. The Intervention group reported lower Sickness absence. Conclusion Leader-based interventions in SSE`s seems effectively to a limited extent. Time between pre and post intervention including measure points, might be too short to detect improvements over time.
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| 10. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Resistance Training in People at Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes and Their Experience of Health-Related Quality of Life
- 2016
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Ingår i: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 8, s. 1323-1334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background : Research indicates an association between impaired glucose metabolismand overweight, a serious public health problem involving an increased risk ofType 2 diabetes, related hypertension, and a reduced quality of life. Aim: The firstaim is to assess different dimensions of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) inoverweight individuals at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes compared to a normalpopulation. The second aim is to examine the impact of resistance training on thepre-post HRQoL dimension scores of the intervention group. Methods : Eighteenparticipants were randomly assigned to one of the two resistance training groups.Group 1 engaged in supervised maximal resistance training (Bernstein inverted pyramidsystem: 5× 3 - 4, 60% - 85% of 1 Repetition Maximum (RM)), three days/weekover four months, and Group 2 performed endurance resistance training (includinglower weight loads and more repetitions over four months). The intervention consistedof eight exercises involving the entire body. The subjects completed theShort-Form Health Survey (SF-36) on HRQoL. The HRQoL scores of the norm populationwere higher than those of people at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, andresistance training seemed to have a limited significant positive effect on the differentHRQoL dimensions.
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| 11. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Work Experience and Health before and after interventions among leaders and employees in small-scale enterprises
- 2016
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Ingår i: Decent Work: 4th Conference Disability Management. - Olten. ; , s. 26-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Workplace-based prevention and rehabilitation programs including strategy to change might contribute to increase employee health. The importance of leader competence in small scale enterprises (SSE´s) to prioritize health and adjusting the work-environment are important. Some studies indicate associations between psychosocial work environment factors and mental health, but contradicting findings suggest that good leadership does not substantially ameliorate any effects of emotional demands at work on employee mental health. The cost-effect for the society as whole, the enterprise alone and the workers employed e.g. regarding sick leave, injury rates, stable employment levels and other factors are complex. Traditionally there has been a focus on these factors mostly in large workplaces, but a broader understanding, sustainable standards, procedures, implementing methods, and more knowledge regarding leadership, health, work-environment, stress and health promoting interventions towards SSE´s is needed. Purpose and method: The aim of the study is to investigate Work Experience (WEMS) and Salutogenic Health (SHIS) changes among leaders and employees in SSEs pre-post intervention. Present study analyzed data from two questionnaires (WEMS, and SHIS) based on established theories regarding work and health. Leaders (N=30) and employees (N=149) from 32 small scale enterprises in the middle part of Norway and Sweden participated. The interventions were carried out by work environment advisers and consisted of meetings including information, advices and tools towards leaders and employees during a one year period. The methodology used to identify any pre-post changes, and changes between groups (ex. Norway-Sweden, leaders-employees) involved SPSS analyses with descriptive statistics, univariate analysis of variance and t-tests. Findings: The analysis revealed no positive significant changes from pre to post intervention for the total Index of SHIS, nor the total Index of WEMS. Some indications of changes however could be detected, were the main tendency was a negative development after intervention. The subindex of WEMS regarding Management (MT) though, yielded a significant effect of mean for leaders compared with employees after intervention. Conclusions: Present interventions towards leaders and employees regarding Work environment and Salutogenic health in SSE`s seems not to be sufficient. More knowledge regarding leadership, work-environment and health are crucial, and even more thorough procedures and testing of interventions in SSE´s needs to be carried out to improve these parameters.
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| 12. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Workplace Health Interventions and Physical Fitness Status among Managers of Small-Scale Enterprises in Norway and Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 8, s. 1697-1712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background : The ability of managers of small-scale enterprises (SSEs) to prioritize health, working conditions, and their own physical fitness is an important issue for workplace health promotion in Norway and Sweden, where most owner-manager positions are in SSEs. Aim : To assess the physical fitness status of SSE managers compared to a norm population and to study changes in physical fitness status, self-reported physical activity, and sickness outcomes after workplace health interventions. Methods : The study allocated SSE managers to either an intervention or a reference group. The intervention, over twelve months, consisted of motivational input related to lifestyle and physical activity through tests and feedback, individual support, and courses on health and psychosocial working conditions. The participants (N = 28) completed health screening checks, questionnaires and testing before and after the intervention. Results : SSE managers in the study had positive outcomes for BMI levels and strength compared to the norm population, while percentage of fat for both men and women indicated poor results. There were no further improvements in the intervention group after comparison with the reference group. Separately, both groups seemed to improve strength and body composition. Conclusion : Workplace health interventions with essentially motivational components may increase SSE managers’ attention to physical fitness, but appear to have limited effects on objective and subjective physical fitness outcomes.
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| 13. |
- Hedlund, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Tightrope walking : external impact factors on workplace health management in small-scale enterprises
- 2017
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Ingår i: Society, health and vulnerability. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2002-1518. ; 8:Sup 1, s. 53-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-scale enterprises (SSEs) are important for ensuring growth, innovation, job creation,and social integration in working life. Research shows that SSEs pay little attention to andhave insufficient competence in workplace health management. From the perspective ofmanagers, this study explores how external factors influence the development of thismanagement. The article refers to a case study among eight Norwegian and ten Swedishmanagers of SSEs in the middle part of Norway and Sweden. We used a stepwisequalitative approach to analyse data, using an interpretive indexing of main categories.Two main categories were found to have an influence on the development of workplacehealth management: (1) restricted leeway and (2) commitments. Concerning the first maincategory, areas that managers highlight as important comprise the legal framework andregulations; workforce and market situation, production, economy; and occupationalsafety and health issues. Areas related to the second main category were advice fromthe board, guidance from mentors, work-related networks, and family and friends asbuffers. One conclusion is that despite limited scope for developing workplace healthmanagement, managers find supportive guidance and inspiration from environments thatare committed to helping them and their enterprise.
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| 14. |
- Hedlund, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Tightrope walking - external impact factors on workplace health management in small-scale enterprises
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-scale enterprises (SSEs) are important for ensuring growth, innovation, job creation, in addition to social integration in working life. Research shows that SSEs pay little attention to and have insufficient competence in workplace health management. From the perspective of managers, this study explores how external factors influence the development of this management. The article refers to a case study between eight Norwegian and ten Swedish managers of SSEs in the middle part of Norway and Sweden. We used a stepwise qualitative approach to analyse data, using an interpretive indexing of main categories. Two main categories were found to have an influence on the development of workplace health- management: (1) Restricted leeway and (2) Commitments. Concerning the first main category, areas that managers highlight as important comprise the legal framework and regulations; workforce and market situation, production, finances; and occupational safety and health issues. Areas related to the second main category were advice from the board, guidance from mentors, work-related networks, and family and friends as buffers. One conclusion is that despite limited scope for developing workplace health anagement, managers find supportive guidance and inspiration from environments that are committed to helping them and their enterprise.
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| 15. |
- Johansson Sevä, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Subjective well-being among the self-employed in Europe : macroeconomy, gender and immigrant status
- 2016
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 46:2, s. 239-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research shows that the self-employed generally experience a higher degree of job satisfaction compared to regular employees. However, our knowledge of subjective well-being among the self-employed, the differences between various groups of self-employed and the potential influence of contextual factors is somewhat limited. The purpose of the present paper is to address this gap by taking macroeconomic conditions, gender and immigrant status into consideration. The results show that self-employment is positively related to subjective well-being, but there are also differences between groups of the self-employed; self-employed with employees report a higher level of life satisfaction than the self-employed without employees. Economic growth is more important for the level of life satisfaction among the self-employed than among employees. The analyses also point to different patterns for female and male self-employed without employees: only women experience a higher level of life satisfaction compared to employees. The results also show that the relationship is stronger among immigrants than natives. The results of this study confirm the importance of considering potential heterogeneity when examining subjective well-being among the self-employed.
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| 16. |
- Julià, Mireia, et al.
(författare)
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Employment and Labor Market Results of the SOPHIE Project : Concepts, Analyses, and Policies
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Health Services. - : SAGE Publications. - 0020-7314 .- 1541-4469. ; 47:1, s. 18-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reports evidence gained by the SOPHIE Project regarding employment and labor market-related policies. In the first step, quality of employment and of precarious and informal employment in Europe were conceptualized and defined. Based on these definitions, we analyzed changes in the prevalence and population distribution of key health-affecting characteristics of employment and work between times of economic prosperity and economic crisis in Europe and investigated their impact on health outcomes. Additionally, we examined the effects of several employment and labor market-related policies on factors affecting health equity, including a specific analysis concerning work-related gender equity policies and case studies in different European countries. Our findings show that there is a need to standardize definitions and indicators of (the quality of) employment conditions and improve information systems. This is challenging given the important differences between and within European countries. In our results, low quality of employment and precarious employment is associated with poor mental health. In order to protect the well-being of workers and reduce work-related health inequalities, policies leading to precarious working and employment conditions need to be suspended. Instead, efforts should be made to improve the security and quality of employment for all workers.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Landstad, Bodil, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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How managers of small-scale enterprises can create a health promoting corporate culture
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Workplace Health Management. - 1753-8351 .- 1753-836X. ; 10:3, s. 228-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – Small-scale enterprises are important for sustainable development in Europe and account for a significant proportion of private enterprises and their large contribution to employment. The overall research aim of the study is to explore workplace health management from the perspective of managers in small-scale enterprises (SSEs) in Norway and Sweden. Methodology – In-depth interviews with 18 managers in SSEs were conducted and a stepwise qualitative analysis was used. Findings – The findings are presented as two main patterns 1) Interorganisational dynamics and 2) Participative leadership. Managers discussed opportunities for workplace health management to foster solidarity and flexibility in the workplace, the potential of employees for self-governance, and a cultural environment at the workplace characterized by safety,trust, care, loyalty and humour. The managers employed a process-oriented communicato style, were all-rounders, and demonstrated dedicated and distinct management. Managers in small-scale enterprises were lonely problem-solvers and experienced high and conflicting work demands and work-family conflicts. Research limitations – The findings should be interpreted with caution concerning representation of small-scale enterprises generally. The enterprises were recruited from an intervention project focusing on workplace health management and might therefore have a positive attitude. Originality – This study adds important knowledge regarding the preconditions for creating health-promoting workplaces in SSEs, an area for which limited research exists. The findings provide insights and knowledge about managers’ possibilities and obstacles in workplace health management. The findings could be transferrable to management in similar contexts if managers develop more awareness and knowledge. Practical implications – The managers obtain recommended information about what to doand how to address workplace health management in SSEs.
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| 20. |
- Landstad, Bodil, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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How managers of small-scale enterprises can create a health promoting corporate culture
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – Small-scale enterprises are important for sustainable development in Europe and account for a significant proportion of private enterprises and their large contribution to employment. The overall research aim of the study is to explore workplace health management from the perspective of managers in small-scale enterprises (SSEs) in Norway and Sweden. Methodology – In-depth interviews with 18 managers in SSEs were conducted and a stepwise qualitative analysis was used. Findings – The findings are presented as two main patterns 1) Interorganisational dynamics and 2) Participative leadership. Managers iscussed opportunities for workplace health management to foster solidarity and flexibility in the workplace, the potential of employees for self-governance, and a cultural environment at the workplace characterized by safety, trust, care, loyalty and humour. The managers employed a process-oriented communicator style, were all-rounders, and demonstrated dedicated and distinct management. Managers in small-scale enterprises were lonely problem-solvers and experienced high and conflicting work demands and work-family conflicts. Research limitations – The findings should be interpreted with caution concerning representation of small-scale enterprises generally. The enterprises were recruited from an development project focusing on workplace health management and might therefore have a positive attitude. Originality – This study adds important knowledge regarding the preconditions for creating health-promoting workplaces in SSEs, an area for which limited research exists. The findings provide insights and knowledge about managers’ possibilities and obstacles in workplace health management. The findings could be transferrable to management in similar contexts if managers develop more awareness and knowledge. Practical implications – The managers obtain recommended information about what to do and how to address workplace health management in SSEs.
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| 21. |
- Landstad, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Leader´s view of health promotion workplaces in small-scale enterprises
- 2016
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Ingår i: Decent Work: 4th Conference Disability Management. - Olten, Schweiz : Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz. ; , s. 25-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Small-scale enterprises (SSEs) are regarded as important contributors to economic development. However, there is a limited understanding about the importance of the psychosocial working conditions, the work-life balance, health and well-being in these enterprises. Research on psychosocial working conditions in SSEs is polarized and shows contradictory results, and it is often stated that SSEs have trouble with workplace health and disability management processes due to their limited resources, and lack of support from human resource consultants. According to the Luxemburg Declaration of Workplace Health Promotion health in the workplace can be achieved by monitoring a wide range of factors; e.g. management principles, organizational culture, involvement of all the workforce and balance between job demands and control in work. ‘Disability Management’ is an approach which goes beyond traditional vocational rehabilitation due to its focus on prevention of injury as well as return to work assistance following injury, and the importance of using the workplace for interventions at all levels of the organization. Purpose and method: The overall aim of the study is, from a leader perspective, to explore small scale enterprises (SSEs) conditions for managing health promoting workplaces. This study analyzes data from interviews with leaders in 18 small scale enterprises in the middle part of Norway and Sweden. The methodology used to study conditions to create health promoting workplaces was based on a step-wise inductive method. Findings: The analyses revealed two main categories as important for creating health-promoting workplaces: conditions for managing workplace health promotion and conditions for a health promoting leadership. Each category contained several sub-themes that were related to solidarity and flexibility among employees, self-steered task management, good and joyful working conditions and managing leadership role essential for developing a healthy workplace. Conclusions: The leader’s view of health promoting workplaces point at great consciousness and maturity in their approach to create a health-promotive workplace. The premises for healthy work conditions in small-scale enterprises seem to be favorable despite obstacles and limited resources available.
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| 22. |
- Landstad, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Ledares perspektiv på hälsofrämjande arbete i små företag (Leaders' perspective on workplace health promotion in small enterprises)
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-scale enterprises (SSEs) are important for sustainable development at national development and regional levels, and account for a large part of private enterprises and their large contribution to employment. Earlier research shows that SSEs are limited with respect to personnel, economic resources and competence for creating health-promoting workplaces. This study explores the premises for managing health-promoting workplaces from a leadership perspective in eight Norwegian and ten Swedish SSEs. A stepwise qualitative approach and analysis were used to analyze data. The analysis shows two main categories: corporative health promotion workplaces and cultivating health-promoting leadership.The leader’s experience of solidarity and flexibility, self-steered task management, safety, trust and care, job satisfaction, loyalty, humor and recruitment indicates these as important components related to a health-promoting workplace. They point to the importance of being a process-oriented communicator, an all-rounder, and the need to make use of a dedicated and distinct leadership style. However, they also indicate problems with being a lonely problem solver, high and conflicting work demands and work-family conflicts. One conclusion is that leaders exhibit an awareness of the importance of applying a holistic approach for creating health-promoting workplaces. Another conclusion, which is not in line with previous research, is that the leaders exhibit a maturity about the importance of combining individual and organizational health promotion measures and that they have a high motivation to work with these areas.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Malmusi, Davide, et al.
(författare)
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Social and Economic Policies Matter for Health Equity : Conclusions of the SOPHIE Project
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Health Services. - : SAGE Publications. - 0020-7314 .- 1541-4469. ; 48:3, s. 417-434
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 2011, the SOPHIE project has accumulated evidence regarding the influence of social and economic policies on the level of health across the population and on health inequalities according to socioeconomic position, gender, and immigrant status. Through comparative analyses and evaluation case studies across Europe, SOPHIE has shown how these health inequalities vary according to contexts in macroeconomics, social protection, labor market, built environment, housing, gender equity, and immigrant integration and may be reduced by equity-oriented policies in these fields. These studies can help public health and social justice advocates build a strong case for fairer social and economic policies that will lead to the reduction of health inequalities that most governments have included among their policy goals. In this article, we summarize the main findings and policy implications of the SOPHIE project and the lessons learned on civil society participation in research and results communication.
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| 25. |
- Nord Nilsson, Lena
(författare)
-
Occupational Health Services Professionals; skills, needs and experiences shared in a learning network : Co-operative inquiry performed in the manufacturing sector
- 2018
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Work environment conditions can influence individuals, organisations as well as society, and economic consequences can be extensive. The employer is responsible for the work environment,but must engage Occupational Health Services (OHS) or similar if the own competenceis not sufficient. Consequently, the professional skills of OHS providers is an important topic, as the services delivered are aimed at contributing to a good work environment. However, research in this area was scant and there was a call for illumination of what professional skills are needed within OHS. There was also a need to find arenas for knowledge development and sharing within and between occupational safety and health (OS&H) professionals and researchers.One aim of this thesis was to gain a deeper knowledge and understanding about professional skills when it comes to OS&H engineers and ergonomists working within the manufacturing sector. A second aim was to gain experiences of using co-operative inquiry in a learning network for OS&H professionals in order to develop professional skills. The thesis is based on three papers, all with a qualitative research approach. The co-operative inquiry method was used to run a learning network for the research. This network consisted of ten OS&H professionals (engineers and ergonomists) employed at in-house as well as external providers of OHS for manufacturing companies, and two researchers. Everyone in the network acted as co-researchers in accordance with the intention of co-operative inquiry. The dialogues at the meetings were analysed with thematic analysis, using six socio-technical elements as themes.The results showed that the OS&H engineers and ergonomists in the network wanted to work more preventively in the future. To achieve this, they expressed needs for both theoretically based arguments and communication skills to convince clients about the benefits with this approach. Research based knowledge, practical experience and good examples were shared and reflected on with the purpose of integrating the new knowledge into daily practice. The dialogues at the meetings dealt mainly with topics at an organisation level rather than details and individual level. The dialogues focused on e.g. co-operation in teams within the OHS firms and with different stakeholders at the client companies, integration of OS&H management into existing processes, participation from early stages in design and change processes, the use of risk assessment tools and, finally, communication skills.The co-operative inquiry method was suitable, as the network functioned as an arena for reflective learning.
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| 26. |
- Nordenmark, Mikael, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sickness Presenteeism among the Self-employed and Employed in Northwestern Europe—The Importance of Time Demands
- 2019
-
Ingår i: SH@W Safety and Health at Work. - : Elsevier BV. - 2093-7911 .- 2093-7997. ; 10:2, s. 224-228
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: European policymakers encourage individuals to become self-employed because it is a way to promote innovation and job creation. It can be assumed that health and well-being among the self-employed and managers in small-scale enterprises are particularly crucial in this enterprise group because the smallness of the enterprise makes its members vulnerable. Earlier studies have indicated that the self-employed have a high working pace and work for long and irregular hours, indicating that it can be difficult to stay at home because of sickness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of sickness presenteeism among the self-employed in relation to the organizationally employed and to analyze whether any differences can be explained by higher work demands among the self-employed. Methods: The study is based on the fifth European survey on working conditions (2010) and includes the northwestern European countries in the survey. The questions cover a wide range of topics designed to meet the European Union's political needs. The main variables in this study are sickness presenteeism and several indicators of time demands. Results: The results show that the self-employed report a higher level of sickness presenteeism than the employed: 52.4 versus 43.6%. All indicators of time demands are significantly related to the risk for sickness presenteeism, also when controlling for background characteristics. Conclusion: The results confirm that the level of sickness presenteeism is higher among the self-employed and that high time demands are a major explanation to this.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Svensson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
External workers' perception of leadership behaviour - a study of Swedish temporary agency workers and contractors
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Human Resource Management Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-5395 .- 1748-8583. ; 25:2, s. 250-266
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing prevalence of externalised work arrangements in industrialised countries has brought with it ever greater managerial complexity in the workplace. This article explores how leadership behaviour is perceived by internal and external workers within a public authority in Sweden. Questionnaire data from 505 temporary agency workers (TAWs), contractors and internal employees have been analysed. Multinomial logistic regression analyses indicate that external workers such as TAWs and contractors are more likely than internal employees to notice leadership profiles, including pronounced, task-oriented leadership behaviour. These results hold true when controlled for demographic and socio-economic variables and organisational tenure. A practical implication is that explicit attention should be paid to the need for leadership training in developing HRM strategies with regard to external employees.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Tjulin, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
An International Online Work Disability Policy Course : How A University Partnership Became A Facilitator
- 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- So what?Our Masters and PhD students within the field of work disability prevention are part of a global economy where challenges and commonalities between nations need to be addressed. International learning collaborations can facilitate student movement from theory (e.g. about different social security systems) to praxis, through interactive knowledge exchange amongst peers (Loisel et al, 2009).An international on-line course can facilitate participation without the need for travel and additional related expenses is a way to foster student equity in higher education.What is the innovation?Our annual 10-week course, “What is fair? International perspectives on equity on work and health”, was first implemented in January 2019.The course, based on cooperation between Mid-Sweden University, University of Waterloo and Mälardalen University in Sweden and Canada, provides the students with unique learning opportunities to work with international peers on course work and group activities while learning about international systems and policy in relation to health, work and equity.Our partnership (with aims to expand) goes beyond the intention to provide an international learning environment; it also includes knowledge exchange between the universities. That is, the partnership includes co-operative development not only between faculty members, but also among pedagogical developers, international relations office administrators and librarians.The outcome?When we meet at the conference, we will have more to tell you about the specific course and experiences gained from faculty members, administrative members but foremost students who have undertaken the course.
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| 31. |
- Tjulin, Åsa, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Managers’ learning process during a health-promoting leadership intervention
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Health Education. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0965-4283 .- 1758-714X. ; 119:5/6, s. 350-365
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractPurposeThe increasingly demanding psychosocial working conditions in Swedish public sector workplaces call for implementation of workplace health promotion (WHP) interventions. There is a need to increase first-line public sector managers’ capacities for health-promoting leadership. The purpose of this paper is to investigate first-line managers’ experiences of participating in an intervention aimed at strengthening health-promoting leadership. More precisely, the aim is to study what obstacles and prerequisites the intervention have for their learning processes to become health-promoting managers.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative study in Northern Sweden at workplaces in the county council and municipalities was conducted. The data were gathered through individual interviews with 18 participating first-line managers. Inductive-content analysis was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe results identify time for reflection and collegial discussions about leadership as prerequisites for learning about health-promoting leadership. Managers experienced the intervention as a confirmation of the leadership behaviours already gained. However, the health-promoting leadership intervention was seen as a contradiction, since organisational prerequisites to implement WHP measures were perceived to be lacking. The managers were not involved in the planning of the intervention and questioned why the organisation did not involve them more when the educational activities were created.Originality/valueWhen the organisation understands how and when its managers learn, what they need and want to learn about WHP, and what they already know, tailored participatory interventions can be facilitated that consider the unique prerequisites for the particular organisation.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Toivanen, Susanna, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Arbete och ojämlikhet i hälsa i vuxenlivet
- 2018. - 2
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Ingår i: Den orättvisa hälsan - om socioekonomiska skillnader i hälsa och livslängd. - Stockholm : Liber. ; , s. 335-360, s. 335-360
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 34. |
- Toivanen, Susanna, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Hospitalization due to stroke and myocardial infarction in self-employed individuals and small business owners compared with paid employees in Sweden—a 5-year study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 53:2, s. 343-354
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysing Swedish population register data, the aim of the present study is to investigate differences in acute cardiovascular disease (CVD) in terms of stroke and myocardial infarction incidence between self-employed individuals and paid employees and to study whether the associations vary by gender or across industrial sectors. A cohort of nearly 4.8 million employed individuals (6.7% self-employed in 2003) is followed-up for hospitalization due to stroke and myocardial infarction (2004–2008). Self-employed individuals are defined as sole proprietors and limited liability company owners according to legal type of their enterprise. Negative binomial regression models are applied to compare hospitalization rates between the self-employed and paid employees, adjusted for socioeconomic and demographic confounders. Two- and three-way interaction are tested between occupational group, industrial sector, and gender. Limited liability company owners have significantly lower hospitalization for myocardial infarction than paid employees. Regarding two-way interaction, sole proprietors have higher myocardial infarction hospitalization in trade, transport and communication, and lower in agriculture, forestry, and fishing than paid employees. Limited liability company owners have lower hospitalization rate for myocardial infarction than employees in several industries. The results highlight the importance of enterprise legal type and industrial sector for CVD among self-employed individuals.
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| 35. |
- Toivanen, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Hospitalization due to stroke or myocardial infarction : are there any differences between self-employed individuals and employees?
- 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim was to examine hospitalization due to stroke and acute myocardial infarction, respectively, and to analyze differences between the self-employed and paid employees in the same industries. Data and methods: Data from Statistics Sweden's population register (2003) was linked to National Board of Health and Welfare’s hospital admission register and cause of death register (2004-2008). More than 4.7 million people (7% self-employed) were included in the analyses. Individuals were classified on the basis of their occupational status as self-employed persons or employees. The self-employed were further classified as sole proprietors or limited liability company owners according to the legal form of self-employment. Based on the Swedish Standard Industrial Classification (SNI 2002) eight industries were distinguished. Diagnoses of hospitalization were classified as stroke (intracerebral hemorrhage I61, cerebral infarction I63, and unspecified acute cerebrovascular disease I64) and acute myocardial infarction (I21) based on the international classification of diseases (ICD-10). Stroke and Myocardial Infarction (MI) hospitalization incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using negative binomial regression models adjusted for pre-specified potential confounding covariates. Effect modification by occupational status, industrial sector, and gender was investigated with two and three-way interaction terms.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Toivanen, Susanna, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Mortality differences between self-employed and paid employees : a 5-year follow-up study of the working population in Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 73:9, s. 627-636
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Analyse mortality differences between self-employed and paid employees with a focus on industrial sector, educational level and gender using Swedish register data. Methods:A cohort of the total working population (4 776 135 individuals; 7.2% self-employed; 18–100 years of age at baseline 2003) in Sweden with a 5-year follow-up (2004–2008) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality (57 743 deaths). Self-employed individuals were categorised as sole proprietors or limited liability company (LLC) owners according to their enterprise's legal form. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to compare mortality rates between sole proprietors, LLC owners and paid employees, adjusted for sociodemographic confounders. Results: Mortality from cardiovascular diseases was 16% lower and from suicide 26% lower among LLC owners than among paid employees, adjusted for confounders. Within the industrial category, all-cause mortality was 13–15% lower among sole proprietors and LLC owners compared with employees in manufacturing and mining (MM) as well as personal and cultural services (PCS), and 11–20% higher in sole proprietors in trade, transport and communication and the welfare industry (W). A significant three-way interaction indicated 17–23% lower all-cause mortality among male LLC owners in MM and female sole proprietors in PCS, and 50% higher mortality in female sole proprietors in W than in employees in the same industries. Conclusions: Mortality differences between self-employed individuals and paid employees vary by the legal form of self-employment, across industries, and by gender. Differences in work environment exposures and working conditions, varying market competition across industries and gender segregation in the labour market are potential mechanisms underlying these findings.
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| 38. |
- Toivanen, Susanna, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-Employed Persons in Sweden - Mortality Differentials by Industrial Sector and Enterprise Legal Form : A Five-Year Follow-Up Study
- 2015
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0271-3586 .- 1097-0274. ; 58:1, s. 21-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesThis study investigated mortality differentials between self-employed persons in Sweden, considering industrial sector, enterprise characteristics and socio-demographic factors.MethodsData on 321,274 self-employed persons were obtained from population registers in Sweden. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare all-cause and cause-specific mortality rate ratios by industrial sector and enterprise legal form, adjusted for confounders.ResultsAll-cause mortality was 10–32% higher in self-employed persons in Manufacturing and Mining, Trade and Communication, and Not Specified and Other sectors than in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing. Mortality from cardiovascular disease was 23% higher in Trade and Communication, and from neoplasms 17–51% higher in Manufacturing and Mining, Not Specified, and Other. Mortality from suicide was 45–60% lower in Personal and Cultural Services, and in Not Specified. Mortality was 8–16% higher in sole proprietorship than limited partnership.ConclusionsFurther research of working conditions is warranted, considering industry and enterprise legal form. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 39. |
- Toivanen, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Sjukhusinläggningar till följd av akuta hjärt-kärlsjukdomar: finns det skillnader mellan egenföretagare och anställda inom samma bransch?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Book of abstracts - FALF 2016. - Östersund : Mittuniversitetet. ; , s. 42-43
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bakgrund: Både bättre och sämre hälsa har tidigare rapporterats hos egenföretagare jämfört med anställda. Egenföretagare rapporterar oftast bättre livs- och arbetstillfredsställelse trots att de arbetar mer, tar kortare semester, är mer sällan sjukskrivna och oftare sjuknärvarande än anställda. Företagsform och bransch påverkar egenföretagares dödsrisk, även i jämförelse med anställda. Vad gäller sjukhusinläggningar till följd av akuta hjärt- kärlsjukdomar är kunskapen om skillnader mellan egenföretagare och anställda begränsad. Syftet var att undersöka sjukhusinläggningar till följd av akut hjärtinfarkt och stroke, var för sig, och analysera skillnader mellan egenföretagare och anställda inom samma branscher. Data och metod: Data från Statistiska centralbyråns befolkningsregister (2003) länkades till Socialstyrelsens patientregister och dödsorsaksregister (2004-2008). Drygt 4,7 miljoner individer (7 % egenföretagare) ingick i studien. Individer klassificerades utifrån yrkesställning som anställda, egenföretagare eller egenföretagare med aktiebolag. Utifrån Standard för svensk näringsgrensindelning (SNI 2002) klassificerades åtta branscher.Diagnos för sjukhusinläggning klassificerades som akut hjärtinfarkt (I21) och stroke (I61 intracerebral blödning; I63 cerebral infarkt; I64 ospecificerad akut cerebrovaskulär sjukdom) utifrån internationell klassificering av diagnoser (ICD-10). Sjukhusinläggningstal (incidens rate ratio, IRR med 95 % konfidensintervall, KI) estimerades med multipel Negative Binomial regressionsanalys. Två- och trevägsinteraktioner testades mellan yrkesställning, bransch och kön. Resultat: Risken för sjukhusinläggning till följd av akut hjärtinfarkt (IRR 0,92; KI 0,85-0,99) var signifikant lägre bland egenföretagare med aktiebolag jämfört med anställda, och högre i de flesta branscher (IRR 1,15 – 1,25) jämfört med jordbruk, skogsbruk och fiske (JSF). Förhöjd risk för sjukhusinläggning till följd av stroke fanns i samtliga branscher (IRR 1,19 – 1,48) jämfört med JSF, däremot fanns inga skillnader utifrån yrkesställning. Tvåvägsinteraktionen mellan yrkesställning och bransch var signifikant för hjärtinfarkt (p=0,0019). Jämfört med anställda hade egenföretagare förhöjd risk för sjukhusinläggning inom handel, restaurang och transport (IRR 1,22; KI 1,09-1,38) samt lägre risk inom JSF (IRR 0,81; KI 0,68-0,97) och i icke specificerade branscher (IRR 0,79; KI 0,67- 0,93).
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| 40. |
- Vinberg, Stig, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
-
Alcohol use among seasonal employees in SMEs at ski resorts
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Understanding Small Enterprises (USE) Conference 2015 'A Healthy Working Life in a Healthy Business'. ; , s. 721-728
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents results from a survey aimed at shed some light on drinking and alcohol-related problems among seasonal employees in small businesses at ski resorts. In total, 292 employees (49 % men, 51 % women) answered a questionnaire with a response rate of 46 %. The questionnaire covered areas as employment relations, social aspects, psychosocial working conditions, health, alcohol consumption and preventive measures. Results were that there are several significant differences between seasonal employed men and women. The women are younger, have more university education, work more less than full-time and in restaurants or hotels and they live outside the ski resort to a higher degree after the winter season. Concerning psychosocial working conditions, health outcomes, hazardous drinking and preventive work at the workplace there are no significant differences between the groups. Around 75 percent of both seasonal employed men and women have a hazardous drinking behavior, which is significant higher in comparison with Swedish studies of other occupational groups. Regression analyses with hazardous drinking (AUDIT) as an outcome variable showed different patterns for seasonal employed women and men, although there are also similarities between the groups. Multivariate regression analyses showed that particularly social aspects as living with other employees and having friends with heavy drinking were significantly associated with hazardous drinking. It is important to reduce the seasonal employee’s alcohol consumption behaviors by influencing attitudes towards hazardous drinking and to change the culture among this group in working life. There is also a need for developing strategies for effective workplace preventive measures and rehabilitation measures for employees with alcohol consumption problems. For small businesses it can be successful to integrate work-related alcohol problems with occupational health and safety issues.
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| 41. |
- Vinberg, Stig, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Ambiguity among Managers in Small-Scale Enterprises : How to Handle Business and Workplace Health Management
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Societies. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4698. ; 7:4, s. 1-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite extensive research on health in working life, few studies focus on this issue from the perspective of managers in small-scale enterprises (SSEs). To gain deeper knowledge of managers’ perceptions and strategies for dealing with workplace health management, 13 Norwegian and Swedish SSE managers were interviewed after participating in a workplace health development project. The methodical approach was based on Grounded Theory with a constructivist orientation. The main theme that emerged was ‘ambiguity in workplace health management and maintaining the business’, which was related to the categories ‘internal workplace settings’, ‘workplace surroundings’,and ‘leadership strategies’. The managers experienced ambiguity due to internal and external demands. These requirements were linked to the core challenges in dealing with multitasking leadership, financial decision-making, labour legislation, staff development and maintaining business. However, the managers developed new skills and competence and thereby a more reflexive approach and readiness to create a health-promoting workplace from being part of a development project. The implications are that managers in SSEs need to exchange experiences and discuss workplace health issues with other managers in networks. It is also important that occupational health services and social and welfare organizations use tailor-made models and strategies for supporting SSEs.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Vinberg, Stig, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperation Between Occupational Health Services and Small-Scale Enterprises in Norway and Sweden: A Provider Perspective
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Workplace Health & Safety. - : SAGE Publications. - 2165-0799 .- 2165-0969. ; 65:8, s. 355-364
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although small-scale enterprises (SSEs) dominate the private enterprise sector, knowledge about support for these organizations from occupational health services (OHSs) is insufficient. The aim of this research was to study OHS services provided and staff cooperation with SSEs in Norway and Sweden. In total, 87 Norwegian and 51 Swedish OHS providers answered a survey on their experiences providing requested services from and cooperation with SSEs. Based on survey questions and constructed indices, providers in the two countries were compared using independent sample t tests and non-parametric tests. Open-ended questions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results showed that SSEs, particularly in industrial, construction, and trade sectors, commonly contract for Norwegian and Swedish OHSs, and these contracts have increased in the last 12 months. Norwegian providers state that SSEs request broader organizationallybased services; their Swedish counterparts request more individual-based health-related services. Improvements concerning specific strategies for OHS collaboration with SSEs may be needed.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Vinberg, Stig, et al.
(författare)
-
Modeller för företagshälsovård i mindre företag : Behovsanpassade insatser med fokus på hälso- och arbetsmiljökompetens hos ledare
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syfte: Projektets syfte var att utveckla och förädla modeller för företagshälsovårdstjänster i mindre företag och mikroföretag, främst i segmentet 5-19 anställda, samt bidra till kunskap om effekter av ledarbaserade interventioner. Genomförande: Två ettåriga ledarfokuserade interventioner, ledda av en svensk och en norsk företagshälsa, innehöll kartläggningar av arbetsmiljö och hälsa, nätverksträffar/utbildning och individuellt ledarstöd. Totalt i forskningsstudierna deltog 19 företag i interventionerna, 15 företag fungerade som referensföretag. Mätningar gjordes av ledares och medarbetares psykosociala förhållanden och hälsa före och efter interventionerna via tre enkäter. Motsvarande före/efter-mätningar av ledarnas hälsostatus gjordes via fysiska hälsotester och självskattningar via en enkät. Intervjuer genomfördes med 18 ledare i interventionsföretagen. Resultat: Enkätresultaten visade positiva förändringar avseende självskattad prestation och sjukfrånvaro i interventionsföretagen jämfört med referensföretagen, men oförändrade/negativa tendenser på flera index. Ledarnas hälsostatus pekade på goda värden jämfört med en normalpopulation. Några positiva tendenser kunde noteras, både för ledare i interventions- och referensföretagen, gällande kroppssammansättning och styrka. I intervjuer angav ledarna förutsättningar för att driva ett hälsofrämjande ledarskap och en hälsofrämjande kultur. Solidaritet, flexibilitet, lojalitet och humor samt betydelsen av ett processorienterat ledarskap var viktigt. Andra områden som framkom var lagstiftning, resurser, externt stöd från styrelse, mentorer och familj/vänner. Ledarna var positiva till flera av interventionernas aktiviteter och utbytet med andra företag i nätverk. De uppvisade en mogenhet och vilja att arbeta med hälsofrämjande processer i företagen, men pekade på behov av verktyg och stöd för sådana processer. Spridning: Projektet har resulterat i sex vetenskapliga artiklar, presentationer vid nationella/internationella konferenser och fortsatt forskning i angränsande projekt.
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| 46. |
- Vinberg, Stig, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevention and rehabilitation in Swedish public sector workplaces: Effects on co-workers’ and leaders’ health and psychosocial working conditions
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 52:4, s. 891-900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Leaders and co-workers in Swedish public sector organizations are exposed to demanding psychosocial working conditions; more knowledge about workplace-based interventions in this sector of working life is needed. OBJECTIVE: To compare co-workers’ and leaders’ self-ratings of health and psychosocial working conditions, and investigate how prevention and rehabilitation in Swedish public sector workplaces affects these ratings. METHOD: The longitudinal panel data consisted of 311 individuals (20 leaders, 291 co-workers) at 19 workplaces. Based on questionnaire data, statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney U-Test, pair-wise Spearman correlations, a mixed between-within subjects ANOVA and Friedman’s test. RESULTS: Results indicate differences in how the leaders and the co-workers judge their health and psychosocial working conditions. Leaders report work content that is more varied and interesting as well as more possibilities for personal development through work, yet they also report more tiredness, concern over managing their work situation and time pressure at work. Comparisons of mean values for used indicators show some improvements after one year, but also several non-significant or negative time trends two years after the interventions were initiated. CONCLUSION: The study provides some support for experienced differences between co-workers’ and leaders’ health and psychosocial working conditions in public sector workplaces, indicating the importance of different workplace-oriented prevention and rehabilitation interventions for these two categories of employees.
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| 47. |
- Vinberg, Stig, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychosocial working conditions, health and life-style among leaders and co-workers in small-scale enterprises
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problem statement and aim: Small-scale enterprises (SSE) and self-employed individuals are regarded as important contributors to economic development. However, there is a limited understanding about the importance of the psychosocial working conditions, the work-life balance, health and well-being in these enterprises. Research on psychosocial working conditions in SSEs is polarized and shows contradictory results, and it is often stated that SSEs have trouble with workplace health processes due to their limited economic and personnel resources, and lack of support from e.g. Occupational and health services (OHS). Research shows that the self-employed experience high job satisfaction, and high levels of job control and job demands. The aim of this study is to explore the psychosocial working conditions, health and lifestyle among leaders and co-workers in SSEs.Materials and method: The data reported here is part of a research- and development project concerning workplace-based interventions in SSEs. In the present s study, 18 enterprises with a population of 249 individuals (231 co-workers, 18 leaders) participated. The individuals answered three validated questionnaires about areas covering health, psychosocial working conditions and workplace health promotion. Also, the leaders answered a questionnaire about stress-related factors, life-style and work-life balance. Results: Preliminary results are that around 60 percent of the co-workers have high work demands, 75 percent get support from the leaders and 40 percent report sickness absence more than two times during the last year. The leaders report high work demands, high job control, long working days and several stress related symptoms. However, around 75 percent of the leaders report high job satisfaction. The results also point at interesting differences between the leaders and co-workers and between individuals from different industrial sectors.Conclusions and implications: There are differences in psychosocial working conditions and self-rated health between leaders and co-workers in different industrial sectors. The results point at the need for workplace-based health interventions in small-scale enterprises with measures for both leaders and co-workers.
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| 48. |
- Vinberg, Stig, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Sickness Presence Among Self-Employed In Western Europe – The Importance Of Psychosocial Working Conditions
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-employed is an interesting category when it comes to the phenomenon of sickness presence. To our knowledge, there are few studies of sickness presence among self-employed. In addition, earlier studies have indicated that self-employed have a high working pace and work many and irregular ours (Gunnarsson, Vingård, & Josephson, 2007; Nordenmark, Vinberg & Strandh, 2012; Parasuraman & Simmers, 2001), indicating that it can be problematic and frustrating to stay at home because of illness. Also, self-employed can be seen as a group with low replace ability, which can contribute to high sickness presence (Aronsson & Gustafsson, 2005). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the occurrence of sickness presence among self-employed in relation to employees, and to analyse if possible differences between the groups can be explained by different psychosocial working conditions related to work demands and time pressure.European policymakers encourage individuals to become self-employed because it is a way to promote innovation and job-creation (Eurofound, 2017). The proportion of self-employed individuals in the employed labour force in Europe is around 15 percent. Most of the self-employed choose to become self-employed and have good working conditions and job quality. However, around one of five of the self-employed report that they have no alternative for work and they have lower levels of job quality and worse well-being compared to the former group of self-employed (ibid.). Several studies show that the self-employed have very high decision authority and control how work is organised (Hundley, 2001; Stephan & Roesler, 2010). Conversely, most research on the characteristics of the self-employed finds that they report higher job demands and a higher workload than employees do (Nordenmark et al., 2012; Stephan & Roesler, 2010). In general, research show that self-employment is associated with a higher degree of job satisfaction than regular employment (Benz & Frey, 2004; Blanchflower, 2004: Lange, 2012). Research show that high adjustment latitude can contribute to fewer days of health complaints associated with lower rates of sick leave and sickness presence (Gerich, 2014). However, according to a recent review research concerning other health outcomes among self-employed show contradictory results (Stephan, 2017). Although, research about sickness presence has increased during the last decade relatively few organizational scholars are familiar with the concept (Aronsson & Gustafsson, 2005; Johns, 2010). Sickness presence can cause productivity loss and higher organizational costs than sickness absence (Cooper & Dewe, 2008) and increase the risk for illness among individuals (Bergström et al., 2009). It can be assumed that sickness presence and health among self-employed are particularly crucial in this enterprise group due to that the smallness make them vulnerable.This present study is based on the fifth European survey on working conditions (EWCS) 2015, which has become an established source of information on working conditions and employment in EU Member States. The independent variable – employment type consists of the categories self-employed (with and without employees) and employees. The main independent variable is sickness presence and is measured by the following question: Over the past 12 months did you work when you were sick (1=Yes, 0=No). Several indicators of work demands, time pressure and background variables are used in the analysis. Preliminary study results show that self-employed report a higher level of sickness presence than employed; 52.4 verses 43.6 percent. The mean number of working hours is 43.5 among self-employed and 35.4 among employed. Self-employed have worked in the evenings on average nearly 7 days a month, which is more than twice as many times as for employees. It is also twice as usual that self-employed have worked on a Sunday compared to employees. Self-employed have on average worked in the free time once or twice a month and employees have on average worked on their free time less often. All the differences between self-employed and employed are clearly significant and indicate a higher level of sickness presence and time pressure among self-employed. In a bivariate analysis, self-employed have a significant higher risk for reporting sickness presence. When controlling for the indicators of time pressure this relationship becomes insignificant. This means when holding the indicators of time pressure on a constant level there is no significant difference between self-employed and employed regarding the risk for reporting sickness presence. The indicator that explains the most of the difference in sickness presence between self-employed and employed is work in free time. All indicators of time pressure are significant related to the risk for sickness presence; the more hours worked and the more often worked in evenings, on Sundays and in the free time, the higher the risk for reporting sickness presence. All these variables are also significant associated to the risk for sickness presence when controlling for background characteristics. Age is significantly associated to sickness presence in the way that a higher age reduces the risk for reporting sickness presence. Women more often report sickness presence than men do. Civil status is not significantly associated to sickness presence. Having children increases the risk for sickness presence and having household economic difficulties increases the risk for reporting sickness presence. The indicators of time pressure contribute most to the level of explained variance in all performed regression models.The results show that self-employed have a significant higher risk for reporting sickness presence than employed have. This difference is explained by the variables measuring time pressure, which indicates that the self-employed have a higher risk of reporting sickness presence because they experience more time pressure. In the extended paper, we will include other psychosocial working conditions as e.g. job control and consider different clusters of self-employed. The contribution to the small group meeting will be knowledge about sickness presence among different groups of self-employed and implications for researchers and practitioners.
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| 49. |
- Vinberg, Stig, 1954-
(författare)
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Sickness presence among Swedish female and male managers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Working for the greater good. ; , s. 643-644
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The study investigates sickness presence, health and work-related factors among female and male managers in Swedish public and private organizations. Research indicate that managers have demanding and conflicting psychosocial working conditions and low replace ability,which may contribute to ill health and high sickness presence. Design/Methodology: The data consists of questionnaire answers from 1173 managers (50% women, 50% men) at different Swedish workplaces. The data makes it possible to compare managers at public and private workplaces and different workplace sizes. Results: The managers express high job satisfaction – 86% of public sector managers and 78% of private sector managers. However, 78% of male managers and 81% of female mangers report sickness presence with different time lengths. In addition, the results indicate differences in sickness presence related to manager positions and workplace sizes. Limitations: The study used self-assessments in a cross-sectional design, which does not allow for causal analyses. However, the data covers different workplaces in different Swedish regions. Research/Practical Implications: In politically ruled public sector organizations, the lack of clarity surrounding a manager’s role,responsibility, and decision latitude may create conflicting demands that contribute to highlevels of job strain and stress. Based on these facts, it is of relevance to contribute to knowledge about differences concerning sickness presence among different manager groups. Based on the results, practical implications at a societal and organizational level will be presented. Originality/Value: This research focus is of importance due to that research shows relations between managersand employees health and working conditions.
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| 50. |
- Vinberg, Stig, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Sickness presenteeism among self-employed in Europe
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Health incidents often result in sickness absenteeism, i.e. the failure to report for work as scheduled. However, there is increasing evidence that workers more and more decide for another option: sickness presenteeism, defined as attending work while ill. This can be problematic for the individual and presenteeism creates costs for organizations and the society as well. European policymakers encourage individuals to become self-employed because it is a way to promote innovation and job-creation. The proportion of self-employed individuals in the employed labour force in Europe is around 15 percent. Most of the self-employed choose to become self-employed and have good working conditions and job quality. However, around 20 percent of the self-employed report that they have no alternative for work and they have lower levels of job quality and worse well-being compared to the former group of self-employed. In addition, earlier studies have indicated that self-employed have a high working pace and work many and irregular hours, indicating that it can be problematic and frustrating to stay at home because of illness. It can be assumed that health and well-being among self-employed and managers in small-scale enterprises is particularly crucial in this enterprise group due to that the smallness make them vulnerable. Self-employed is an interesting category when it comes to the phenomenon of sickness presenteeism. To our knowledge, there are few studies of sickness presenteeism among self-employed.AimThe aim of this paper is to study the occurrence of sickness presence among different groups of self-employed in relation to employees, and to analyze if possible differences between the groups can be explained by different psychosocial working conditions related to work demands and time pressure. Method: This study is based on the fifth European survey on working conditions (EWCS) 2015, which has become an established source of information on working conditions and employment in EU Member States. The independent variable – employment type consists of the categories self-employed (with and without employees) and employees. The main independent variable is sickness presence and is measured by the following question: Over the past 12 months did you work when you were sick (1=Yes, 0=No). Several indicators of work demands, time pressure and background variables are used in the description and regression analysis. Results: Results show that self-employed report a higher level of sickness presenteeism than employed; 52.4 verses 43.6 percent. The mean number of working hours is 43.5 among self-employed and 35.4 among employed. Self-employed have worked in the evenings on average nearly 7 days a month, which is more than twice as many times as for employees. It is also twice as usual that self-employed have worked on a Sunday compared to employees. Self-employed have on average worked in the free time once or twice a month and employees have on average worked on their free time less often. All the differences between self-employed and employed are90clearly significant and indicate a higher level of sickness presenteeism and time pressure among self-employed. The results show that self-employed have a significant higher risk for reporting sickness presence than employed have. This difference is explained by the variables measuring time pressure, which indicates that the self-employed have a higher risk of reporting sickness presenteeism because they experience more time pressure. Other results are that sickness presenteeism differ between groups of self-employed related to gender, company size, motives for self-employment and country groups.
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