| 1. |
- Franch, Xavier, et al.
(författare)
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How do Practitioners Perceive the Relevance of Requirements Engineering Research? An Ongoing Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE 25TH INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (RE). - : IEEE. - 2332-6441. - 9781538631911 ; , s. 382-387
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relevance of Requirements Engineering (RE) research to practitioners is a prerequisite for problem-driven research in the area and key for a long-term dissemination of research results to everyday practice. To understand better how industry practitioners perceive the practical relevance of RE research, we have initiated the RE-Pract project, an international collaboration conducting an empirical study. This project opts for a replication of previous work done in two different domains and relies on survey research. To this end, we have designed a survey to be sent to several hundred industry practitioners at various companies around the world and ask them to rate their perceived practical relevance of the research described in a sample of 418 RE papers published between 2010 and 2015 at the RE, ICSE, FSE, ESEC/FSE, ESEM and REFSQ conferences. In this paper, we summarize our research protocol and present the current status of our study and the planned future steps.
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| 2. |
- Lotz, Jannik, et al.
(författare)
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Microservice Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems: A Case-Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture - Companion, ICSA-C 2019. ; , s. 45-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The technological advancements of recent years have steadily increased the complexity of vehicle-internal software systems, and the ongoing development towards autonomous driving will further aggravate this situation. This is leading to a level of complexity that is pushing the limits of existing vehicle software architectures and system designs. By changing the software structure to a service-based architecture, companies in other domains successfully managed the rising complexity and created a more agile and future-oriented development process. This paper presents a case-study investigating the feasibility and possible effects of changing the software architecture for a complex driver assistance function to a microservice architecture. The complete procedure is described, starting with the description of the software-environment and the corresponding requirements, followed by the implementation, and the final testing. In addition, this paper provides a high-level evaluation of the microservice architecture for the automotive use-case. The results show that microservice architectures can reduce complexity and time-consuming process steps and make the automotive software systems prepared for upcoming challenges as long as the principles of microservice architectures are carefully followed.
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| 3. |
- Shanbhag, Siddharth, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of Human Platelet-Derived Supplements for Stem Cell-Based Bone Tissue Engineering
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 28:S14, s. 57-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Bone tissue engineering using combinations of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), growth factors and/or biomaterial scaffolds, is emerging as a promising alternative to autologous and allogeneic bone grafting. Although, fetal bovine serum (FBS) is still the most commonly used supplement for ex vivo expansion of human MSCs, it is important to substitute animal-derived products for clinical applications, according to current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). Human platelet-derivatives (PDs) represent optimal FBS-substitutes due to the nature and range of the released growth factors (GF). Aim/Hypothesis (1) To systematically review the literature to identify different types of PDs, and (2) to refine the protocols for preparation of optimal platelet-derived supplements in terms of (a) GF concentrations, and (b) human MSC expansion and differentiation. The overall aim was to optimize the preparation of a cGMP-compliant platelet GF concentrate for large-scale MSC expansion. Material and Methods A systematic literature review was performed to compare the efficacy of different PDs. PDs were categorized as platelet ‘releasates’ (PR) or ‘lysates’ (PL) depending on the method of GF release, i.e. via chemical activation with thrombin (or calcium), or via mechanical lysis via freezing and thawing, respectively. Based on the review, selected protocols for preparation of PR and PL, using platelet concentrates pooled from 5 donors, were systematically tested and compared, in terms of (a) ELISA-based GF concentrations [platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, transforming growth factor (TGF)- μ 946,1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)], and (b) in vitro proliferation, colony-formation, surface marker expression (flow cytometry), and osteogenic differentiation assays of human gingiva-derived MSCs. Cells cultured in 10% FBS were used as the control. Experiments were performed in triplicates, using cells from three donors, and data were statistically analysed. Results A number of protocols were identified for preparation of PR and PL, varying in the nature and concentrations of activators (thrombin/calcium), and number and duration of freezing/thawing cycles, respectively. Few studies directly compared PR and PL, and a trend for superior cell proliferation with PL was observed. Based on the review, four different protocols were selected and adapted for preparation of PR and PL. For in vitro MSC experiments, PR/PL concentrations of 5% and 10% were tested. Consistent with results of the review, higher concentrations of GFs (PDGF-BB, TGF- μ 946,1, VEGF) were identified in PL vs. PR. Moreover, proliferation of MSCs was higher in PL vs. PR, in some donors, proliferation was higher in 5% PL vs. 10% PL, suggesting that 5% may be the optimal concentration when using this method of PL preparation. Comparable surface marker expression (stromal phenotype) was observed in MSCs expanded in PL vs. FBS. Significantly higher proliferation (population doubling-time) and colony-formation, and comparable osteogenic differentiation, of MSCs was observed in 5% PL vs. 10% FBS. Conclusions and Clinical Implications Human PL prepared from pooled platelet concentrates by a simple, economical and cGMP-compliant method, represents the optimal GF-supplement and FBS-substitute, while maintaining the key properties of MSCs, i.e., stromal phenotype, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential, for clinical bone tissue engineering applications.
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| 4. |
- Vogelsang, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Requirements Engineering for Machine Learning : Perspectives from Data Scientists
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Machine learning (ML) is used increasingly in real-world applications. In this paper, we describe our ongoing endeavor to define characteristics and challenges unique to Requirements Engineering (RE) for ML-based systems. As a first step, we interviewed four data scientists to understand how ML experts approach elicitation, specification, and assurance of requirements and expectations. The results show that changes in the development paradigm, i.e., from coding to training, also demands changes in RE. We conclude that development of ML systems demands requirements engineers to: (1) understand ML performance measures to state good functional requirements, (2) be aware of new quality requirements such as explainability, freedom from discrimination, or specific legal requirements, and (3) integrate ML specifics in the RE process. Our study provides a first contribution towards an RE methodology for ML systems.
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