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- Bauhr, Monika, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Will Women’s Representation Reduce Bribery? Trends in Corruption and Public Service Delivery Across European Regions
- 2024
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Ingår i: Political Behavior. - 0190-9320. ; , s. 1-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While a growing body of work suggests that women representatives are less likely to be involved in corruption scandals, we know less about if changes in representation patterns also have implications for citizens’ first-hand experiences with corruption in public service delivery. This study suggests that women elected representatives reduce street level bribery, in particular when the share of women increases in contexts where relatively few women are elected or when the absolute increase in women’s representation is relatively large. Using newly collected data on the share of women in 128 regional level parliaments in 10 European countries and four rounds of the European Quality of Government Index (EQI) survey (2010–2021), our twoway fixed effects models show that on average, the proportion of women in regional parliaments is strongly associated with citizens’ self-reported experiences of bribery across all countries and years. Furthermore, our difference-in-difference design shows that the level of bribery in public service provision dropped more sharply in regions that experienced a greater absolute or greater marginal increase in women’s representation. Our results may be understood in light of women candidates placing priority on well-functioning and low corrupt public service provision and the important signals of inclusiveness, non-discrimination and decreased tolerance towards corruption that women’s representation conveys to civil servants.
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| 3. |
- Bertilsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Association of stigmatizing attitudes with people's opinion of depression as a valid reason for sickness absence: A Swedish vignette study
- 2022
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Ingår i: WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815. ; 73:2, s. 495-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Depression is a common cause of sickness absence (SA) and also highly associated with stigma. Few studies have addressed the role of stigma in relation to SA. OBJECTIVE: To investigate if attitudes to depression were associated with the public's opinion of depression as a valid reason of SA. METHODS: The study population (n = 2413) originated from a web-based panel of citizens. The survey included a short vignette describing a person with symptoms of depression and the person's work tasks, followed by a question on recommendation of SA. Negative attitudes were measured by the Depression Stigma Scale. Logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) for the likelihood of not recommending SA, controlling for individual and work-related co-variates. RESULTS: The crude association between negative attitudes and not recommending SA was OR 2.15 (95% CI, 1.76-2.62). In the fully adjusted model the OR was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.40 - 2.21) for not recommending SA. CONCLUSIONS: Participants with negative attitudes to depression were more likely to not consider depression as a valid reason of sickness absence. The study supports theories on layered stigma; attitudes from one arena are related to other arenas. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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- Hensing, Gunnel, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in how women and men in a Swedish population-based sample think about sick leave: A cross-sectional vignette study
- 2024
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Ingår i: WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 77:3, s. 827-838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Gender differences in attitudes towards depression gives reason to believe that sociocultural gender norms play a role in other areas. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to test (i) if the likelihood to think that sick leave with depression symptoms is not reasonable varies between women and men, and (ii) if the likelihood to think sick leave is not reasonable varies depending on the gender of the individual with depression symptoms. METHODS: A study population of 3147 participants responded to a web-survey with a written case briefly describing a man or woman with symptoms of depression. Respondents were asked if they thought it is reasonable that the person was sick listed for two weeks. Logistic regression was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: After controlling for age, education, self-rated health, and respondent's own experience of sickness absence the adjusted OR was 1.45 (95% CI 1.25-1.67) for men being less likely to think sick-leave was reasonable. Gender difference decreased when adjusting for negative attitudes towards depression (adjusted OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.44). No difference was found between how women and men thought about sick leave in relation to the gender of the case described in the vignette. CONCLUSION: Men were more likely to think that sick leave was not reasonable with decreased OR after adjustment for negative attitudes towards depression. Gender norms might be part of the explanation for differences but are challenging to test. This study contributes to a bourgeoning research field on gendered attitudes and sick leave, in terms of theoretical reasoning and methodological choice.
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| 5. |
- Markstedt, Elias, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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The subjective meaning of gender: how survey designs affect perceptions of femininity and masculinity
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Politics and Gender. - : Bristol University Press. - 2515-1088 .- 2515-1096. ; 4:1, s. 51-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rationale for this study is that self-categorising rating scales are becoming increasingly popular in large-scale survey research moving beyond binary ways of measuring gender. We are referring here to the use of rating scales that are similar to graded scales capturing left–right or liberal–conservative political ideology, that is, scales that do not include predefinitions of the core concepts (femininity/masculinity, as compared to left/right or liberal/conservative). Yet, previous studies including such non-binary gender measures have paid little attention to potential effects of survey designs. Using an experimental set-up, we are able to show that sequencing of gender measurements influences the answers received. Men were especially affected by our treatments and rated themselves as significantly ‘less masculine’ when prompted to reason about the meaning of gender prior to self-categorisation on scales measuring degrees of femininity and masculinity. Moreover, self-categorising seems to trigger more biological understandings of gender than anticipated in theory.
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| 6. |
- Solevid, Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Gender gaps in political attitudes revisited: the conditional influence of non-binary gender on left–right ideology and GAL-TAN opinions
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Politics and Gender. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Across surveys and regardless of controls, women in many Western countries are consistently more politically left-leaning than men. More recently, however, innovative measures of non-binary gender identity suggest important heterogeneity in political attitudes within the categories of ‘women’ and ‘men’. Building from this, we study the direct and conditional associations between sex and non-binary gender on two political attitude dimensions: (1) left–right ideology; and (2) green/alternative/liberal versus traditionalist/authoritarian/ nationalist opinions. Using a Swedish population-based survey from 2013, we find no evidence that political attitudes vary by non-binary gender identity alone, and only weak evidence that political attitudes vary by sex. However, supporting our conditional hypotheses, we find that gender (non)conformity matters significantly. Specifically, men with many masculine traits and women with many feminine traits stand more to the right and show more traditionalist/ authoritarian/nationalist opinions than men and women who are less gender conforming.
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| 7. |
- Sundström, Aksel, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Making sense of sexual forms of corruption and sextortion: A research agenda
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is increasing attention among advocacy organizations about the urgent problem of sextortion and other ways in which sexual forms of corruption hurts vulnerable people. Yet, scholarly understandings of this challenge are, conceptually and empirically, underdeveloped. In this Working Paper, we make three contributions: First, we elaborate on the concept and discuss how to define sextortion, i.e., what it is and what it is not. Towards that aim, we trace the use and evolution of the concept and present empirical illus- trations of where, in which sectors, the phenomenon thus far has been detected. Second, we analyze the first cross-national survey that includes questionnaire items gauging sextortion. This survey helps to disen- tangle where, geographically, the problem is prevalent and what individual factors that seem to increase the risk of experience sextortion. Third, we discuss a future research agenda on this theme and provide sugges- tions on what research questions this vein of study should be posing. Systematic empirical studies are scant, and thus there is little knowledge about the scope of the phenomenon. Therefore, we propose, as a next step, more of theoretically informed survey research. We conclude by discussing potential recommendations for policy that would come out from such renewed research.
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