| 1. |
- Wängqvist, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging adults’ perceptions of the role of their parents in their occupational and relational identity development
- 2011
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Ingår i: paper presented at the 15th European Conference on Developmental Psychology, Bergen, Norway, 23-27 August, 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, how emerging adults talk about their parents' involvement in occupational and relational issues was investigated. Through the voices of emerging adults themselves, this study shows the various ways in which they experience and relate to their parents’ attitudes and expectations and highlights that in Sweden emerging adults perceptions of their parents ideas seem more explicit for occupational than for relational issues. 136 (68 women) Swedish 25 year-olds from a variety of social contexts were asked about their parents’ ideas and attitudes with regards to occupational and relational issues. Answers were analysed with thematic analysis. For occupational issues four main themes were identified: (1) Parents attitudes towards their choices, (2) parents involvement in their decision-making, (3) thoughts on parents attitudes and involvement, and (4) occupational choices compared to their parents’ wishes and own choices. For relational issues three main themes were recognized: (1) Whether or not they had an idea of their parents’ thoughts, (2) coherence between own and parents’ ideas, and (3) parents’ attitudes toward their ideas. In sum, for occupational issues some participants experienced that their parents had explicit wishes For what they wanted them to do. Others viewed their parents as a source of support and guidance while still not interfering in the process of choosing. A few individuals wished that their parents should have been more involved. For relational issues the emerging adults’ perceptions of their parents’ ideas were more often based on their parents’ actions and beliefs rather than on actual discussions.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging Adult Parents’ Coordination of Work and Family Commitments
- 2015
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 7th Conference on Emerging Adulthood. October 14-16, 2015, Miami, FL, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It has been proposed that the evaluation and coordination of commitments in different areas of life, such as work and family, becomes an important developmental task in late emerging adulthood (e.g., Pals, 1999). In the present study we explore how this coordination takes place by investigating how 33 (23 women) Swedish parents in late emerging adulthood reason around priorities between work and family. The participants took part in a semi-structured interview concerning their attitudes towards work/family priorities. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the material (Braun & Clarke, 2006). When describing their work/family priorities most parents talked about family as being more important than work, but many also talked about a strive for work/family balance. A small group said that work and family were equally important, but none of the participants said that they prioritized work over family. However, the results showed that wanting to prioritize family had different consequences for how different participants organized their work life. Most participants talked about how they were simply working their “regular hours”. Some, but not all, of these participants thought that working regular hours meant that their children had to spend too many hours in daycare, and some of them expressed a wish to work part time. A smaller group of participants (only women) work part time. These participants often talked about wanting to downshift and spend time with their children. In contrast, some participants talked about working long hours and putting in a lot of overtime. These participants often explained how this choice was a way for them to prioritize their family. For example, they talked about how working long hours would benefit their family financially or give them other advantages. Many participants said that their view of work/family priorities had changed when they became parents. Some of these participants said that before becoming parents they had thought that it would not be so difficult to combine work and family as it later turned out to be. Some also said that before becoming parents they had not thought much about work/family issues at all, or that their career had been more important to them before they became parents. A smaller group of participants also talked about how they expected, or had already experienced, that their view on work/family priorities would change during parenthood. For example, when their child got older and more independent they would be able to engage more in their work life. In conclusion, this study indicates that to prioritize family before work is normative among emerging adult Swedish parent, but that doing so can mean very different things to different people. Moreover, the results show that when emerging adults become parents work/family priorities is often a more pressing issue than it was before. This suggests that the transition to parenthood requires young people to negotiate their commitments in different life areas in relation to the new social realities of adult life.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Wängqvist, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Identitet och internet
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ann Frisén & Philip Hwang (red). Ungdomar och identitet andra reviderade utgåvan. - : Natur och kultur. - 9789127827738 ; , s. 175-195
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Wängqvist, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Identity Development and Romantic Relationships in the Late Twenties
- 2016
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Ingår i: Identity. An International Journal of Theory and Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1528-3488 .- 1532-706X. ; 16:1, s. 24-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This two-wave study investigates identity processes and content in identity interviews concerning romantic relationships, and how this is related to involvement in romantic relationships in the late twenties. Results revealed that the four identity statuses were equally common at age 25 (N = 136) as they were at age 29 (N = 124). Although 54% were stable in identity status, 46% changed identity status between measurements. Stability in identity status was a typical pattern for all identity statuses, except moratorium. Overall, the content in individuals’ identity narratives seemed to express a strong norm concerning attitudes and expectations of romantic relationships. The few associations between identity status and identity content indicated a somewhat stronger adherence to norms in the foreclosure group and a somewhat lesser adherence to norms in the diffusion group. Involvement in a romantic relationship was more common among individuals who, at age 29, had established commitments and who viewed involvement in romantic relationships as an important life goal. The study illustrates how considering identity processes and content may lead to a deepened understanding of identity development within salient domains.
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| 7. |
- Wängqvist, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Identity Development and Romantic Relationships in the Late Twenties in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Symposium presentation at the 22th Annual Conference of the Society for Research on Identity Formation, Bellingham, Washington, USA. May 14-17, 2015..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This two-wave study investigates identity status and content of identity narratives concerning romantic relationships. Results revealed no difference in identity status distributions in the romantic relationships domain at age 25 (N = 136) compared to age 29 (N = 124). However, while 54% were stable in identity status, 46% changed identity status between measurements. Romantic relationships were expected to involve loyalty, openness, stability, togetherness, and intimacy. A majority wanted to get married and the reasons mainly involved practical advantages and symbolical meaning. This study illustrates how romantic relationships are important identity contexts and salient identity issues in the late twenties.
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| 8. |
- Wängqvist, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Views on Romantic Relationships and Marriage among Late Emerging Adults
- 2013
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 6th Conference on Emerging Adulthood. Chicago, USA. 9-11 October 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examined views on romantic relationships against a background of changes in social contexts of love and work from ages 25 to 29. Thematic analysis of interviews with 124 Swedish late emerging adults revealed that a romantic relationship was important to most of the participant and that a majority of them wanted to get married. They expected loyalty, openness, stability, togetherness, and intimacy from the relationship. Reasons for getting married involved practical advantages and symbolical meanings. A strong norm toward establishing a romantic relationship in the late twenties was apparent in the results.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A Longitudinal Examination of Identity Status Interview Narratives: How Stable is Stable?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 14th biennial conference of European association for research on adolescence. September 3-6, 2014, Çeşme, Izmir, Turkey..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A Longitudinal examination of identity status interview narratives: How stable is stable? The purpose of this research was to investigate how individuals maintain and develop their identities across time, and to identify processes that might prevent identity development. The research aimed to investigate aspects of identity development that are not captured by identity status codings, by focusing on individuals who did not change identity status between measuring points. The identity status interview (Marcia, Waterman, Mattesson, Archer, & Orlofsky, 1993) was performed with 124 Swedes, at age 25 (Frisén & Wängqvist, 2011) and at age 29. Individuals who were stable in committed identity statuses (identity achievement or foreclosure; n=55), and individuals who were stable in uncommitted identity statuses (moratorium or identity diffusion; n= 8), were studied in two separate analyses. Differences and similarities between interview narratives from both interview occasions were summarized, separately for each individual. Inductive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was applied to these summaries. The analysis of identity narratives from individuals in committed identity statuses resulted in a model that suggests that identity development among these individuals may be understood in terms of the deepening or weakening of three dimensions: approach to changing life conditions, meaning making, and development of personal life direction. Interview narratives from individuals assigned to the same uncommitted identity status at both ages were analyzed in a similar way. A combination of deductive and inductive approaches was used, as this allowed both testing of the model derived from the analysis of individuals in committed identity statuses, and for the model to be expanded beyond this original form. The results from this analysis showed that only the dimension meaning making could be applied to individuals assigned to the same uncommitted identity status. The other two dimensions from the first analysis were revised to fit this new group. In addition to the model, the Interview narratives for individuals with uncommitted identity status included elements of procrastination of exploration and commitment-making, problems integrating different identity domains, elements of dismissing available alternatives without choosing anything, and difficulties with more complex reasoning. The study indicates that continued identity development is one of the key processes through which an established sense of identity can be maintained. Moreover, the study identified processes that might prevent identity development among individuals repeatedly assigned to uncommitted identity statuses. In conclusion, the model that derived from this study captures some aspects of identity development among individuals who are repeatedly assigned to the same identity status.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Identity development in the late twenties - a longitudinal study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 20th annual conference for Society for research on identity formation. May 16-19, 2013, Saint Paul, MN, USA..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Identity status interviews were performed with 124 Swedish young adults (63 women) at age 25 and 29. About half of the participants (n=63) were assigned to the same identity status at both interview occasions. Special focus was how the identity of the 55 participants assigned to the same status at both times, with established identity commitments (achieved-achieved or foreclosure-foreclosure), evolved over time. Thematic analysis on summaries of differences and similarities between these participant’s interviews indicated that the identity continues to evolve over time and that inability to evolve result in dissonance between the identity narrative and the actual life situation.
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| 11. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Identity Development in the Late Twenties: A Never Ending Story
- 2015
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Ingår i: Developmental Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0012-1649 .- 1939-0599. ; 51:3, s. 334-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate identity development in the late 20s in order to learn more about the continued identity development after identity commitments have been made. The starting point for the study was the contradiction between ideas of identity development as a lifelong process and identity status research showing that stability in identity development is common, particularly so once identitydefining commitments have been made. Identity status interviews were performed with 124 Swedish individuals (63 women) at ages 25 and 29. The 4 identity statuses were equally common at both ages, and stability in identity status between measurements was a typical pattern for individuals assigned to all identity statuses, except moratorium. Longitudinal analysis of interviews from participants assigned to identity achievement, or foreclosure at both occasions, resulted in a model of continued identity development after commitments have been made. The model showed that relevant processes in this identity development are: the ways in which individuals approach changing life conditions, to what extent they continue to engage in meaning making, and how they continue to develop their personal life direction. Identity achievement was connected to continued identity development, whereas developmental patterns connected to foreclosure were more diverse. In conclusion, the study showed that, regardless of identity status change or stability, identity development continues in the late 20s, also beyond identity achievement. Moreover, continued identity development is needed for an established sense of identity to stay adaptive and flexible.
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| 12. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Life on hold: Staying in identity diffusion in the late twenties
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescence. - : Wiley. - 0140-1971 .- 1095-9254. ; 47, s. 220-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study adds to the understanding of the dark side of identity development by investigating what it means to experience long-term identity diffusion during the late twenties. In a study of change and stability in identity status between ages 25 and 29 (N ¼ 124; 63 women), seven participants were assigned to identity diffusion at both ages. Longitudinal analysis of interviews with these participants showed that long-term experiences of identity diffusion may be described through individuals' approach to changing life conditions, the extent to which they engage in meaning making, and how they develop their personal life direction. In questionnaires, participants reported few signs of psychological distress. Even so, qualitative analyses showed a general trend among participants to keep life on hold through decreased activity or increased haphazard activity in relation to changing life conditions, to make little new meaning, and in some cases to dissolve their personal life direction.
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| 13. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Staying in identity diffusion in the late twenties keeps life on hold
- 2014
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Ingår i: Poster presented at the 21st annual conference of the Society for Research on Identity Formation, March 19, 2014, Austin, Texas, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A model of identity development among individuals repeatedly assigned to the same identity status, with established commitments (identity achievement or foreclosure), was presented at the 2013 SRIF conference. Building upon these results new analyses were preformed, focusing on identity development among individuals assigned to the same uncommitted identity status (moratorium or identity diffusion) at two interview occasions, four years apart. Thematic analysis on summaries of differences and similarities between these individuals’ interview narratives from the two interview occasions resulted in expansion of the previously developed model. Additionally, the analysis identified processes that prevent and post-pone the making of identity commitments.
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| 14. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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“This husband, house, family thing… it’s in some ways the standard model” – Swedish emerging adults’ own voices on a possible future parenthood
- 2011
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 5th Conference on Emerging Adulthood. Providence, Rhode Island, USA. 26-28 October 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This interview study (136 participants) aimed to investigate Swedish emerging adults’ own thoughts and feelings related to a possible future parenthood. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the material. Results showed a strong norm toward wanting to have children among Swedish emerging adults, no participants rejected the idea of parenthood altogether. Women seemed more affected by this norm than men and women also reported more thoughts about potential problems (and possible solutions) related to a future family-life. These results will be discussed in the light of the Swedish public policies.
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| 15. |
- Eriksson, Py Liv, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Identity Development in Early Adulthood
- 2020
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Ingår i: Developmental Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0012-1649 .- 1939-0599. ; 56:10, s. 1968-1983
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This longitudinal study investigated identity development across early adulthood. To examine both stability and change in identity development, an explanatory mixed-methods design was employed. First, patterns of identity status development across early adulthood were examined, followed by an in-depth qualitative approach to understand more about the processes within identity status stability from the late 20s into the 30s. Analyses revealed group-level changes in identity status across ages 25 (M-age = 24.9, SD = 0.7), 29 (M-age = 29.3, SD = 0.6), and 33 (M-age = 33.3, SD = 0.5) among the 118 participants, with fewer individuals in moratorium and more in identity achievement in later years. Stable identity statuses with established commitments (identity achievement and foreclosure) were by far the most common patterns across early adulthood. To understand how early adults maintain their identity within these stable patterns, we employed longitudinal qualitative analyses of identity status interviews from ages 29 and 33. These analyses revealed 3 processes of identity development: approach to change (willingness to adjust and evolve previously established commitments), story integration (thematic and temporal integration, and metaexploration of previous identity work), and participation in a broader life context (identity expanding beyond personal aspirations). Together, these findings show that there is identity status change toward maturity across early adulthood and high stability within individual patterns. The findings also show that stable identity achievement facilitates further deepening within the three processes of identity development, and that stable foreclosure can be connected to both weakening and deepening in identity development.
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| 16. |
- Eriksson, Py Liv, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Identity Development in Early Adulthood: A Continuous Journey
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Society for Research on Adolescence (SRA) biennial meeting. Minneapolis, USA: 12-14 April, 2018.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To understand how people develop their identities in early adulthood and learn more about how identity in the twenties influences later development this study investigates identity development with a longitudinal design and integrates the identity status model with a narrative approach. Three research questions guided the investigations: (1) Which patterns of identity status change and stability may be observed throughout early adulthood? (2) Which processes of change may be identified within identity narratives from individuals coded to the same identity status, with established commitments, across early adulthood? (3) What is the relation between processes of change in identity narratives in the twenties and development in the early thirties, and does this differ between individuals coded to identity achievement and foreclosure across early adulthood? Identity status interviews (Marcia et al., 1993) were performed with 118 individuals (59 women) at ages 25, 29 and 33. Analyses revealed group-level changes in identity status across the three waves. However, typical patterns of individual identity status development between adjacent waves were patterns of stability in foreclosure (n= 20) or identity achievement (n= 25) (see Figure 1). In order to learn more about processes involved in maintaining identity commitments from age 25 into the early thirties identity narratives from individuals who followed these two stable patterns were investigated with longitudinal qualitative analysis. Case-summaries of similarities and differences between each participant’s interview narrative from, ages 25 and 29, as well as from age 29 and 33 were analyzed with thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006). These analyses resulted in a model, with three processes of identity development across the twenties and three processes of identity development across the early thirties (see Figure 2). All processes described changes on a continuum between two endpoints: the weakening endpoint reflected a shallower, more closed and firm identity narrative and the deepening endpoint reflected a richer identity narrative that had evolved between the interview occasions. Qualitative case-based analysis of participants’ development across the two models of identity development showed that evolved and flexible narratives (i.e., those involving processes of deepening) in the twenties were related to one or more processes of deepening, and no processes of shallower and firmer narratives (weakening) in the early thirties. The capacity to adjust the narrative to changing life conditions during the twenties was especially important for a continued development. However, individuals with shallower and firmer narratives in the twenties showed more varied results indicating more individual differences and could either continue in this weakening direction in their early thirties or evolve their identity narratives. With regards to identity status, most individuals coded to a stable achieved identity status continued to evolve their identity narrative from age 25 into the early thirties. The group of individuals coded to a stable foreclosed status showed diverse patterns of development with either continued processes of weakening or deepening, or a change in the opposite direction of their previous development. These results indicate development in identity narratives across early adulthood even without engaging in exploration before commitments are established.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, Py Liv, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Methodological Choices in Narrative Identity Research
- 2017
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Ingår i: 24th Annual Conference International Society for Research on Identity (ISRI) Conference. Groningen, The Netherlands, May 18-21.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main focus in this presentation part of an interactive session on collecting narratives concerned collecting narratives with the identity status interview (Marcia, Waterman, Mattesson, Archer, & Orlofsky, 1993) and with this approach conduct longitudinal analysis of identity narratives (see e.g., Carlsson, Wängqvist, & Frisén, 2015; Wängqvist, Carlsson, van der Lee, & Frisén, 2016). By using the identity status interview this provides possibilities to investigate changes across time in the identity narratives (i.e., narrative change and stability), and explore mechanism behind processes of identity narrative development beyond exploration and commitment. This method also provides possibilities to investigate content of identity narratives and relation between identity processes and content in the narratives, all which can provide a deeper understanding of identity development.
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| 18. |
- Eriksson, Py Liv, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding Identity Development in Early Adulthood: Integrating the Complexity of Individual Experiences and Different Theoretical Perspectives
- 2017
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Ingår i: The International Society for Research on Identity (ISRI) 24th Annual Conference. Groningen, The Netherlands, May 18-21.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study investigates patterns of identity development across early adulthood and the developmental processes behind this development by combining the identity status model with a narrative approach. Identity status interviews were performed with 118 Swedish individuals at ages 25, 29 and 33. The most common patterns of individual identity status development were patterns of stability in foreclosure (n= 20) or identity achievement (n= 25). Qualitative longitudinal analysis of these participants interview narratives resulted in a model with three processes of identity development in early adulthood: ‘Approach to change’, ‘Narrative coherence’ and ‘Participation in a broader life context’.
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| 19. |
- Frisén, Ann, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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“Doesn’t Everyone Want That? It’s Just a Given”: Swedish Emerging Adults’ Expectations on Future Parenthood and Work/Family Priorities
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0743-5584 .- 1552-6895. ; 29:1, s. 67-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated Swedish emerging adults’ expectations on future parenthood through interviews with 124 Swedish emerging adults who were not yet parents. Thematic analysis showed that most participants were sure they wanted to become parents, but not right now. First, they wanted a stable financial situation, a romantic relationship, and time for self-focus. More women than men talked about parenthood as a social norm and wanted to prioritize both work and family. More men than women wanted to prioritize either work or family before the other. The study showed that Swedish emerging adults postpone, but do not reject, parenthood and that gender differences in expectations on parenthood may contribute to a reproduction of gender inequalities in family life.
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| 20. |
- Frisén, Ann, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging Adults in Sweden: Identity formation in the light of love, work and family
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Research. - 0743-5584. ; 26:2, s. 200-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the identity formation of emerging adults in Sweden was investigated in order to discover how identity issues concerning love, work and family are handled. The study group comprised 136 24- to 26-year-olds.The results revealed differences between men and women with regard to their position in the identity formation process. While women were more likely to have made identity-defining decisions after a process of active exploration (identity achievement), men were less likely to explore identity issues and lacked identity-defining commitments (identity diffusion). The position in the identity formation process was related to romantic relationships and occupational contexts. The results are discussed in relation to the sociocultural context of emerging adults in Sweden.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Glavå, Gustaf, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Father Identities and Role Behaviors throughout the Lifespan
- 2021
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Ingår i: Poster presented at the International Society for Research on Identity, 27th annual conference (online), Tufts University, Medford and Somerville, Massachusetts, United States..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A father identity is derived from contextual norms but also from fathers self-meaning of their role. Whilst theoretical studies have stressed the lifelong commitment and development of father involvement, little is known about how fathers experience their father identity and its associated role behaviors throughout the lifespan. We conducted identity-status interviews with 93 fathers in late adulthood and used a thematic analysis in order to address this knowledge gap. Our results included descriptions of the core aspects of fathering over time, how soft parenting was prominent in retrospect, and gave insights into how fathers balanced involvement with the independence of their adult children.
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| 23. |
- Glavå, Gustaf, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Secondary Data Preregistration for the Study: Father Involvement – A Longitudinal Study of its Development and Relation to Life Satisfaction and Generativity
- 2021
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Ingår i: OSF Registries.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a preregistration for a specific study within the project Father Involvement from Early Childhood to Adulthood (FIECA). The specific study we present here is called: “Father Involvement – A Longitudinal Study of its Development and Relation to Life Satisfaction and Generativity”. All the data that will be used in the present study have already been collected within the context of the longitudinal study. Therefore, in this preregistration we focus on specifying relevant disclosures before we execute the analyses for this study. We describe the study in relation to all the questions in the OSF template for analyses of secondary data collected from https://osf.io/x4gzt/ (2020-11-23). The preregistration is attached as a PDF file called "Secondary Data Preregistration".
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| 24. |
- Glavå, Gustaf, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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The Aging Father – Late Adult Fathers’ Perspectives on Fathering Throughout the Lifespan
- 2021
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Ingår i: Poster presented at MIRAI 2.0 Research and Innovation Week (online), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fatherhood has become a topic of great interest within the social sciences. Whilst theoretical studies have stressed the lifelong commitment and development of father involvement, fathers in late adulthood have received little attention within research on fatherhood. In order to address this knowledge gap, we conducted and analyzed in-depth interviews with 93 fathers in late adulthood. Our results included descriptions of core aspects of fathering over time, how soft parenting was prominent in retrospect, and gave insights into how fathers balanced involvement with the independence of their adult children. We are interested in understanding whether and to what extent our results are valid in other contexts as well. Investigating older fathers’ perspectives on their father role in different cultures could lead to theoretically and clinically useful knowledge for promoting lifespan father involvement.
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| 25. |
- Gonul, B., et al.
(författare)
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'I Felt Like Being Upgraded': Emerging Adults' Experiences of Socioeconomic Resources in Relation to Their Vocational Identity Development in Turkey
- 2022
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Ingår i: Emerging Adulthood. - : SAGE Publications. - 2167-6968 .- 2167-6984. ; 10:1, s. 173-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aimed to explore how economic and social resources interact with emerging adults' vocational identity development. Emerging adults (N = 108) from different socioeconomic backgrounds in Turkey were interviewed. Participants' reflections on the intersection between socioeconomic resources and vocational identity development were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results revealed that access to economic and social resources was described as a mediating factor between vocational choices and identity expression. Participants' reports also showed that economic and social resources interacted with vocational identity development by affecting vocational exploration, expectations of vocational choices, perceived support and guidance, and future projections. While participants' socioeconomic background was a significant factor affecting the prevalence of participants' experiences, connections between the subthemes also indicated different clusters of experiences. Results provide important insights regarding the intersection between socioeconomic resources and vocational identity and the boundary and promoting factors leading emerging adults to pursue their vocational aspirations.
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| 26. |
- Gyberg, Fanny, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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”Another kind of Swede” - Ethnic identity in contemporary Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Society for the Study of Emerging Adulthood (SSEA) 7th Biennal Conference, 16 October, Miami, FL.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ethnic diversity in Sweden has been growing for years, with approximately 28% of current residents coming from immigrant families (i.e., at least one parent born outside of Sweden; Statistics Sweden, 2014). By focusing on the narrative identity content related to ethnicity, the purpose of this paper is to yield valuable insights into contemporary Swedish society and the personal experiences of emerging adults. Sweden is often viewed as one of the most well-integrated countries in the world (Migrant Integration Policy Index; MIPEX, 2011). For example, rather than being forced to learn only the Swedish language as is the custom in many other countries that are stressing the importance of assimilation, immigrant children in Sweden are often provided with resources in school to maintain their heritage language while also learning Swedish and English. Thus, even though nationalistic ideas have been on the rise within Swedish society and assimilation may be preferred, multiculturalism may also be permitted and facilitated. So what might immigrant identity and adjustment look like in a society that does not fervently endorse assimilation? With this paper, our objective is to present and discuss results from a recent study in the GREEN project (Gothenburg Research on Ethnicity-related Experiences and identity Narratives) on how immigrant and non-immigrant emerging adults in Sweden talk about ethnicity. Thus, the research question that has guided our work is: How can ethnic identity be understood from the context of immigration in contemporary Sweden? /.../
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| 27. |
- Gyberg, Fanny, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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“Another Kind of Swede”: Swedish Youth’s Ethnic Identity Narratives
- 2018
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Ingår i: Emerging Adulthood. - : SAGE Publications. - 2167-6968 .- 2167-6984. ; 6:1, s. 17-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to use a narrative approach to investigate the types of ethnicity-related experiences (i.e., ethnic identity content) that were prevalent in the lives of young people in Sweden, and to examine if these types of experiences differed due to immigrant status, self-identified ethnicity, or age groups. Ninety-five participants (87% women, 66% immigrants; 57% emerging adults, 43% adolescents; Mage = 19.62) shared their ethnicity-related experiences. Results indicated that youth from immigrant backgrounds more often wrote about ethnicity-related experiences. Thematic analysis revealed six types of stories: feelings of prejudice or racism, general differences, not fitting in, being “another kind of Swede,” being in-between cultures or ethnicities, and cultural ideologies. These themes showed little variation by participant immigrant background, ethnicity, or age. The themes found in this study reflect complex and multicultural identities that may play an important part in young people’s identity formation.
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| 28. |
- Gyberg, Fanny, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Discrimination and its relation to psychosocial well-being among diverse youth in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1520-3247 .- 1534-8687. ; 2021:176, s. 163-181
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiences of discrimination and links to well-being have been examined extensively, but several gaps remain. The current study addresses four of those gaps by 1) examining both aggregated and source-specific forms of discrimination, 2) comparing the experiences of minority and majority group members, 3) expanding the range of outcomes to include socially and developmentally appropriate measures, and 4) conducting the study in Sweden, a context in which discrimination and well-being are not well-understood. The sample consisted of 573 adolescents and emerging adults (71% women, Mage = 19.21 years) who completed survey measures of discrimination and psychosocial well-being (self-esteem, life satisfaction, school adjustment, and identity distress). Findings indicated that minority groups reported more frequent discrimination, and more often cited ethnicity as the source of discrimination, whereas majority groups most often cited gender. Experiencing discrimination was related to poorer psychosocial well-being similarly for all groups. Youth experiencing ethnic discrimination were more often subjected to multiple forms of discrimination compared with those subjected to other forms of discrimination. Taken together, this study brings important information on the complexity of discrimination among youth in the multicultural context of migration in Sweden.
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| 29. |
- Gyberg, Fanny, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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‘I don’t even know myself what I am’ – Ethnic identity in contemporary Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: The 23rd Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (IACCP), Nagoya, Japan, July 30 - August 3.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Through a narrative approach, focusing on ethnicity-related identity content, the purpose of this study was to yield valuable insights into contemporary Swedish society and the personal experiences of young people in Sweden today. 95 participants (87% women, mean age 19.62) wrote down narratives where they shared their ethnicity-related experiences. Through thematic analysis, we found six salient themes: experience of prejudice or discrimination, experience of general difference, experience of being ‘another kind of Swede’, experience of distancing to culture or ethnicity, experience of being in-between cultures or ethnicities, and experiences of cultural ideologies. Although Sweden is viewed as one of the most well-integrated countries in the world, the results indicate that this may not always correspond with the youth’s own lived experiences. The themes found reflect complex and multicultural identities as well as issues of otherness and segregation, which may play an important part in young people’s identity formation.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Järdmo, Caroline, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of romantic relationships among early adults who do not turn to their long-term partner when in need of love and support
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 64:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As most early adults in long-term romantic relationships rely on their partner to fulfill their relational needs, relationships with romantic partners are very important to many people at this time of life. However, there is a group of individuals for whom their long-term partner is not the most important person when they need love and support. This study explored experiences of romantic relationships among early adults who do not turn to their long-term partner to meet these needs. Twelve individuals in early adulthood (Mage = 33.3years; SD= 0.54) were selected from a larger community sample (N= 124) based on their answers on a questionnaire about who they turn to when in need of love and support. A thematic analysis of their answers in interviews about romantic relationships resulted in three main themes: Distancing attitudes toward romantic relationships, Desirable aspects of romantic relationships, and Not thinking about romantic relationships. The results show that these early adults' reflections on romantic relationships were characterized by ambivalence, striving toward independence, and relating to their partner as a person to have fun with rather than someone to share a deep connection with. Participants also expressed disagreement with what they perceived as norms concerning romantic relationships. Taken together, this study illustrates that the experiences of early adults who do not turn to their long-term partner to meet needs of love and support are characterized by a complex interaction between contradictory feelings, values, and behaviors.
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| 33. |
- Kling, Johanna, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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In what different ways is the body salient in people’s identities?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Appearance Matters 8 Conference, Bath, UK, June 12-14.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous research has found associations between negative body image and identity problems. However, there are also theoretical reasons to assume much greater diversity in relations between body image and identity, and this study investigates these diverse relations further. Specifically, the aim of the present study was to attend to a gap in previous research by exploring the different ways in which young adults experience their bodies as salient to their identities. Interviews were conducted with a community sample of 121 young adults (M age=33.3; SD=.54; 62 women and 59 men). Thematic analysis resulted in four main themes, reflective of the content of the participants’ descriptions. The first main theme, Identification with the body, included descriptions of the participants’ experiences of the body as inseparable from their identity, as well as how appearance- or body-related changes has led to identity changes. An example of a statement regarding this theme came from a participant who said that: “This is the body that I’ve had and the one I’ve got so this body is me”. The second main theme, Body functionality as a means to perform identity-relevant tasks, included participants’ descriptions of bodily functions as a means to perform activities important to their identity. The third main theme, Appearance and identity in social interactions, comprised participants’ reflections about the body’s role as a means to display identity in social interactions, and how appearance-related interactions influence identity. The fourth main theme, Identity-relevant bodily engagement, included participant’s descriptions of spending considerable time and effort engaging in the body as an essential aspects of who they were. The present study offers valuable knowledge in a novel research area by showing a diversity of experiences of how the body is important in relation to people’s identities. The results show that the ways in which the body is salient for young adults’ identity include, but also go far beyond, previous associations between negative body image and identity problems. It also highlights positive aspects, functionality, embodied experiences, and social environments.
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| 34. |
- Kling, Johanna, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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“This body is me” Discovering the ways in which the body is salient in people's identities
- 2018
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445. ; 24, s. 102-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although previous research has revealed associations between negative body image and identity problems, there are sound theoretical reasons to assume much greater diversity in relations between body image and identity. The aim of the present qualitative study was to explore the ways people find the body salient to their identities. Young adults (N=121; 51% women) were interviewed, and four main themes were found: identification with the body, body functionality in identity-relevant tasks, appearance and identity in social interactions, and identity-relevant bodily engagement. Both positive and negative ways in which the body is salient in identity were described and descriptions included functionality, embodied experiences, and social environments. Gender differences were not found with one exception: more women than men described experiences of identifying with their bodies. These novel results have implications for the understanding of the interconnection between body image and identity and may open avenues for continued research.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Larsson, Hanna, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal findings on pathways of identity development across emerging and established adulthood
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Society for Research on Identity 30th Anniversary Conference.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Longitudinal identity research is essential to increase our understanding of both typical identity processes, and the diversity of their pathways and mechanisms. In this symposium, findings are presented from exceptionally long longitudinal studies. In addition, both the potential of longitudinal studies and their challenges are considered. All presenters have fresh results from their latest data collections and will also discuss them based on previous longitudinal data. Hanna Larsson will present recent results from the Gothenburg Longitudinal Study of Development (GoLD). GoLD started in 1982 with a community sample of 144 one- to two-year-olds from Gothenburg, Sweden. During the last four waves of data collections (at ages 25, 29, 33, and 39), the Ego Identity Status Interview (Marcia et al., 1993) has been used to study multiple aspects of identity development. In this presentation, longitudinal patterns of identity status stability and change across all four time points will be presented along with results from qualitative analyses of interviews with participants stable in identity foreclosure or achievement.
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| 37. |
- Nelson, Sarah C., et al.
(författare)
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Identity and the Body: Trajectories of Body Esteem From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood
- 2018
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Ingår i: Developmental Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0012-1649 .- 1939-0599. ; 54:6, s. 1159-1171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although Erikson (1968) originally conceptualized identity development as a process of becoming at home in one's body, little work has been done linking identity development and research on the body. This study examines how trajectories of the development of body esteem over time are related to young people's sense of identity and psychological functioning in a longitudinal sample from age 10 to 24 (N = 967). Using group-based trajectory modeling, three cubic subgroups were determined for each of the three types of body esteem: appearance, weight, and attribution. These groups demonstrated significant variations in the ways in which body esteem changes over time. These trajectory groups importantly differed in relationship to gender, identity coherence, identity confusion, and psychological functioning. Results are discussed in terms of the need to use a sociocultural perspective to explore the body's relation to identity development and the importance of disaggregating mean-level findings using person-centered approaches to determine high-risk groups.
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| 38. |
- Nelson, Sarah C., et al.
(författare)
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Multiculturalism and Swedish Immigration
- 2015
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Ingår i: Society for the Study of Emerging Adulthood (SSEA) 7th Biennal Conference, 15 October, Miami, FL.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Immigration is a significant historical, cultural and political issue in the United States. In the United States, immigrants are expected to “become American” by adopting American cultural, economic, and social practices while the practices of their homeland (Huntington, 2004). Within this context of expected assimilation, researchers have demonstrated that the best adjusted immigrant emerging adults are those who are able to integrate their past identities with their current contexts (see Berry, Phinney, Same, & Vedder, 2006). Little attention, to our knowledge has been paid to the ways in which immigrant youth in other cultures best adjust to their new contexts. Sweden represents an interesting contrast to the United States in this inquiry, as its immigration narrative appears to be one of multiculturalism rather than of assimilation. Swedish immigration policy endorses “equality, freedom of choice, and partnership,” affording immigrants all the benefits of the social welfare state including voting rights, the freedom to choose assimilation or distinctiveness, and partnership in the support of instruction in children’s native language in schools (Westin, 2006). It remains to be seen if in this context, wherein multiculturalism is espoused, integration of cultural past and present still predicts the best adjustment outcomes for immigrant emerging adults. The aim of the present study is to understand the cultural context of Swedish immigrants. What culturally dominant narratives do emerging adults immigrating to Sweden encounter and how do they navigate their own identities in this context? In order to answer this question we prompted emerging adults who are Swedish natives and immigrants to provide stories of times when their personal story diverged from the “norm.” These narrative data are currently in the initial stages of analysis by the research team. A coding scheme is being developed utilizing three levels of analysis: 1) the narrative’s valence structure (that is increasing, decreasing, stable low, or stable high valence), 2) the narrative’s specific content themes and characters, and 3) the “master cultural narrative” which the participant’s narrative appears to be counteracting. This study is part of a larger collaboration with between researchers in the U.S. and Sweden. Data from approximately 750 adolescents and emerging adults from immigrant and non-immigrant backgrounds will be analyzed. This presentation will detail the narrative findings from this coding scheme as well as provide initial hypothesizes about the connection between a multicultural immigration policy and the narrated experience of immigrants to Sweden.
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| 39. |
- Wiking, Kitty, et al.
(författare)
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Family Identity and Deviations from the Master Narrative in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Identity. An International Journal of Theory and Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1528-3488 .- 1532-706X. ; 23:2, s. 137-154
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the content of family identity among people in Sweden, a country often portrayed as relatively free from traditional family norms. More specifically, we investigated the types of family-related narratives that individuals shared, narratives of deviation from the master narrative of what was expected and accepted in Swedish society. In addition, the identity centrality of the themes was investigated. The data covered 462 participants, 170 of whom – 139 women, 30 men, and one non-binary (Mage = 20.11, SD = 4.85) – had family-related narratives. We identified six themes of deviating narratives, of which the family-related narratives had significantly higher identity centrality than did the non-family-related narratives. Not only do the present findings emphasize the importance of family for people’s identities, but they also illustrate the complex and multilayered aspects of family identity. The master narrative discernable in the participants’ narratives of deviation portrays ideals of the happy, white, secular, middle-class, heteronormative nuclear family, even though this does not always correspond to the actual lived situations of families in contemporary Sweden.
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| 40. |
- Wängqvist, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal study of personality development through childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Symposium at the 16th European Conference on Developmental Psychology.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the development of the Big Five personality traits through childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood. The participants were a community sample from the Gothenburg Longitudinal study of Development (GoLD). The study’s seven measurement waves started when the initial 137 participants were 2 years old and covered the ages 2, 3, 7, 8, 15, 21 and 25. The measure used was the California Child Q-set, recoded as recommended by John, Caspi, Robins, Moffit, and Stauthamer-Loeber (1994). At the first five waves the participants’ mothers were the informants, whereas at the last to waves (age21 and 25) the participants described themselves. Results showed that rank-order stabilities increased with time. Hence, these correlations pointed to an increase in the stability of individual differences in personality traits with age. Moreover growth curve analyses revealed mean-level changes as well as individual variations around the developmental trends. Agreeableness and conscientiousness increased over time. Neuroticism increased until age eight and then slightly decreased. Extraversion and openness initially decreased, but leveled out in the emerging adult years. There were gender differences in some of the developmental trajectories. From late childhood or adolescence, females started to show higher levels of extraversion and neuroticism alongside lower levels of openness to experience. The clearest gender difference was in neuroticism, where females’ neuroticism increased more than the males’ did. To conclude, the developmental trajectories of some of the Big Five traits varied at different phases of the lifespan and there were significant variations in individual developmental trajectories. Also, in comparison to previous research there were both similarities and differences with regards to developmental trends. Thus, accounts of normative changes in personality development towards maturity need to take into account individual, socio-cultural, and age-related variability as well.
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| 41. |
- Wängqvist, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents integration of identity constructions in on-and offline social contexts
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Paper presented at the 14th biennial conference of the European Association for Research on Adolescence, Cesme, Turkey, September 3-6, 2014.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Today, youth experiment with different self-presentations and explore who they are in both on- and offline contexts. Erikson (1968) emphasized that a sense of identity lead individuals to experience continuity between their views of themselves in the past and the future, as well as across social contexts. To establish a sense of coherence between one’s context-specific identities is thus a crucial aspect of identity formation. Online contexts offer new challenges to the individual’s strive to integrate context-specific identities, but little is known about how. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the importance and integration of identity constructions across on- and offline social contexts in adolescents’ formation of a sense of identity. The participants in this study were 128 Swedish high school students (Mage = 16.9, SD = 0.9), 63 women and 65 men. The participants answered questions about their age, gender, and identity usage; filled out the Identity confusion subscale of the Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory— EPSI (Rosenthal, Gurney, & Moore, 1981); and an adapted Swedish version of a questionnaire developed by van Hoof and Raaijmakers (2002, 2003) that measure the importance and identity integration across the four social contexts the own home, school, leisure activities, and Facebook. The results showed that the adolescents thought that other people would get to know them better in the offline contexts than they would if they saw them on Facebook. Moreover, the adolescents’ self-descriptions were more similar across the three offline contexts than between offline contexts and Facebook, but higher integration of all four context-specific identities were related to lower identity confusion. There were also individual differences in the importance of Facebook to the sense of identity. The more individuals felt that Facebook was a context where they could express unique sides of themselves and the more time they spent on Facebook, the more did they feel that people would get to know them if they saw them there. However, the participants thought that the internet in general offered better opportunities to express unique sides of the self than Facebook in particular. Nonetheless, Facebook was the most commonly used webpage, followed by YouTube, Google, and Instagram. From this study it may be concluded that integration of on- and offline identity constructions is important to the sense of identity, but that the importance of online contexts to identity formation may differ depending on the specific online context.
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| 42. |
- Wängqvist, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between identity status, identity distress and psychological symptoms
- 2010
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 12th Biennal Conference for the European Association for Research on Adolescence, Vilnius, Lithuania, 12-15 may 2010.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In most industrial and post-industrial countries identity formation has been expanded to apply not only to adolescence but the subsequent period of emerging adulthood as well. Identity formation may affect a person's well-being and the purpose of this study was to explore the associations between identity formation, identity distress and psychological symptoms in emerging adulthood. Method: The study group was 136 emerging adults from Sweden (65 women, 71 men), 24-26 years old. The participants were interviewed and filled out paper-and-pencil measures designed for the study of identity formation (Marcia's Ego-Identity Status Interview), identity distress (the Identity Distress survey) and psychological symptoms (the Symptom Checklist-90). Results: Active identity exploration (the moratorium identity status) was found to be related to higher levels of identity distress as well as psychological symptoms. Measures of identity distress were also found to be associated with higher levels of psychological symptoms. Additionally, 7.4% (n = 10) of the participants matched the criteria for identity disorder and 17.6% (n = 24) matched the criteria for identity problems. Gender differences were found only with regards to identity formation but not for the other two variables (i.e.; identity distress and psychological symptoms). The women were more likely to be categorized to identity achievement and the men were more likely to be categorized to identity diffusion. Conclusions: The results of this study implies that for some young people the identity exploration that signifies emerging adulthood can be accompanied by increased distress over identity issues as well as increased psychological symptoms. Additionally, the results showed that some young people experience clinically significant distress over identity issues.
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| 43. |
- Wängqvist, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Child and Adolescent Predictors of Personality in Early Adulthood
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Child Development. - : Wiley. - 0009-3920 .- 1467-8624. ; 86:4, s. 1253-1261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated development of the Big Five personality traits from early childhood into adulthood. An initial group of 137 Swedish children were assessed eight times between ages 2 and 29 years. Initial decreases in extraversion leveled off in early adulthood; agreeableness and conscientiousness increased from ages 2 to 29; neuroticism initially increased, leveled off in later childhood and adolescence, and decreased throughout early adulthood; while openness to experience showed an initial increase, then decreased and leveled off in early adulthood. Individual developmental trajectories varied significantly, particularly in relation to gender. Personality traits became increasingly stable, and the fact that childhood scores predicted scores in adulthood indicated that personalities are fairly stable across this portion of the life span
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| 44. |
- Wängqvist, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Do stimulation and support in the early childhood home environment and best friendship quality in adolescence predict adult personality?
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Current Issues in Personality Psychology. - : Termedia Sp. z.o.o.. - 2353-4192 .- 2353-561X. ; 11, s. 87-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- background The aim of this study was to determine whether stimulation and support in early childhood and best friendship quality in adolescence predict adult personality. participants and procedure We used data from 123 individuals from an ongoing longitudinal study, with multiple assessment phases and modalities (observation, parental rating, self-report) to investigate prospective associations between stimulation and support in the home in early childhood (age 1-2), best friendship quality in adolescence (age 15), and the Big Five personality traits in adulthood (age 29) controlling for temperament, socioeconomic status (SES), and gender. results After controlling for temperament, SES, and gender, we found that early childhood stimulation and support was related to adult openness to experiences, but not the other four traits, and that best friendship quality in adolescence was related to adult extraversion and agreeableness, but not conscientiousness, neuroticism, or openness to experiences. conclusions The study contributes to research indicating that while personalities are relatively stable, they are not fixed at an early age and may be related to experiences and salient relationships throughout development. There is a dearth of research investigating such associations and the available findings are inconsistent. Conclusions about the relations between experiences such as stimulation and support in the home in early childhood or best friendship quality in adolescence and adult personality should thus be viewed skeptically until replicated.
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| 45. |
- Wängqvist, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Emerging Adults’ Body Image and Identity Formation: The role of Gender and Self-Esteem
- 2015
-
Ingår i: In M. Wängqvist (chair) "A feeling of being at home in one's body" Bringing the body into research on identity development. Symposium conducted at the 7th conference on Emerging Adulthood, Miami, FL, USA..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Experiences related to the physical body have a crucial impact on many aspects of people’s psychosocial well-being and adjustment (Cash & Smolak, 2011). Erikson (1968) stated that identity is “located” both in the core of the individual and in the core of their society. Individuals’ identity formation is thus influenced both by their individual characteristics such as physiological and cognitive development, and the characteristics of their society. Because identity formation is an essential task during emerging adulthood, and Western society today is particularly appearance-focused, body dissatisfaction may hinder a healthy transition into adulthood (Dohnt & Tiggemann, 2006). While the importance of the physical body in identity development long has been theoretically inferred (e.g., Erikson, 1968, Arnett, 2000), research investigating these associations is scarce and needs significant development (Daniels & Gillen, 2015). For example, there has been a lack in investigations of how body image (i.e., one’s body- or appearance-related perceptions, thoughts and feelings; Grogan, 1999) is related to identity formation (Daniels & Gillen, 2015). Therefore, the present study aimed to examine how different aspects of body image are related to identity synthesis and identity confusion in emerging adulthood. The participants in this study were 545 Swedish emerging adults (303 women and 242 men) with a mean age of 24.4 years (SD = .52). Body image was assessed using the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA; Mendelson et al., 2001) with three subscales: BE-Appearance (appearance-based body esteem), BE-Weight (Weight-based body esteem), and BE-Attribution (beliefs about how others view one’s body and appearance). Identity formation was measured using the 12-item identity subscale from the Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (EPSI; Rosenthal, Gurney, & Moore, 1981; Schwartz, Zamboanga, Wang, & Olthuis, 2009) and divided into identity synthesis and identity diffusion. Self-esteem was assessed using the Single-Item Self-Esteem Scale (SISE; Robins, Hendin, & Trzesniewski, 2001). Results indicated that high appearance-based body esteem (BE-Appearance) predicted high identity synthesis and low identity confusion. Also, high scores concerning beliefs about how others view one’s body and appearance (BE-Attribution) predicted high identity synthesis, but was not related to identity confusion. Weight-based body esteem (BE-Weigh) did not predict identity synthesis or identity confusion. The analyses did not suggest that gender moderated the relationship between body image and identity formation. Furthermore, analyses revealed significant predictive relationship between BE-Appearance and identity synthesis and confusion, as well as between BE-Attribution and identity synthesis, even when including self-esteem as a predictor. However, when including self-esteem as a predictor, the effects of BE-Appearance and BE-Attribution became reduced, indicating a partial mediating effect of self-esteem. The results are discussed in relation to theory that has suggested that appearance is a more salient aspect of women’s identity than men’s and we propose that future studies might investigate how the associations between body image and identity are related to different identity domains and contents. It is concluded that associations between emerging adults’ body image and identity formation go beyond what may be explained by their associations to self-esteem.
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| 46. |
- Wängqvist, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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"Every Day has Enough of Its Own Torment"-A Narrative Study of Life's Greatest Challenge Among Men in Late Adulthood
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Adult Development. - 1068-0667.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate stories of life's greatest challenge among men in late adulthood from a narrative and developmental perspective. The investigations focused on narrative processes and the content of challenge narratives in relation to satisfaction with life and generativity. Narrative processes were analyzed using existing frameworks (Eriksson et al. Identity 20:157-169, 2020). The study showed negative, neutral/vague, redemptive, and a combination of positive and negative emotional sequences, among which negative sequencing was the most common. An additional narrative theme, metareflections of challenges as part of life, involved the conclusion that hardship is simply part of what one may expect from life. Analyses of types of challenges revealed six categories and a secondary coding the adversity of the challenges. In contrast to expectations, redemptive sequencing was not associated with either higher satisfaction with life or generativity. The few differences that emerged in the subsequent analyses showed that participants whose challenges were coded as not expected and potentially disruptive had significantly lower satisfaction with life and lower mean age when the challenge occurred. In conclusion, the study demonstrated the saliency of the challenges' timing and adversity. Negative framing was common in the challenge narratives of the men in late adulthood, without being negatively associated with satisfaction with life or generativity. The role of negative emotional sequencing in this study adds new perspectives to the emphasis on redemption and positive emotionality for well-being and generativity in later adulthood.
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| 47. |
|
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| 48. |
- Wängqvist, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in identity status in Sweden: A socio-cultural perspective
- 2011
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 16th biennal Conference of the Society for Research on Identity Formation. Daytona Beach, Florida, USA. 3-6 February 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, identity status research with adolescents and emerging adults, using both questionnaires and interviews, have revealed that it is more often young men than young women who experience identity diffusion and that these young men report low levels of psychological distress. Moreover, young women have more often been found in the moratorium or identity achievement statuses. The purpose of this paper is to present these findings and to use a socio-cultural perspective in trying to understand them. Results from several studies, including some previously unpublished results are presented and discussed in the light of the Swedish socio-cultural context.
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| 49. |
- Wängqvist, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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How identity status interviews may be used for in-depth studies of identity development : two wave longitudinal study of identity in emerging adulthood
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Symposium presentation at the 14th biennial conference of the European Association for Research on Adolescence, Cesme, Turkey, September 3-6, 2014.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this presentation is to illustrate how the identity status interview may be used to study process, content, and contexts of identity development. To do so we draw on published (e.g., Frisén, Carlsson, & Wängqvist, 2014; Frisén & Wängqvist, 2011; Wängqvist & Frisén, 2011) and unpublished results from a longitudinal project (GoLD) with identity status interviews (Marcia, Waterman, Mattesson, Archer, & Orlofsky, 1993) with emerging adults. The interviews focused on occupation, romantic relationships, parenthood, and work/family priorities, with 136 Swedish 25-year-olds and four years later with 124 of these participants. The semi-structured interview format and coding procedure used enable both quantitative and qualitative analyse of identity development in emerging adulthood. This mixed methods approach (e.g., Lieber & Weisner, 2010) offers opportunity to study identity development in depth. For example, quantitative analyses showed that it was much less common for the 25-year-old participants to explore issues concerning romantic relationships and parenthood than it was to explore occupational choices and work/family priorities (Frisén & Wängqvist, 2011). Further qualitative analyses revealed that compared to occupational choices issues concerning romantic relationships were viewed more as facts than as issues that need to be considered from several perspectives (Wängqvist, Frisén, Ignell, & Fernros, 2011). Similar results were found in thematic analyses of how the participants talked about parenthood (Frisén et al., 2014). In the second wave the question: If, besides from the issues relating to work and family, there was something else in their lives that were salient to their views of themselves, revealed a variety of life areas that emerging adults view as important to their sense of identity besides issues of love and work. These life areas involved, for example, watching and practicing different sports, friendships, and music. In line with other Swedish studies (Bergh & Erling, 2005) religion and politics were uncommon. Another example of the explanatory mixed methods approach is the longitudinal analyses of the interviews. These analyses have revealed that there is continued identity development among individuals whose identities appear stable in identity status. This development involved people’s approach to changing life conditions, their tendency to continue to make meaning of their experiences, and their development of a personal life direction. The conclusions from our work within GoLD are that identity status interviews combined with a mixed methods approach would be useful for in depth studies of identity development in adolescence as well as in emerging adulthood.
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- Wängqvist, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Identity and Psychological Distress in Emerging Adulthood in Sweden: Is It Always Distressing Not to Know Who to Be and What to Do?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research. - 1528-3488. ; 11, s. 93-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was twofold. The first aim was to explore the relationships between identity status, identity distress, and psychological symptoms. The second was to test a mediational model where identity distress was hypothesized to mediate a relationship between identity status and psychological symptoms. The study group comprised 136 emerging adults from Sweden (68 women, 68 men) of between 24 and 26 years of age. The results showed that experiencing moratorium was related to higher levels of identity distress as well as psychological symptoms. Measures of identity distress were associated with higher levels of psychological symptoms. Thus, there was support for the proposed mediational model. The results of this study indicate that, for some young people, the identity explorations of emerging adulthood can be accompanied by increased psychological symptoms, mediated by the experience of identity distress. However, for these emerging adults in Sweden, identity diffusion was not associated with identity distress and psychological symptoms.
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