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| 2. |
- Beral, V, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer - collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58515 women with breast cancer and 95067 women without the disease
- 2002
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 87, s. 1234-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol and tobacco consumption are closely correlated and published results on their association with breast cancer have not always allowed adequately for confounding between these exposures. Over 80% of the relevant information worldwide on alcohol and tobacco consumption and breast cancer were collated, checked and analysed centrally. Analyses included 58515 women with invasive breast cancer and 95067 controls from 53 studies. Relative risks of breast cancer were estimated, after stratifying by study, age, parity and, where appropriate, women's age when their first child was born and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The average consumption of alcohol reported by controls from developed countries was 6.0 g per day, i.e. about half a unit/drink of alcohol per day, and was greater in ever-smokers than never-smokers, (8.4 g per day and 5.0 g per day, respectively). Compared with women who reported drinking no alcohol, the relative risk of breast cancer was 1.32 (1.19 - 1.45, P < 0.00001) for an intake of 35 - 44 g per day alcohol, and 1.46 (1.33 - 1.61, P < 0.00001) for greater than or equal to 45 g per day alcohol. The relative risk of breast cancer increased by 7.1% (95% CI 5.5-8.7%; P<0.00001) for each additional 10 g per day intake of alcohol, i.e. for each extra unit or drink of alcohol consumed on a daily basis. This increase was the same in ever-smokers and never-smokers (7.1 % per 10 g per day, P < 0.00001, in each group). By contrast, the relationship between smoking and breast cancer was substantially confounded by the effect of alcohol. When analyses were restricted to 22 255 women with breast cancer and 40 832 controls who reported drinking no alcohol, smoking was not associated with breast cancer (compared to never-smokers, relative risk for ever-smokers= 1.03, 95% CI 0.98 - 1.07, and for current smokers=0.99, 0.92 - 1.05). The results for alcohol and for tobacco did not vary substantially across studies, study designs, or according to 15 personal characteristics of the women; nor were the findings materially confounded by any of these factors. If the observed relationship for alcohol is causal, these results suggest that about 4% of the breast cancers in developed countries are attributable to alcohol. In developing countries, where alcohol consumption among controls averaged only 0.4 g per day, alcohol would have a negligible effect on the incidence of breast cancer. In conclusion, smoking has little or no independent effect on the risk of developing breast cancer; the effect of alcohol on breast cancer needs to be interpreted in the context of its beneficial effects, in moderation, on cardiovascular disease and its harmful effects on cirrhosis and cancers of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus and liver. (C) 2002 Cancer Research UK.
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| 6. |
- Khan, J, et al.
(författare)
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Classification and diagnostic prediction of cancers using gene expression profiling and artificial neural networks
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 7:6, s. 673-679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to develop a method of classifying cancers to specific diagnosticcategories based on their gene expression signatures using artificial neural networks (ANNs).We trained the ANNs using the small, round blue-cell tumors (SRBCTs) as a model. These cancersbelong to four distinct diagnostic categories and often present diagnostic dilemmas in clinicalpractice. The ANNs correctly classified all samples and identified the genes most relevant to theclassification. Expression of several of these genes has been reported in SRBCTs, but most havenot been associated with these cancers. To test the ability of the trained ANN models to recognizeSRBCTs, we analyzed additional blinded samples that were not previously used for the trainingprocedure, and correctly classified them in all cases. This study demonstrates the potentialapplications of these methods for tumor diagnosis and the identification of candidate targets fortherapy.
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| 7. |
- Roumiantsev, S., Vajtai, R., Pala, N., Wei, B.Q., Shur, M.S., Kish, L.B., Ajayan, P.M.
(författare)
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Noise properties of ironfilled carbon nanotubes
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Symposium “Nanostructures: Physics and Technology”, St. Petersburg, Russia, 18-22 June 2001. Paper to be presented by S. Roumiantsev..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Chen, Weimin, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Nature and Formation of Non-Radiative Defects in GaNAs and InGaAsN
- 2002
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Ingår i: MRS Fall Meeting 2001,2001. - Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings, Vol. 692 : MRS. ; , s. 67-72
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) technique has been employed to examine the nature and formation mechanism of non-radiative defects in GaNAs and InGaAsN. In both alloys, two defects were observed and were shown to be deep-level, non-radiative recombination centers. One of the defects has been identified as a complex involving an AsGa antisite. These two defects gain more importance with increasing N composition up to 3%, presumably due to an increase in their concentration. With a further higher N composition, the defects start to lose importance in carrier recombination that is attributed to an increasingly important role of other new non-radiative channels introduced with a high N composition. On the other hand, effect of In composition up to 3% seems to be only marginal. Both defects were shown to be preferably introduced in the alloys during low-temperature growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), but can be rather efficiently removed by post-growth rapid thermal annealing.
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| 12. |
- Horikawa, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation in the gene encoding calpain-10 is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 26:2, s. 163-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type 2 or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is the most common form of diabetes worldwide, affecting approximately 4% of the world's adult population. It is multifactorial in origin with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to its development. A genome-wide screen for type 2 diabetes genes carried out in Mexican Americans localized a susceptibility gene, designated NIDDM1, to chromosome 2. Here we describe the positional cloning of a gene located in the NIDDM1 region that shows association with type 2 diabetes in Mexican Americans and a Northern European population from the Botnia region of Finland. This putative diabetes-susceptibility gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed member of the calpain-like cysteine protease family, calpain-10 (CAPN10). This finding suggests a novel pathway that may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.
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| 13. |
- Kourmouli, Niki, et al.
(författare)
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Heterochromatin and tri-methylated lysine 20 of histone H4 in animals
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Cell Science. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0021-9533 .- 1477-9137. ; 117:14, s. 2491-2501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tri-methylated lysine 20 on histone H4 (Me(3)K20H4) is a marker of constitutive heterochromatin in murine interphase and metaphase cells. Heterochromatin marked by Me(3)K20H4 replicates late during S phase of the cell cycle. Serum starvation increases the number of cells that exhibit high levels of Me(3)K20H4 at constitutive heterochromatin. Me(3)K20H4 is also present at the centromeric heterochromatin of most meiotic chromosomes during spermatogenesis and at the pseudoautosomal region, as well as at some telomeres. It is not present on the XY-body. During murine embryogenesis the maternal pronucleus contains Me(3)K20H4; Me(3)K20H4 is absent from the paternal pronucleus. On Drosophila polytene chromosomes Me(3)K20H4 is present in a `punctate pattern' at many chromosomal bands, including the chromocenter. In coccids it is present on the facultatively heterochromatinised paternal chromosome set. We also present evidence that Me(3)K20H4 is dependent upon H3-specific Suv(3)9 histone methyltransferase activity, suggesting that there may be `epigenetic cross-talk' between histones H3 and H4.
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| 15. |
- Li, Wei, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of cell death by the lysosomotropic detergent MSDH
- 2000
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Ingår i: FEBS Letters. - 0014-5793 .- 1873-3468. ; 470:1, s. 35-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Controlled lysosomal rupture was initiated in lysosome-rich, macrophage-like cells by the synthetic lysosomotropic detergent, O-methyl-serine dodecylamide hydrochloride (MSDH). When MSDH was applied at low concentrations, resulting in partial lysosomal rupture, activation of pro-caspase-3-like proteases and apoptosis followed after some hours. Early during apoptosis, but clearly secondary to lysosomal destabilization, the mitochondrial transmembrane potential declined. At high concentrations, MSDH caused extensive lysosomal rupture and necrosis. It is suggested that lysosomal proteases, if released to the cytosol, may cause apoptosis directly by pro-caspase activation and/or indirectly by mitochondrial attack with ensuing discharge of pro-apoptotic factors.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Ni, Wei-Xin, et al.
(författare)
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X-ray reciprocal space mapping studies of strain relaxation in thin SiGe layers (=100 nm) using a low temperature growth step
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - 0022-0248 .- 1873-5002. ; 227-228, s. 756-760
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Relaxation of thin SiGe layers (~90 nm) grown by molecular beam epitaxy using a low temperature growth step (120-200°C) has been investigated using two-dimensional reciprocal space mapping of X-ray diffraction. The samples studied have been divided in two groups, depending on the substrate cooling process during the growth of the low temperature layer. It has been found that a higher degree of relaxation was easily achieved for the sample group without growth interruption. A process window for full relaxation of the Si0.74Ge0.26 layer has been observed in the range of 140-150°C. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Stöger, M., et al.
(författare)
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Separation of pure elemental and oxygen influenced signal in ELNES
- 2002
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Ingår i: Ultramicroscopy. - 0304-3991 .- 1879-2723. ; 92:3-4, s. 285-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) of many elements is strongly influenced by the presence of oxygen or other elements at surfaces, grain boundaries, or in the bulk material. The presented investigation deals mainly with the influence of oxygen at the surface. A method for the separation of both, the pure bulk signal and the oxidized surface signal, was evaluated and tested on Al, Cu, Mg, and Si. A comparison of experimental data with ab initio bandstructure calculations and other proofs of the accuracy of ELNES separation are presented. Influences of error propagations were tested and are exemplarily given for Al and Si.
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| 20. |
- Wang, Hsei-Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-induced cellular reprogramming contributes to the lymphatic endothelial gene expression in Kaposi sarcoma.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 36:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The biology of Kaposi sarcoma is poorly understood because the dominant cell type in Kaposi sarcoma lesions is not known. We show by gene expression microarrays that neoplastic cells of Kaposi sarcoma are closely related to lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and that Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) infects both LECs and blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs) in vitro. The gene expression microarray profiles of infected LECs and BECs show that KSHV induces transcriptional reprogramming of both cell types. The lymphangiogenic molecules VEGF-D and angiopoietin-2 were elevated in the plasma of individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and Kaposi sarcoma. These data show that the gene expression profile of Kaposi sarcoma resembles that of LECs, that KSHV induces a transcriptional drift in both LECs and BECs and that lymphangiogenic molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma.
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| 23. |
- Wei, Tzu-Chieh, et al.
(författare)
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Connections between relative entropy of entanglement and geometric measure of entanglement
- 2004
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Ingår i: Quantum information & computation. - 1533-7146. ; 4, s. 252-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As two of the most important entanglement measures--the entanglement of formation and the entanglement of distillation--have so far been limited to bipartite settings, the study of other entanglement measures for multipartite systems appears necessary. Here, connections between two other entanglement measures--the relative entropy of entanglement and the geometric measure of entanglement--are investigated. It is found that for arbitrary pure states the latter gives rise to a lower bound on the former. For certain pure states, some bipartite and some multipartite, this lower bound is saturated, and thus their relative entropy of entanglement can be found analytically in terms of their known geometric measure of entanglement. For certain mixed states, upper bounds on the relative entropy of entanglement are also established. Numerical evidence strongly suggests that these upper bounds are tight, i.e., they are actually the relative entropy of entanglement.
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| 24. |
- Wei, Tzu-Chieh, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying multipartite entanglement
- 2004
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Ingår i: Quantum communication, meaurement and computing. - : AIP. - 0735402167 ; , s. 241-244
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A natural way of quantifying the degree of entanglement for a pure quantum state is to compare how far this state is from the set of all unentangled pure states. This geometric measure of entanglement is explored for bipartite and multipartite pure and mixed states. It is determined analytically for arbitrary two-qubit mixed states and for generalized Werner and isotropic states. It is also applied to certain multipartite mixed states. including two multipartite bound entangeled states discovered by Smolin and Dur. Moreover, the geometric measure of entanglement is applied to the ground state of the Ising model in a transverse magnetic field. From this model the entanglement is shown to exhibit singular behavior at the quantum critical point.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Willander, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Optical properties of InAs quantum dots
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica. A. - : Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw. - 0587-4246 .- 1898-794X. ; 102:4-5, s. 567-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- InAs quantum dots grown on GaAs substrate were investigated by optical spectroscopy. We particularly emphasized on the photoluminescence intensity, the stability of the photoluminescence intensity versus temperatures and wavelength of the InAs dot emission at various thermal treatments and different structures. We found that hydrogen can strongly passivate nonradiative centers without causing any structure degradation, and both n- and p-type modulation doping can reduce the decrease in the photoluminescence intensity when the sample temperature increases from the helium temperature to room temperature. The emission wavelength and the efficiency of the InAs quantum dots can also be manipulated by choosing proper materials of cap layer.
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| 27. |
- Zhao, QX, et al.
(författare)
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Nonradiative centers in InAs dots grown on GaAs substrates for 1.3 mu m emission
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physics Letters A. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0375-9601 .- 1873-2429. ; 315:02-Jan, s. 150-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonradiative centers in InAs dots grown on GaAs substrates are investigated in this study. The emission from InAs dots close to 1.3 mum is monitored under different excitation densities and different excitation energy. The used samples were also treated by hydrogen plasma in order to suppress the nonradiative centers. The purpose of this work is to study how nonradiative centers influence the efficiency of InAs dots emission and whether the nonradiative centers can be reduced. Our results clearly illustrate that there indeed exist nonradiative centers, both at the interface between the InAs dots and surrounding layers and in the GaAs layers, which can be suppressed by H-treatments. A technique to estimate relative amount of nonradiative centers is also discussed.
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| 28. |
- Zhao, QX, et al.
(författare)
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Strong enhancement of the photoluminescence-efficiency from InAs quantum dots
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : American Institute of Physics. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 93:3, s. 1533-1536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- InAs quantum dots (QDs) have been investigated using optical spectroscopy, in order to understand the experimental observation of strong enhancement of their photoluminescence efficiency. When a tunneling barrier is introduced between the, InAs layer and the GaAs cap layer, the intensity of the InAs QD emission increases by more than an order of magnitude at the excitation density of 60 W/cm(2). The enhancement of the optical recombination efficiency is due to the suppression of the nonradiative transitions in the wetting layer. The strong enhancement of the InAs emission can lead to an increase in the optical gain of the InAs laser structure
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