| 1. |
- Liberg, Benny, et al.
(författare)
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Motor imagery in bipolar depression with slowed movement.
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Journal of nervous and mental disease. - 1539-736X. ; 201:10, s. 885-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We hypothesized that motor retardation in bipolar depression is mediated by disruption of the pre-executive stages of motor production. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neural activity during motor imagery and motor execution to elucidate whether brain regions that mediate planning, preparation, and control of movement are activated differently in subjects with bipolar depression (n = 9) compared with healthy controls (n = 12). We found significant between-group differences. During motor imagery, the patients activated the posterior medial parietal cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, the premotor cortex, the prefrontal cortex, and the frontal poles more than the controls did. Activation in the brain areas involved in motor selection, planning, and preparation was altered. In addition, limbic and prefrontal regions associated with self-reference and the default mode network were altered during motor imagery in bipolar depression with motor retardation.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gezelius, Christina M. E., et al.
(författare)
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Relation between increasing attachment security and weight gain : a clinical study of adolescents and their parents at an outpatient ward
- 2023
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Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer Nature. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 28:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: We wanted to evaluate the impact of a relational focus in the treatment of adolescent ED-patients and their parents at an intensive outpatient ward, based on attachment theory, combined with a family approach and psychodynamic principles. Our aim was to investigate the distribution of different attachment styles among the adolescent ED-patients and their parents, and to find out if they could change by the treatment.Methods: Swedish adolescents (n = 33; 3 boys, 30 girls) and their parents (n = 60; 34 mothers, 26 fathers) participated. Measures: Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) before and after treatment.Results: The adolescents were high on Need for Approval (ASQ4) of the Insecure/Anxious scale before treatment (in contrast to the parents). The patients had a significant decrease in ASQ4 after treatment, which correlated inversely to the increase in BMI but not to CGAS. The mothers showed features of the Secure/Confident style, fathers of the Insecure/Avoidant with elevated Relationships as Secondary (ASQ2).Conclusions: Treatment with a relational and a family focus has impact on attachment insecurity in adolescent ED-patients and outcomes in terms of BMI. It is important to engage the parents, who need to help the adolescents to separate at that developmental stage. A secure therapeutic context, which enables mentalizations and allows new relational experiences, is essential. The ASQ-instrument is useful in indicating how the treatment of ED-adolescents is proceeding.
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| 4. |
- Modig, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Homogenization-induced degradation of hydrophobically modified starch determined by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation and multi-angle light scattering
- 2006
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Ingår i: Food Hydrocolloids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0268-005X. ; 20:7, s. 1087-1095
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-pressure homogenization of modified starches is a type of treatment used within the food and pharmaceutical industry for the production of emulsions. Such intense mechanical treatment may, however, influence the size and size distribution of the starch polymer, which may affect the properties of the emulsions. In this work, asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFIFFF) connected on-line to a multi-angle light scattering detector (MALS) was used to study the influence of high-pressure homogenization upon molar mass and root-mean-square (r.m.s.) radius of three different octenyl succinate anhydride (OSA) starch samples originating from potato. The homogenization at constant pressure resulted in a significant decrease of both molar mass and r.m.s. radius. The magnitude of the change in molar mass and r.m.s. radius could be correlated to the initial size of the OSA starch and the energy dissipation rate of the homogenization treatment.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Competitive adsorption of a polydisperse polymer during emulsification: Experiments and modeling
- 2007
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 23:5, s. 2346-2351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we study the selective adsorption of a high molar mass polymer, OSA-starch, at the cyclohexane/water interface during emulsification. This was made possible through the use of AsFlFFF-MALS-RI which enables us to characterize the size and molar mass of polydisperse ultrahigh molar mass polymers. The results show that the high molar mass components in the molar mass distribution of the polymer were selectively adsorbed. The selective adsorption is most likely due to convective mass transport in the turbulent flow fields, during formation of the emulsion, which favors transport to the interface of the high molar mass polymers in the sample. The rapid adsorption that occurs during emulsification is likely to give rise to nonequilibrium effects and jamming at the interface. Furthermore, we describe the adsorption process and illustrate its selective nature through a turbulent flow collision model.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical degradation and changes in conformation of hydrophobically modified starch
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1526-4602 .- 1525-7797. ; 7:9, s. 2671-2679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we study the mechanical degradation and changes in conformation of a branched ultrahigh molar mass biomacromolecule, hydrophobically modified starch, as caused by high-pressure homogenization. The characterization was performed with asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF) with multiangle light scattering (MALS) and refractive index detection. The starch which had been chemically modified with octenyl succinate anhydride (OSA) proved to be very large and polydisperse. Upon high-pressure homogenization, the molar mass and rms radius (r(rms)) decreased, and the extent of these changes was related to the turbulent flow conditions during homogenization. The treatment also induced an increase and scaling with size in the apparent density of the macromolecules. To further study the changes in conformation, it was necessary to calculate the hydrodynamic radii (r(h)). This can be determined numerically from the elution times in the analysis and the flow conditions in the AsFlFFF channel. The results showed that the treatment can cause a dramatic decrease in the quotient between r(rms) and r(h), suggesting major conformational changes. These results together could be interpreted as degradation and "crumpling" of the macromolecule, which would give a decrease in rrms and an increase in apparent density, together with a "fraying" of more outer parts of the macromolecule, which could give rise to the increase in r(h).
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Rojas, Carola, et al.
(författare)
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Macromolecular geometries determined with field-flow fractionation and their impact on the overlap concentration.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1526-4602 .- 1525-7797. ; 9:6, s. 1684-1690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we aim to understand the size/conformation relationship in waxy barley starch, a polydisperse and ultrahigh molar mass biomacromolecule. Characterizations are performed with asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF). Furthermore, we study the effect of homogenization on the molar mass, rms radius (r rms) and hydrodynamic radius (r h). For the untreated sample, the macromolecules are elongated objects with low apparent density. As a result of homogenization, molar mass, and r rms decrease, while r h remains unaffected. The process also induces an increase, and scaling with size, of apparent density as well as changes in conformation, represented qualitatively by r rms/ r h. Finally, results from AsFlFFF are compared with viscosimetry and discussed in terms of concentration and close-packing in relation to macromolecular shape and conformation. Hence, the results show that AsFlFFF and our novel methodology enable the determination of several physical properties with high relevance for the solution behavior of polydisperse macromolecules.
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| 10. |
- Tornberg, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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A new type of boundary treatment for wave propagation
- 2006
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Ingår i: BIT Numerical Mathematics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0006-3835 .- 1572-9125. ; 46, s. S145-S170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerical approximation of wave propagation can be done very efficiently on uniform grids. The Yee scheme is a good example. A serious problem with uniform grids is the approximation of boundary conditions at a boundary not aligned with the grid. In this paper, boundary conditions are introduced by modifying appropriate material coefficients at a few grid points close to the embedded boundary. This procedure is applied to the Yee scheme and the resulting method is proven to be L2-stable in one space dimension. Depending on the boundary approximation technique it is of first or second order accuracy even if the boundary is located at an arbitrary point relative to the grid. This boundary treatment is applied also to a higher order discretization resulting in a third order accurate method. All algorithms have the same staggered grid structure in the interior as well as across the boundaries for efficiency. A numerical example with the extension to two space dimensions is included.
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| 11. |
- Wahlund, Björn
(författare)
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Affective disorders : multivariate investigations of clinical and biological variables
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is a methodological and clinical investigation of patients with affective disorders. The goal of the study was to determine the extent to which biological and clinical measures may cluster clinical subpopulations. Analytical and statistical procedures were applied for this purpose. Abnormalities in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis have been Found in about 50 % of the depressed patients in the acute phase using the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). To further test HPA-axis disturbances in depression, the release of adrenal corticotropin (ACTH) after administration of corticotropin- releasing hormone (CRH) was studied in 24 depressed patients, in relation to the DST. After CRH-stimulation significantly lower cortisol and ACTH levels were found for DST-non-suppressers compared to DST-suppessers. In a sample of 28 depressed patients, over a 15-year observation period, different statistical and clinical clusters were identified. Examination of 45 variables, tested using Principle Component Analysis (PCA), revealed that the three biological variables; platelet monoamine oxidase activity (MAO), peak nocturnal serum melatonin and maximum post dexamethasone cortisol, and the two clinically psychomotor symptoms; Reduced speech and Slowness of movements, contributed most to the clustering of individuals. The patients were clinically distributed with high scores of agitation in the extreme of one direction and with high scores of retardation in the opposite direction. By using the combined clinical and biological variables a diagnostic subcategory with latent bipolar disorder was identified. Two clusters of unipolar patients, one with low melatonin and low psychomotor retardation scores, and one with high melatonin and high psychomotor retardation scores were found. The identification of the individuals with latent bipolar disorder may have potential therapeutic value since bipolar patients should be taken care of by a specialist in psychiatry, should avoid tricyclic antidepressant therapy, and may be candidates for lithium treatment. The confounding effect of including latent bipolar patients in investigations on depression is inherent in all studies where presumably unipolar patients are selected during the first couple of depressive episodes. In the present study the clustering of more homogenous subgroups of unipolar patients have been possible, because the bipolar patients have been identified and statistically analysed as a separate subpopulation. Replication studies are called for to refute, or verify, the reported findings of the three subgroups of patients with affective disorders, in particular a population with latent bipolar illness.
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| 12. |
- Wahlund, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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EEG data, fractal dimension and multivariate statistics
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Computer Science and Engineering. - 2043-9091. ; 3:1, s. 10-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to discuss the concept of Inverse Problem, i.e. how to obtain information via data about a complex mathematical model. We propose that by merging ideas from applied mathematics with ideas from multivariate statistical inference it is possible to find solutions or good approximation of many complex scientific problems.
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| 13. |
- Westerlind, Björn, 1961-
(författare)
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Geriatric Aspects of Frail Nursing Home Residents : A Swedish cohort study
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The number and proportion of older people are increasing in Sweden as well as throughout the western world. Older people with increasing assistance needs that can no longer be met in their own home need institutional long-term care in nursing homes. A successive reduction of nursing home beds in combination with a future demographic development with a rapidly increasing number of older people will lead to higher demands on future medical care in nursing homes. Consequently, increased knowledge about the medical needs of nursing home residents is of great value.Objectives: This thesis explores some important geriatric aspects of frail nursing home residents. The specific aims was to characterise the population of nursing home residents, to explore the prevalence of anaemia, paying particular attention to risk factors and mortality, to investigate associations between falls and use of possible fall risk drug classes and to estimate the prevalence of diagnostic failure of cognitive impairment and to investigate whether diagnostic failure was associated with impaired medical care.Methods: All data originate from SHADES (the Study of Health and Drugs in Elderly nursing home residents in Sweden), a prospective cohort study that included nursing home residents at 12 nursing homes situated in three municipalities in southern Sweden between 2008 and 2011. The subjects were followed every six months with data collection from medical records concerning medications, diagnoses, hospital referrals and mortality, examinations including blood sample analyses, assessments with validated rating scales for cognitive evaluation, depression, risk of pressure ulcers, malnutrition or falls, and the need for care was rated through a questionnaire.Results: SHADES included a total of 428 subjects with a mean age of 85 years, of whom 71% were women. They demonstrated comorbidity with a mean of three registered medical diagnoses, and polypharmacy with a mean of seven regularly used drugs. More than half of the sample (60%) were at risk of malnutrition and one third were at risk of developing pressure ulcers. A set of single items from the performed risk assessments was found to be important in understanding frailty and need for care. One third of the women and half of the men had anaemia. For the men, anaemia was associated with significantly higher mortality. Haemoglobin decline was also associated with higher mortality. Almost everyone (93%) had an increased fall risk and 62% had fallen during the last year. There was an association between falls during the last year and regular use of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. In the older age group there was also an association between these drugs and serious falls the next 6 months. Dementia was previously diagnosed in 42%. However, among subjects without a dementia diagnosis, 72% were cognitively impaired (Mini Mental State Examination <24). These subjects were significantly older, did not get anti-dementia treatment and had higher levels of brain natriuretic peptide compared to the diagnosed dementia group, possibly indicating heart failure. Their risks of malnutrition and pressure ulcers were similar to the dementia group.Conclusions: Nursing home residents are generally frail. Anaemia is associated with higher mortality among men. The fall risk is generally high and use of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics is associated with a higher occurrence of falls. Cognitive impairment is undiagnosed in half of the cases and may indicate underlying heart failure. Consequently, regular medical follow-ups in this population are proposed to include blood count, drug review, and cognitive evaluation. In the case of cognitive impairment, exclusion of underlying disease such as heart failure should be considered.
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