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- Gowers, SG, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment aims and philosophy in the treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa in Europe
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Eating Disorders Review. - : Wiley. - 1072-4133. ; 10:4, s. 271-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes the range of service provision and explores differences in treatment approaches and therapeutic aims, in the 12 countries participating in the European Union collaborative COST B6 Adolescent Project into the treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN). Following a number of group meetings, two questionnaires were administered, completed and returned by e-mail. The first questionnaire examined features of the services provided, including details of the numbers of patients seen, inpatient admission criteria and aspects of patient management. The second questionnaire contained a list Of 13 therapeutic aims, asking respondents to rank in order the six they considered most important in the first weeks of treatment. There was broad agreement between services concerning the need to offer a full spectrum of services in a range of settings. Nevertheless, there were significant differences in approaches, chiefly concerning the readiness to admit to hospital, the use of (individual or family) day units and the focus on weight restoration as opposed to therapeutic engagement. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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| 6. |
- Hellgren, A-C, et al.
(författare)
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New techniques for determining the extent of crosslinking in coatings
- 2001
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Ingår i: Progress in organic coatings. - 0300-9440 .- 1873-331X. ; 43, s. 85-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crosslinking reactions in latex and alkyd systems offer an attractive way to achieve film formation at low temperatures while also achieving a final hard coating. There is a strong need for techniques to characterise the extent of crosslinking as a function of time and depth in this type of coating. Here magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (using a magnet specifically designed for coatings) and a quartz crystal microbalance with energy dissipation are both used as non-invasive techniques for this purpose. The crosslinking in alkyd films containing a cobalt drier is found to be non-uniform with depth. In a latex, crosslinking depth profiles are likewise non-uniform, most likely as a result of oxygen inhibition of the initiator
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- Jirasek, A., et al.
(författare)
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Computational study of the high-lift a-airfoil
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Aircraft. - : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). - 0021-8669 .- 1533-3868. ; 38:4, s. 769-772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Kern, M A, et al.
(författare)
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis : Evidence for intact hepatocyte growth factor/MET signalling axis
- 2001
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Ingår i: Cytokine. - : W B SAUNDERS CO. - 1043-4666 .- 1096-0023. ; 15:6, s. 315-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a secreted cytokine which is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) together with its specific receptor MET. Since HGF exerts strong neurotrophic activity including motoneurons, we have further analysed whether the HGF/MET axis is defective in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Intrathecal HGF-secretion was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in controls without neurological diseases using a specific sandwich immunoassay (ELISA). MET-expression was analysed by immunohistology in spinal cord cross-sections of ALS patients and unaffected controls. The HGF concentrations in CSF were moderately but significantly increased in ALS patients compared to healthy controls (580 pg/ml vs 348 pg/ml). MET-protein was detectable in spinal cord motoneurons of patients with ALS as well as unaffected controls. The data demonstrate that ALS does not show a lack of the trophic signalling axis, HGF/MET, suggesting that the signalling system itself is not affected. The moderate increase in HGF-secretion may represent a compensatory effect.
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- Modig, C, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of cold-adapted beta-tubulins confer cold-tolerance to human cellular microtubules.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Biochemical and biophysical research communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X. ; 269:3, s. 787-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isolated microtubule proteins from the cold-adapted fish, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), assemble at temperatures between 8 and 30 degrees C, while avian and mammalian microtubules normally do not assemble at temperatures below 20 degrees C. Tubulin, the main component in microtubules, is expressed as many isotypes. Microtubules with different isotype composition have been shown to have different dynamic properties in vitro. Our hypothesis was that cold-tolerance of microtubules is caused by tubulin isotypes that differ in the primary sequence compared to mammalian tubulins. Here we show that transfection of human HepG2 cells with cod beta-tubulin induced cold-adaptation of the endogenous microtubules. Incorporation of one single tubulin isotype can induce cold-tolerance to cold-intolerant microtubules. Three cod beta-tubulin isotypes were tested and two of these (beta1 and beta2) transferred cold-tolerance to HepG2 microtubules, thus not all cod beta-tubulins were able to confer cold-stability.
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- Sjogren, M, et al.
(författare)
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CSF levels of tau, beta-amyloid(1-42) and GAP-43 in frontotemporal dementia, other types of dementia and normal aging
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Neural Transmission. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 107:5, s. 563-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of tau, beta-amyloid(1-42) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) were studied in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n = 17), Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 60), subcortical white-matter dementia (SWD; n = 24), Parkinson's disease (PD; n = 23) and dysthymia (n = 19) and in age-matched controls (n = 32). CSF-tau was significantly increased only in AD, and CSF-beta-amyloid(1-42) was significantly decreased in AD and SWD as compared to controls, and in AD compared to FTD. CSF-GAP-43 was significantly decreased only in PD. The GAP-43/tau ratio was decreased in all the patient groups except the dysthymia group compared to controls. A positive correlation was found between CSF-GAP-43 and CSF-tau in all groups. The results suggest normal levels of CSF-tau and CSF-beta-amyloid(1-42) in FTD, which will aid in the clinical separation of FTD from AD. In SWD, decreased levels of CSF-beta-amyloid(1-42) suggest concomitant involvement of vascular and amyloid protein mechanisms.
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| 18. |
- Sjogren, M, et al.
(författare)
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Cytoskeleton proteins in CSF distinguish frontotemporal dementia from AD
- 2000
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Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 54:10, s. 1960-1964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: To investigate the CSF levels of tau and the light neurofilament protein (NFL) in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and other common dementia disorders as well as normal control subjects. Both proteins have been implicated in the pathophysiology of FTD. METHODS: CSF levels of tau and NFL were investigated in 18 patients with FTD, 21 patients with early-onset AD (EAD), 21 patients with late-onset AD (LAD), and 18 age-matched control subjects. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD CSF NFL levels were increased in patients with FTD (1442 +/- 1183 pg/mL; p < 0.05) and LAD (1006 +/- 727 pg/mL; p < 0.001) compared with control subjects (241 +/- 166 pg/mL) and in LAD compared with EAD (498 +/- 236 pg/mL; p < 0.05), and tended to be increased in FTD compared with EAD. CSF tau levels were increased in EAD (751 +/- 394 pg/mL; p < 0.01) and LAD (699 +/- 319 pg/mL; p < 0.01) compared with control subjects (375 +/- 170 pg/mL), and in EAD (p < 0.001) and LAD (p < 0. 01) compared with FTD (354 +/- 140 pg/mL). CSF NFL correlated positively with degree of cognitive impairment in FTD (r = 0.59; p < 0.05) and LAD (r = 0.61; p < 0.01). No significant differences were found in CSF NFL or CSF tau when comparing patients who did and did not possess the APOE-epsilon4 allele within each diagnostic group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a differential involvement of these cytoskeleton proteins in FTD and EAD, with NFL primarily involved in the pathophysiology of FTD and tau in that of EAD. The increase in CSF NFL found in LAD might reflect the white-matter degeneration found in a proportion of LAD cases.
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| 19. |
- Sjogren, M., et al.
(författare)
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Decreased CSF-ß-amyloid 42 in Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may reflect mismetabolism of ß-amyloid induced by disparate mechanisms
- 2002
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 13:2, s. 112-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both tau and ß-amyloid 42 (Aß42) have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and tau alone in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These proteins can be measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), differences from normal CSF levels may reflect pathophysiological mechanisms. Using ELISAs, we investigated the levels of total CSF-tau (here referred to as tau), phosphorylated CSF-tau (phospho-tau), and Aß42 in patients with AD (n = 19), FTD (n = 14), ALS (n = 11) and Parkinson's disease (PD, n = 15) and in age-matched controls (n = 17). Both CSF-tau and CSF-phosphotau were increased in AD compared with FTD (p < 0.001), ALS (p < 0.001), PD (p < 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001). CSF-Aß42 was markedly decreased in AD and ALS (both p < 0.001) and slightly decreased in FTD (p < 0.01) and PD (p < 0.05) compared with controls. Using CSF-phosphotau may improve the differentiation of AD from FTD and ALS in clinical praxis. Furthermore, decreased CSF-Aß42 levels may be common in neurode-generative disorders possibly reflecting changes in the metabolism of ß-amyloid or axonal degeneration. Copyright © 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 23. |
- Vanderstichele, H, et al.
(författare)
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Standardization of measurement of beta-amyloid(1-42) in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma
- 2000
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Ingår i: Amyloid. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1350-6129 .- 1744-2818. ; 7:4, s. 245-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The standardization and clinical validation of the measurement of beta-amyloid(1-42) (Abeta42) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma and urine is described using a commercially available sandwich-type ELISA with 21F12 and 3D6 as monoclonal antibodies. The INNOTEST beta-amyloid(1-42) allows the specific and reliable measurement of(1-42) amyloid peptides in CSF and plasma. The Abeta42 concentrations in serum and urine were below the detection limit. In plasma, no differences were found in Abeta42 levels between controls and patients with different neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body disease (LBD), others). In contrast, CSF-Abeta42 concentrations were lower in AD and LBD patients as compared to controls. No correlation was found in AD patients between CSF and plasma concentrations of Abeta42 or between CSF Abeta42 levels and blood-brain-barrier function. The quantitative outcome of the test is in part dependent on confounding factors such as tube type, freeze/thaw cycles, temperature of incubation, standard preparation protocol, and antibody selection. Notwithstanding these aspects, it emerged that Abeta42 is a useful biochemical marker for the diagnosis of AD patients, but there is a need for an international Abeta standard, a universally accepted protocol for CSF preparation, and a thorough evaluation of assay performance in function of the boundary conditions.
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| 28. |
- Wikstrom, P. M., et al.
(författare)
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Derivation and investigation of a new explicit algebraic model for the passive scalar flux
- 2000
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Ingår i: Physics of fluids. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-6631 .- 1089-7666. ; 12:3, s. 688-702
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An algebraic relation for the scalar flux, in terms of mean flow quantities, is formed by applying an equilibrium condition in the transport equations for the normalized scalar flux. This modeling approach is analogous to explicit algebraic Reynolds stress modeling (EARSM) for the Reynolds stress anisotropies. The assumption of negligible advection and diffusion of the normalized passive scalar flux gives, in general, an implicit, nonlinear set of algebraic equations. A method to solve this implicit relation in a fully explicit form is proposed, where the nonlinearity in the scalar-production-to-dissipation ratio is considered and solved. The nonlinearity, in the algebraic equations for the normalized scalar fluxes, may be eliminated directly by using a nonlinear term in the model of the pressure scalar-gradient correlation and the destruction and thus results in a much simpler model for both two-and three-dimensional mean flows. The performance of the present model is investigated in three different flow situations. These are homogeneous shear flow with an imposed mean scalar gradient, turbulent channel flow, and the flow field downstream a heated cylinder. The direct numerical simulation (DNS) data are used to analyze the passive scalar flux in the homogeneous shear and channel flow cases and experimental data are used in the case of the heated cylinder wake. Sets of parameter values giving very good predictions in all three cases are found.
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