| 1. |
- Czarniawska, Barbara, 1948, et al.
(author)
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Organisering kring hot och risk
- 2007
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Hur hanteras blödarfeberviruset Marburg, hur förbereder man sig för ett eventuellt utbrott av fågelinfluensan, hur kalkylerar man hälsorisker i Europa och Sverige och hur hanterar man risk i samband med äventyrsturism? Vad har stormen Gudrun lärt oss om att hantera akuta situationer och hur skapar katastrofer som Tjörnbron handlingsföreträde i form av särskilda förutsättningar för organisering? Detta är några exempel på studier inkluderade i Organisering kring hot och risk. Boken tittar även närmare på hur man hanterar effekter av datorkriser, hur konst och vad betraktaren bedömer som hot kan bidra till skapande av handlingsnät samt hur tv-serien Kommissionen belyser det svenska beredningsarbetet. Författarna visar att karaktären av organisering kring hot och risk är beroende av tidpunkten: innan, under eller efter en katastrof eller en hotfull händelse. Beredningsarbetet består av resursmobilisering, att skissa planer, att bygga upp strukturer samt bygga eller mobilisera nätverk. När katastrofen väl inträffar visar det sig dock att även de bästa planer inte alltid fungerar som man vill och responsen på de faktiska händelserna består av improvisation samt av att bygga handlingskedjor och handlingsnät. Det finns inget recept på hur man skall organisera kring hot och risk men boken har identifierat ett återkommande problem: varje misslyckande verkar leda till slutsatsen att det behövs mer av planer och strukturer. Författarna hävdar motsatsen. Bokens budskap är att istället för att skapa oändliga planer och strukturer skall man öva lämpliga skickligheter och improvisationsförmåga. Boken vänder sig till studerande inom organisationsteori respektive riskhantering på universitet och högskola samt yrkesverksamma inom krisberedskap och riskhantering.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bergström, Ola, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Den nya arbetsmarknaden - Bemanningsbranschens etablering i Sverige
- 2007
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I den här boken beskrivs bemanningsbranschen etablering och utveckling i Sverige, hur utvecklingen skiljer sig mellan olika branscher och verksamheter och därmed också bemanningsföretagens karaktär och funktion. I boken behandlas också den större frågan om den svenska modellens utveckling och anpassning till en föränderlig värd och hur ett fenomen, som så tydligt utmålades som ett hot, så totalt kunde integreras i en klassisk svensk arbetsmarknadsmodell.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Falk, Sven, et al.
(author)
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Brain area-specific effect of TGF-beta signaling on Wnt-dependent neural stem cell expansion
- 2008
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In: Cell Stem Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 1934-5909. ; 2:5, s. 472-483
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Regulating the choice between neural stem cell maintenance versus differentiation determines growth and size of the developing brain. Here we identify TGF-beta signaling as a crucial factor controlling these processes. At early developmental stages, TGF-beta signal activity is localized close to the ventricular surface of the neuroepithelium. In the midbrain, but not in the forebrain, Tgfbr2 ablation results in ectopic expression of Wnt1/beta-catenin and FGF8, activation of Wnt target genes, and increased proliferation and horizontal expansion of neuroepithelial cells due to shortened cell-cycle length and decreased cell-cycle exit. Consistent with this phenotype, self-renewal of mutant neuroepithelial stem cells is enhanced in the presence of FGF and requires Wnt signaling. Moreover, TGF-beta signal activation counteracts Wnt-incluced proliferation of midbrain neuroepithelial cells. Thus, TGF-beta signaling controls the size of a specific brain area, the dorsal midbrain, by antagonizing canonical Wnt signaling and negatively regulating self-renewal of neuroepithelial stem cells.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Gyllenram, Walter, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Swirling Flow Through a Sudden Expansion
- 2006
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In: 23rd IAHR Symposium, Yokohama, Japan, October 2006.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Turbulent swirling flow through a sudden expansion is investigated numerically using Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The flow resembles the flow in a draft tube of a water turbine that is working at part load. The swirling inflow is subject to a strong adverse pressure gradient and the symmetry of the flow breaks down close to the inlet. This gives rise to an oscillating, helicoidal vortex core which in turn creates a highly unsteady and turbulent flow field. In this work, the large-scale turbulent structures are numerically resolved, and detailed information about the flow characteristics is obtained. The oscillating flow is analysed using Fourier transforms of the wall pressure at different downstream locations. The most dominant frequency corresponds to the rotational rate of the precessing vortex core, and it is found that this frequency is constant throughout the domain. The results of two simulations using numerical discretization schemes of different order are compared. It is shown that the frequency of the precessing vortex core is not sensitive to the choice of discretization. However, the lower frequencies of the flow depend to a higher extent on the numerical accuracy. To validate the results, the computed velocities are averaged and compared to experimental data. The agreement is good. The Reynolds stress tensor is also computed and analysed. It is found that large degrees of turbulent anisotropy are found only in the region that is dominated by the oscillating vortex core. Further downstream, the degree of turbulent anisotropy is almost negligible despite the relatively higher level of swirl.
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| 10. |
- Gyllenram, Walter, 1971, et al.
(author)
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On the failure of the quasicylindrical approximation and the connection to vortex breakdown in turbulent swirling flow
- 2007
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In: Physics of Fluids. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-6631 .- 1089-7666. ; 19:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper analyses the properties of viscous swirling flow in a pipe. The analysis is based on the time-averaged quasi-cylindrical Navier-Stokes equations and is applicable to steady, unsteady and turbulent swirling flow. A method is developed to determine the critical level of swirl (vortex breakdown) for an arbitrary vortex. The method can also be used for an estimation of the radial velocity profile if the other components are given or measured along a single radial line. The quasi-cylindrical equations are rearranged to yield a single ordinary differential equation for the radial distribution of the radial velocity component. The equation is singular for certain levels of swirl. It is shown that the lowest swirl level at which the equation is singular corresponds exactly to the sufficient condition for axisymmetric vortex breakdown as derived by Wang and Rusak [J. Fluid Mech. {340}, 177-223 (1997)] and Rusak et al. [AIAA J. {36}, 1848-1853 (1998)]. In narrow regions around the critical levels of swirl, the solution violates the quasi-cylindrical assumptions and the flow must undergo a drastic change of structure. The critical swirl level is determined by the sign change of the smallest eigenvalue of the discrete linear operator which relates the radial velocities to effects of viscosity and turbulence. It is shown that neither viscosity nor turbulence directly alters the critical level of swirl.
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| 11. |
- Ittner, Lars M, et al.
(author)
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Compound developmental eye disorders following inactivation of TGFbeta signaling in neural-crest stem cells
- 2005
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In: Journal of Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-4924. ; 4:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Development of the eye depends partly on the periocular mesenchyme derived from the neural crest (NC), but the fate of NC cells in mammalian eye development and the signals coordinating the formation of ocular structures are poorly understood. RESULTS: Here we reveal distinct NC contributions to both anterior and posterior mesenchymal eye structures and show that TGFbeta signaling in these cells is crucial for normal eye development. In the anterior eye, TGFbeta2 released from the lens is required for the expression of transcription factors Pitx2 and Foxc1 in the NC-derived cornea and in the chamber-angle structures of the eye that control intraocular pressure. TGFbeta enhances Foxc1 and induces Pitx2 expression in cell cultures. As in patients carrying mutations in PITX2 and FOXC1, TGFbeta signal inactivation in NC cells leads to ocular defects characteristic of the human disorder Axenfeld-Rieger's anomaly. In the posterior eye, NC cell-specific inactivation of TGFbeta signaling results in a condition reminiscent of the human disorder persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous. As a secondary effect, retinal patterning is also disturbed in mutant mice. CONCLUSION: In the developing eye the lens acts as a TGFbeta signaling center that controls the development of eye structures derived from the NC. Defective TGFbeta signal transduction interferes with NC-cell differentiation and survival anterior to the lens and with normal tissue morphogenesis and patterning posterior to the lens. The similarity to developmental eye disorders in humans suggests that defective TGFbeta signal modulation in ocular NC derivatives contributes to the pathophysiology of these diseases.
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| 12. |
- Karling, Pontus, et al.
(author)
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Function and dysfunction of the colon and anorectum in adults: working team report of the Swedish Motility Group (SMoG).
- 2009
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In: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 44:6, s. 646-60
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Symptoms of fecal incontinence and constipation are common in the general population. These can, however, be unreliably reported and are poorly discriminatory for underlying pathophysiology. Furthermore, both symptoms may coexist. In the elderly, fecal impaction always must be excluded. For patients with constipation, colon transit studies, anorectal manometry and defecography may help to identify patients with slow-transit constipation and/or pelvic floor dysfunction. The best documented medical treatments for constipation are the macrogols, lactulose and isphagula. Evolving drugs include lubiprostone, which enhances colonic secretion by activating chloride channels. Surgery is restricted for a highly selected group of patients with severe slow-transit constipation and for those with large rectoceles that demonstrably cause rectal evacuatory impairment. For patients with fecal incontinence that does not resolve on antidiarrheal treatment, functional and structural evaluation with anorectal manometry and endoanal ultrasound or magnetic resonance (MR) of the anal canal may help to guide management. Sacral nerve stimulation is a rapidly evolving alternative when other treatments such as biofeedback and direct sphincter repair have failed. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology as a guide to treatment of patients with constipation and fecal incontinence is a continuing important goal for translational research. The content of this article is a summary of presentations given by the authors at the Fourth Meeting of the Swedish Motility Group, held in Gothenburg in April 2007.
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| 13. |
- Kippler, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Influence of iron and zinc status on cadmium accumulation in Bangladeshi women
- 2007
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In: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-008X .- 1096-0333. ; 222:2, s. 221-226
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cadmium is a widespread environmental contaminant present in food. The absorption in the intestine increases in individuals with low iron stores, but the effect of zinc deficiency is not clear. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of iron and zinc status on cadmium accumulation in pregnant Bangladeshi women. We measured cadmium in urine from 890 women using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Further, we also measured ferritin and zinc in plasma. The median cadmium concentration in urine was 0.59 μg/L (adjusted to mean specific gravity of 1.012 g/mL). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that urinary cadmium was associated with plasma ferritin and plasma zinc via a significant interaction between dichotomized plasma ferritin and plasma zinc. The analysis was adjusted for age and socioeconomic status. Women with low iron stores and adequate zinc status had significantly higher urinary cadmium compared to women with both adequate iron stores and zinc status. There was no difference in urinary cadmium between women with both low iron stores and zinc status compared to those with both adequate iron stores and zinc status. In conclusion, low iron stores were associated with increased cadmium accumulation, but only at adequate zinc status.
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| 14. |
- Koene, B, et al.
(author)
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Institutional entrepreneurship: comparing Dutch and Swedish temporary work agencies
- 2007
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In: the EHBA conference in Geneva, 13-15 September 2007.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most studies of institutional entrepreneurship emphasize the influence of institutional entrepreneurs on processes of institutional change. Relatively little attention is paid to the interaction between the institutional entrepreneur and the institutional environment. Our aim is to fill this void by a comparative study of the institutional development of the Dutch and Swedish temporary work agency industries from the 1960s until the present, emphasizing the periods after their formal legalization in 1965 and 1991 respectively. The comparison shows the important influence of the different national contexts on the dynamics of institutionalization, the evolving industry identity and accountability. Our paper thus shows how the process of synchronizing of (international) industry experience with the (national) societal experience with the industry’s product is not a simple process of knowledge transfer and reflects the important interaction between institutional entrepreneurs and their environment.
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| 15. |
- Lassen, Michael R, et al.
(author)
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Rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after total knee arthroplasty
- 2008
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In: The New England journal of medicine. - 0028-4793. ; 358:26, s. 86-2776
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We investigated the efficacy of rivaroxaban, an orally active direct factor Xa inhibitor, in preventing venous thrombosis after total knee arthroplasty.METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind trial, 2531 patients who were to undergo total knee arthroplasty received either oral rivaroxaban, 10 mg once daily, beginning 6 to 8 hours after surgery, or subcutaneous enoxaparin, 40 mg once daily, beginning 12 hours before surgery. The primary efficacy outcome was the composite of any deep-vein thrombosis, nonfatal pulmonary embolism, or death from any cause within 13 to 17 days after surgery. Secondary efficacy outcomes included major venous thromboembolism (i.e., proximal deep-vein thrombosis, nonfatal pulmonary embolism, or death related to venous thromboembolism) and symptomatic venous thromboembolism. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding.RESULTS: The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 79 of 824 patients (9.6%) who received rivaroxaban and in 166 of 878 (18.9%) who received enoxaparin (absolute risk reduction, 9.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9 to 12.4; P<0.001). Major venous thromboembolism occurred in 9 of 908 patients (1.0%) given rivaroxaban and 24 of 925 (2.6%) given enoxaparin (absolute risk reduction, 1.6%; 95% CI, 0.4 to 2.8; P=0.01). Symptomatic events occurred less frequently with rivaroxaban than with enoxaparin (P=0.005). Major bleeding occurred in 0.6% of patients in the rivaroxaban group and 0.5% of patients in the enoxaparin group. The incidence of drug-related adverse events, mainly gastrointestinal, was 12.0% in the rivaroxaban group and 13.0% in the enoxaparin group.CONCLUSIONS: Rivaroxaban was superior to enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after total knee arthroplasty, with similar rates of bleeding. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00361894.)
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| 16. |
- Li, Li, et al.
(author)
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Nutritional status has marginal influence on the metabolism of inorganic arsenic in pregnant Bangladeshi women
- 2008
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In: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 116:3, s. 315-321
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The interindividual variation in metabolism of inorganic arsenic (iAs), involving methylation via one-carbon metabolism, has been well documented, but the reasons remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: In this population-based study we aimed to elucidate the effect of nutrition on As methylation among women in Matlab, Bangladesh, where people are chronically exposed to iAs via drinking water. METHODS: We studied effects of macronutrient status using body mass index (BMI) among 442 women in early pregnancy (gestational week 8), and effects of micronutrient status (plasma folate, vitamin B-12, zinc, ferritin, and selenium) among 753 women at gestational week 14. Arsenic metabolites in urine were measured by HPLC combined with hydride generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The median concentration of As in urine was 97 mu g/L (range, 5-1,216 mu g/L, adjusted by specific gravity). The average proportions of iAs, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid in urine in gestational week 8 were 15%, 11%, and 74%, respectively. Thus, the women had efficient As methylation in spite of being poorly nourished (one-third had BMIs < 18.5 kg/m(2)) and having elevated As exposure, both of which are known to decrease As methylation. The metabolism of iAs was only marginally influenced by micronutrient status, probably because women, especially in pregnancy and with low folate intake, have an efficient betaine-mediated remethylation of homocysteine, which is essential for an efficient As methylation. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the high As exposure and prevalent malnutrition, overall As methylation in women in early pregnancy was remarkably efficient. The As exposure level had the greatest impact on As methylation among the studied factors.
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| 19. |
- Neidhardt, J., et al.
(author)
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Transmission electron microscopy studies and simulation of the indentation response of superelastic fullerenelike carbon nitride thin films
- 2008
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In: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 103:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The highly elastic behavior of fullerenelike carbon nitride thin films on single crystal Si (001) substrates has been studied by nanoindentation. The films exhibit a microstructure of frequently bent and intersecting graphene sheets. Transmission electron microscopy of indented areas revealed no tendency to plastic deformation in the highly elastic and compliant film. Also, a unique deformation pattern in the Si substrate is observed, where a {111} facetted inverted pyramid of untransformed Si remained intact under the indenter with a retained CNx /Si (001) interface. Analytical approaches using the effective indenter method, supported by finite element methods, are employed to understand the nonlinear but fully elastic behavior of the coatings as well as to describe the critical parameters for the deformation and phase transformation of the Si substrate. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.
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| 20. |
- Nilsson, Lars-Erik, et al.
(author)
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High-speed switching in fibres with electrodes
- 2007
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In: ICTON 2007. - 1424412498 ; , s. 232-233
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fibres with holes are provided with metal electrodes that fill the entire cross-section of the holes. Refractive index change and birefringence result from applying high current pulses for time intervals in the nanosecond range. High-speed polarization rotation and fibre Bragg grating wavelength tuning can be accomplished. Such electrically driven components are totally spliced with low insertion loss. They have no moving parts, are < 10 cm long and can be used in fibre laser cavities for Q-switching.
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| 21. |
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| 24. |
- Walter, Lars, 1965
(author)
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Domesticating an industry
- 2008
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In: paper presented at a conference on International developments in management and organization of temporary agency work Issues, questions and debates, Erasmus University, Netherlands, 2008.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 25. |
- Walter, Lars, 1965
(author)
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Inhyrd omsorg
- 2009
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In: Mellan offentligt och privat. - Stockholm : Santreus Academic Press. - 9789173350150 ; , s. 75-86
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Walter, Lars, 1965
(author)
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Som hand i handske - En studie av matchning i ett persnaluthyrningsföretag : Fitting Like a Glove - On Matching in a Temporary Work Agency
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The history of the Swedish temporary work industry is rife with political controversies and debates over its advantages and disadvantages for workers, employers, and the labour market in general especially its expected effects and consequences for the labour market. Setting the motives or effects attributed to temporary work agencies aside, it may be observed that the industry experienced strong growth and became more established on the Swedish labour market since the deregulation of 1993. Each day workers are being matched with new employers and placed on new assignments. However, there are few studies of how this matching of workers and employers proceeds. The agencies often emphasise the importance of professionalism and their ability to match workers and employers, but the activities that constitute everyday practice are hidden or taken for granted. The study examined such matching practices in one of the large temporary work agencies in Sweden between March 2002 and March 2003. An ethnographically inspired fieldwork was conducted at the company during two to three days per week. Three different fieldwork techniques were used: direct observation, personal interviews, and the analysis of documents. The study shows how the recruitment and sales activities of such an agency contribute to a construction of matching objects. Through a series of activities, such objects are brought closer and closer together, and are finally calibrated in order to be connected. The analysis reveals the central of the classification system, which contributes to the construction of objects to match and forms the matching space that allows for calibration of the objects of matching. The character of matching activities provides the temporary work agency with a multidimensional function on the labour market. The role of the agency varies, depending on the outcome of the matching activities. Furthermore, the way in which the temporary work agency connects workers and clients through the classification system may have wider repercussions for the ways in which candidates describe themselves, and the ways in which clients describe their vacancies and assignments. Thus, the matching that occurs in temporary work agencies differs from other types of matching in the labour market, such as that which occurs through public employment services or the recruitment that occurs in client organisations.
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| 29. |
- Walter, Lars, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Temporary Care
- 2005
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In: the 18th Scandinavian Academy of Management Meeting: Aarhus, 18th–20th August.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Walter, Susanna A., et al.
(author)
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Pre-experimental stress in patients with irritable bowel syndrome : high cortisol values already before symptom provocation with rectal distensions
- 2006
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In: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 18:12, s. 1069-1077
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stress is known to affect symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) probably by an alteration of visceral sensitivity. We studied the impact of maximal tolerable rectal distensions on cortisol levels in patients with IBS, chronic constipation and controls, and evaluated the effect of the experimental situation per se. In twenty-four IBS patients, eight patients with chronic constipation and 15 controls salivary cortisol was measured before and after repetitive maximal tolerable rectal balloon distensions and at similar times in their usual environment. Rectal sensitivity thresholds were determined. IBS patients but not controls and constipation patients had higher cortisol levels both before and after the experiment compared with similar times on an ordinary day in their usual environment (P = 0.0034 and 0.0002). There was no difference in salivary cortisol level before compared with after rectal distensions. The IBS patients had significantly lower thresholds for first sensation, urge and maximal tolerable distension than controls (P = 0.0247, 0.0001 and <0.0001) and for urge and maximal tolerable distension than patients with constipation (P = 0.006 and 0.013). IBS patients may be more sensitive to expectancy stress than controls and patients with constipation according to salivary cortisol. Rectal distensions were not associated with a further significant increase in cortisol levels.
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| 33. |
- Walter, Susanna A., et al.
(author)
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Sympathetic (electrodermal) activity during repeated maximal rectal distensions in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and constipation
- 2008
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In: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 20:1, s. 43-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with visceral hypersensitivity, stress and autonomic dysfunction. Sympathetic activity during repeated events indicates excitatory or inhibitory mechanisms such as sensitization or habituation. We investigated skin conductance (SC) during repetitive rectal distensions at maximal tolerable pressure in patients with IBS and chronic constipation. Twenty-seven IBS patients, 13 constipation patients and 18 controls underwent two sets of isobaric rectal distensions. First, maximal tolerable distension was determined and then it was repeated five times. Skin conductance was measured continuously. Subjective symptom assessment remained steady in all groups. The baseline values of SC were higher in IBS patients than in patients with constipation and significantly lower in constipation patients than in controls. The maximal SC response to repetitive maximal distensions was higher in IBS patients compared with constipation patients. The amplitude of the initial SC response decreased successively with increased number of distensions in patients with IBS and constipation but not in controls. Irritable bowel syndrome and constipation patients habituated to maximal repetitive rectal distensions with decreasing sympathetic activity. Irritable bowel syndrome patients had higher sympathetic reactivity and baseline activity than constipation patients. A lower basal SC in constipation patients compared with controls suggests an inhibition of the sympathetic drive in constipation patients.
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