| 1. |
- Dunham, I, et al.
(författare)
-
The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 402:6761, s. 489-495
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 2. |
- Stenman, U H, et al.
(författare)
-
Summary report of the TD-3 workshop: characterization of 83 antibodies against prostate-specific antigen
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Tumor Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1423-0380 .- 1010-4283. ; 20:Suppl. 1, s. 1-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twelve research groups participated in the ISOBM TD-3 Workshop in which the reactivity and specificity of 83 antibodies against prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were investigated. Using a variety of techniques including cross-inhibition assays, Western blotting, BIAcore, immunoradiometric assays and immunohistochemistry, the antibodies were categorized into six major groups which formed the basis for mapping onto two- and three-dimensional (2-D and 3-D) models of PSA. The overall findings of the TD-3 Workshop are summarized in this report. In agreement with all participating groups, three main antigenic domains were identified: free PSA-specific epitopes located in or close to amino acids 86-91; discontinuous epitopes specific for PSA without human kallikrein (hK2) cross-reactivity located at or close to amino acids 158-163; and continuous or linear epitopes shared between PSA and hK2 located close to amino acids 3-11. In addition, several minor and partly overlapping domains were also identified. Clearly, the characterization of antibodies from this workshop and the location of their epitopes on the 3-D model of PSA illustrate the importance of selecting appropriate antibody pairs for use in immunoassays. It is hoped that these findings and the epitope nomenclature described in this TD-3 Workshop are used as a standard for future evaluation of anti-PSA antibodies.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Baldsiefen, G, et al.
(författare)
-
Shears bands in Pb-193
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 54:3, s. 1106-1116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four bands of enhanced dipole transitions, with weak crossovers, have been observed in Pb-195. Three of these bands are connected to the spherical levels. in addition, the spherical level scheme has been extended. The nuclear spectroscopy was done with the early implementation of GAMMASPHERE and HERA arrays of Get detectors. The nucleus Pb-193 was populated in the Yb-174(Mg-24,5n) reaction at beam energies of 129, 131, and 134 MeV. The experimental results are compared to tilted-axis cranking calculations. The systematical behavior of the dipole bands in the heavier odd-A Pb isotopes, Pb-195,Pb-197,Pb-199,Pb-201, is also discussed.
|
|
| 5. |
- Wang, J. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Low damage, highly anisotropic dry etching of SiC
- 1998
-
Ingår i: High Temperature Electronics Conference, 1998. HITEC. 1998 Fourth International. ; , s. 10-14
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A parametric study of the etching characteristics of 6H p+ and n+ SiC and thin film SiC0.5N0.5 in Inductively Coupled Plasma NF3/O2 and NF 3/Ar discharges has been performed. The etch rates in both chemistries increase monotonically with NF3 percentage and rf chuck power. The etch rates go through a maximum with increasing ICP source power, which is explained by a trade-off between the increasing ion flux and the decreasing ion energy. The anisotropy of the etched features is also a function of ion flux, ion energy and atomic fluorine neutral concentration. Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) masks display relatively good etch selectivity over SiC (maximum of 70:1), while photoresist etches more rapidly than SiC. The surface roughness of SiC is essentially independent of plasma composition for NF3/O2 discharges, while extensive surface degradation occurs for SiCN under high NF3:O2 conditions
|
|
| 6. |
- Wang, J. J., et al.
(författare)
-
ICP etching of SiC
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Solid-State Electronics. - 0038-1101 .- 1879-2405. ; 42:12, s. 2283-2288
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of different plasma chemistries, including NF3/O2, SF6/O2, SF6/Ar, ICl, IBr, Cl2/ Ar, BCl3/Ar and CH4/H2/Ar, have been investigated for dry etching of 6H and 3C-SiC in an inductively coupled plasma tool. Rates above 2000 Å cm-1 are found with fluorine-based chemistries at high ion currents. Surprisingly, Cl2-based etching does not provide high rates, even though the potential etch products (SiCl4 and CCl4) are volatile. Photoresist masks have poor selectivity over SiC in F2-based plasmas under normal conditions, and ITO or Ni is preferred. © 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 7. |
- Wang, J. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Inductively coupled plasma etching of bulk 6H-SiC and thin-film SiCN in NF3 chemistries
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 16:4, s. 2204-2209
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A parametric study of the etching characteristics of 6H p+ and n+ SiC and thin-film SiC0.5N0.5 in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) NF3/O2 and NF3/Ar discharges has been performed. The etch rates in both chemistries increase monotonically with NF3 percentage and rf chuck power. The etch rates go through a maximum with increasing ICP source power, which is explained by a trade-off between the increasing ion flux and the decreasing ion energy. The anisotropy of the etched features is also a function of ion flux, ion energy and atomic fluorine neutral concentration. Indium-tin-oxide masks display relatively good etch selectivity over SiC (maximum of ∌70:1), while photoresist etches more rapidly than SiC. The surface roughness of SiC is essentially independent of plasma composition for NF3/O2 discharges, while extensive surface degradation occurs for SiCN under high NF3:O2 conditions. © 1998 American Vacuum Society.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- West, Jay B., et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison and evaluation of retrospective intermodality image registration techniques
- 1997
-
Ingår i: SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. ; , s. 332-347
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- All retrospective image registration methods have attached to them some intrinsic estimate of registration error. However, this estimate of accuracy may not always be a good indicator of the distance between actual and estimated positions of targets within the cranial cavity. This paper describes a project whose principal goal is to use a prospective method based on fiducial markers as a ’gold standard’ to perform an objective, blinded evaluation of the accuracy of several retrospective image-to-image registration techniques. Image volumes of three modalities – CT, MR, and PET – were taken of patients undergoing neurosurgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. These volumes had all traces of the fiducial markers removed, and were provided to project collaborators outside Vanderbilt, who then performed retrospective registrations on the volumes, calculating transformations from CT to MR and/or from PET to MR, and communicated their transformations to Vanderbilt where the accuracy of each registration was evaluated. In this evaluation the accuracy is measured at multiple ’regions of interest,’ i.e. areas in the brain which would commonly be areas of neurological interest. A region is defined in the MR image and its centroid C is determined. Then the prospective registration is used to obtain the corresponding point C’ in CT or PET. To this point the retrospective registration is then applied, producing C’ in MR. Statistics are gathered on the target registration error (TRE), which is the disparity between the original point C and its corresponding point C’. A second goal of the project is to evaluate the importance of correcting geometrical distortion in MR images, by comparing the retrospective TRE in the rectified images, i.e., those which have had the distortion correction applied, with that of the same images before rectification. This paper presents preliminary results of this study along with a brief description of each registration technique and an estimate of both preparation and execution time needed to perform the registration.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Dias, E.W.B, et al.
(författare)
-
Breakdown of the independent particle approximation in high-energy photoionization
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007. ; 78:24, s. 4553-4556
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The independent particle approximation is shown to break down for the photoionization of both inner and outer nl (l > 0) electrons of all atoms, at high enough energy, owing to interchannel interactions with the nearby ns photoionization channels. The effect is illustrated for Ne 2p in the 1 keV photon energy range through a comparison of theory and experiment. The implications for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of molecules and condensed matter are discussed.
|
|
| 12. |
- Hemmers, O, et al.
(författare)
-
Beyond the dipole approximation: angular-distribution effects in valence photoemission
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - 0953-4075. ; 30:21, s. L727-L733
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular distributions of valence photoelectrons showing effects due to highermultipole photon interactions have been measured for the first time. Neon 2s and 2p photoemission exhibits effects beyond the dipole approximation throughout the 250 to 1200 eV photon-energy range studied. The results suggest that any photoemission experiment, on any sample, can be affected at relatively low photon energies, pointing to a general need for caution in interpreting angle-resolved-photoemission measurements.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Wang, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Wavelengths and energy levels of potassium-like Ni x
- 1999
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS. - 0953-4075. ; 32:22, s. 5299-5309
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An analysis of potassium-like Ni x in the 15-170 nm wavelength region is reported following observations involving collision-based spectroscopy and laser plasma spectroscopy. Ferry five transitions from different excited states in Ni x are identified. Twe
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Heyerdahl, H, et al.
(författare)
-
Pharmacokinetic studies on 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX accumulation in tumours and normal tissues
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Cancer Letters. - 1872-7980. ; 112:2, s. 225-231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for in vivo point monitoring and fluorescence microscopy incorporating a CCD camera were used to study the fluorescence distribution of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in tumours. Fluorescence in a chemically induced adenocarcinoma in the liver of rats and in an aggressive basal cell carcinoma in a patient were studied after intravenous injection of ALA at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight. The LIF technique demonstrated slightly more ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence in the tumour than in the surrounding normal liver and abdominal muscle of rats. The visible parts of the human basal cell carcinoma exhibited strong ALA-induced fluorescence, while this fluorescence was much weaker in the necrotic areas of the tumour and in the surrounding normal skin. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science ireland Ltd.
|
|
| 23. |
- Horger, B A, et al.
(författare)
-
Neurturin exerts potent actions on survival and function of midbrain dopaminergic neurons
- 1998
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Neuroscience. - 1529-2401. ; 18:13, s. 4929-4937
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) exhibits potent effects on survival and function of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons in a variety of models. Although other growth factors expressed in the vicinity of developing DA neurons have been reported to support survival of DA neurons in vitro, to date none of these factors duplicate the potent and selective actions of GDNF in vivo. We report here that neurturin (NTN), a homolog of GDNF, is expressed in the nigrostriatal system, and that NTN exerts potent effects on survival and function of midbrain DA neurons. Our findings indicate that NTN mRNA is sequentially expressed in the ventral midbrain and striatum during development and that NTN exhibits survival-promoting actions on both developing and mature DA neurons. In vitro, NTN supports survival of embryonic DA neurons, and in vivo, direct injection of NTN into the substantia nigra protects mature DA neurons from cell death induced by 6-OHDA. Furthermore, administration of NTN into the striatum of intact adult animals induces behavioral and biochemical changes associated with functional upregulation of nigral DA neurons. The similarity in potency and efficacy of NTN and GDNF on DA neurons in several paradigms stands in contrast to the differential distribution of the receptor components GDNF Family Receptor alpha1 (GFRalpha1) and GFRalpha2 within the ventral mesencephalon. These results suggest that NTN is an endogenous trophic factor for midbrain DA neurons and point to the possibility that GDNF and NTN may exert redundant trophic influences on nigral DA neurons acting via a receptor complex that includes GFRalpha1.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Stolte, W.C., et al.
(författare)
-
The K-shell Auger decay of atomic oxygen
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - 0953-4075. ; 30:20, s. 4489-4497
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relative photoionization cross sections for O+ and O2+ produced by the Auger decay of a 1s hole in atomic oxygen were measured by using synchrotron radiation between 525 and 553 eV. Energies and quantum defects of the members of the two Rydberg series converging to [1s]2s22p4(4P) and [1s]2s22p4(2P) ionization thresholds were determined. In addition, the 2P and 4P ionization thresholds were calculated from the two Rydberg series. The 182 meV resolution of the monochromator allowed a detailed study over both thresholds revealing evidence for post-collision interaction and allowing a comparison of the ionization continuum above both 2P and 4P thresholds with that of the ionization continuum above the Ar L2 and L3 edges. This comparison indicates that the lifetimes of the Ar(2p) and O(1s) hole states are approximately the same.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Wang, Z Y, et al.
(författare)
-
Electroconvulsive treatment evokes release of preprotachykinin-A mRNA into the cerebrospinal fluid and ocular aqueous humor of rabbits
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940. ; 226:3, s. 151-154
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) of rabbits, preprotachykinin-A (PPT-A) mRNA was detected by Southern blot analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified products in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and aqueous humor of the eye. In contrast, no PPT-A mRNA could be detected in samples from untreated animals. In addition, several neuropeptides (substance P, neuropeptide Y, cholecystokinin, calcitonin gene-related peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide) were released into the CSF (and aqueous humor) following ECT. The results suggest that PPT-A mRNA was released together with neuropeptides into the CSF and aqueous humor in response to ECT. Indeed, previous studies have suggested that neurons can release neuropeptide mRNAs and that neurons are capable of taking up and expressing foreign mRNA. If neuropeptide mRNA can be taken up and utilized by another neuronal population, it might explain instances when neurons display 'phenotypic switch', i.e. the transient expression of novel neuropeptides.
|
|
| 32. |
- Wehlitz, R, et al.
(författare)
-
Photon energy dependence of ionization-excitation in helium at medium energies
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - 0953-4075. ; 30:2, s. L51-L58
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have measured the photoionization-excitation-to-photoionization ratio for He(+)nl (n = 2-6) at several photon energies from 90 to 900 eV. By extrapolating these values we could determine the asymptotic high-energy ratios for He(+)nl (n = 2-5) which agree with theoretical predictions. We show that the satellite-to-main-line ratios are consistent with experimental double-to-single photoionization ratios and agree well with recent measurements.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
