| 1. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 452:7190, s. 949-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tribolium castaneum is a representative of earth’s most numerous eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and also an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved an ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment as evidenced by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as p450 and other detoxification enzymes. Developmental patterns in Tribolium are more representative of other arthropods than those found in Drosophila, a fact represented in gene content and function. For one, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, and some are expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short germ development. Systemic RNAi in T. castaneum appears to use mechanisms distinct from those found in C. elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Meng, Wen-Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Microsatellite instability did not predict individual survival in sporadic stage II and III rectal cancer patients
- 2007
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Ingår i: Oncology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0890-9091 .- 0030-2414 .- 1423-0232. ; 72:1-2, s. 82-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Tumors with high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H) have unique biological behavior and the predictive role of microsatellite instability (MSI) status on survival of colorectal cancer is still debated. The prognostic significance of MSI status in sporadic stage II and III rectal cancer patients needs to be more precisely defined. So we investigated the relationship between MSI status and clinicopathological features and prognosis in these patients. Methods: DNAs from fresh-frozen paired samples of tumors and corresponding normal tissue from 128 stage II and III rectal cancer patients were analyzed for MSI by PCR amplification using markers recommended by a National Cancer Institute workshop on MSI. To assess prognostic significance, Cox proportional hazards modeling was used. Results: Twelve (9.3%) tumors in our study were MSI-H, 28 (21.9%) were low-frequency MSI (MSI-L) and 88 (68.8%) were microsatellite stable (MSS). Most of the MSI-H tumors compared with MSI-L and MSS tumors were found in female patients (p = 0.031), had mucinous histology (p = 0.023), high grade of differentiation (p = 0.002) and high level of preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (p = 0.005). Rectal cancer patients with MSI-H did not show a better clinical outcome than those with MSI-L/MSS, neither in all cases (p = 0.986) nor in stage II and stage III disease analyzed separately (p = 0.705 and p = 0.664, respectively). Conclusions: Data provided here demonstrated there was high incidence of MSI-H and MSI was not a prognostic factor in sporadic stage II and III rectal cancers from the Chinese Han population included in this study. Tumor stage is more suitable than MSI status for prediction of individual survival in sporadic stage II and III rectal cancer patients. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG.
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| 4. |
- Meng, Wen-Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Novel mutations and sequence variants in exons 3-9 of human T Cell Factor-4 gene in sporadic rectal cancer patients stratified by microsatellite instability
- 2007
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Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - 1007-9327 .- 2219-2840. ; 13:27, s. 3747-3751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To establish the role of human T Cell Factor-4 (hTCF-4) gene exons 3-9 mutation status in association with sporadic rectal cancer with microsatellite instability (MSI). Methods: Microsatellite markers were genotyped in 93 sporadic rectal cancer patients. Eleven cases were found to be high-frequency MSI (MSI-H). Sequence analysis of the coding region of the exons 3-9 of hTCF-4 gene was carried out for the 11 MSI-H cases and 10 controls (5 microsatellite stability (MSS) cases and 5 cases with normal mucosa). The sequencing and MSI identification were used. Results: Several novel mutations and variants were revealed. In exon 4, one is a 4-position continuous alteration which caused amino acid change from Q131T and S132I (391insA, 392 G > A, 393 A > G and 395delC) and another nucleotide deletion (395delC) is present in MSI-H cases (5/10 and 4/10, respectively) but completely absent in the controls. Conclusion: Novel mutations in exon 4 of hTCF-4 gene were revealed in this study, which might be of importance in the pathogenesis of sporadic rectal cancer patients with MSI-H. © 2007 WJG. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Wang, Sheng-Jun, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of synaptic interaction on firing synchronization and spike death in excitatory neuronal networks
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. - New York : American Physical Society through the American Institute of Physics. - 1063-651X .- 1095-3787. ; 78:6, s. 061906-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the influence of efficacy of synaptic interaction on firing synchronization in excitatoryneuronal networks. We find spike death phenomena: namely, the state of neurons transits from the limit cycleto a fixed point or transient state. The phenomena occur under the perturbation of an excitatory synapticinteraction, which has a high efficacy. We show that the decrease of synaptic current results in spike deaththrough depressing the feedback of the sodium ionic current. In the networks with the spike death property thedegree of synchronization is lower and insensitive to the heterogeneity of neurons. The mechanism of theinfluence is that the transition of the neuron state disrupts the adjustment of the rhythm of the neuronsoscillation and prevents a further increase of the firing synchronization.
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| 6. |
- Xu, Bing, et al.
(författare)
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Clinicopathological significance of caspase-8 and caspase-10 expression in rectal cancer
- 2008
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Ingår i: Oncology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0890-9091 .- 0030-2414 .- 1423-0232. ; 74:3-4, s. 229-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the expression of caspase-8 and -10 in rectal adenoma, adenocarcinoma and the corresponding normal mucosa tissue, and to clarify the relationship between their expression and clinicopathological parameters of rectal cancer. Methods: The expression of caspase-8 and -10 was determined by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in 36 rectal adenomas, 93 rectal cancers and 93 corresponding normal rectal mucosa samples. Results: Compared with normal mucosa, the mRNA expression of caspase-8 was higher in adenomas (p = 0.003), while that of caspase-10 was lower in adenomas (p = 0.035) and cancers (p = 0.001). Immunohistochemical results showed caspase-8 up-regulation in adenomas (p = 0.014), and caspase-10 down-regulation in adenomas (p = 0.034) and cancers (p < 0.001) compared with normal mucosa samples. Cancers with poor differentiation had lower caspase-10 mRNA and protein levels than those with better differentiation (p = 0.041 and p = 0.046, respectively). The protein expression of caspase-8 and -10 was in accordance with the mRNA expression (p = 0.043 and p = 0.018, respectively). Conclusions: Caspase-8 expression was up-regulated in rectal adenomas. Caspase-10 expression was down-regulated in both rectal adenomas and cancers, and was further related to differentiation. Caspase-8 and -10 may be involved in the pathogenesis of rectal cancer. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG.
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| 7. |
- Abdulghani, Saba, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of initial pressurization and cup introduction time on the depth of cement penetration in an acetabular model.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3682 .- 1745-3674. ; 78:3, s. 333-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Acetabular cementation during total hip arthroplasty is considered difficult mainly due to the appearance and anatomy of the acetabulum. Improved cementation technique has been shown to improve the longevity of acetabular components. Method We designed a ceramic model to investigate the effect of varying the initial cement pressurization and cup introduction times on the depth of cement penetration. 4 groups were prepared, 2 of which involved varying initial cement pressurization and cup introduction times. Group 3 involved initial cement pressurization with no cup introduction, while group 4 involved cup introduction with no prior cement pressurization. Results and interpretation Most cement penetration occurred in the early pressurization phase, and we conclude that a relatively early and longer cement pressurization time and late cup introduction are positive factors for increased cement penetration in the acetabulum model.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Camire, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Material characterization and in vivo behavior of silicon substituted alpha-tricalcium phosphate cement.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B - Applied Biomaterials. - : Wiley. - 1552-4981 .- 1552-4973. ; 76B:2, s. 424-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility and biological effects of substituting silicon in a-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) by way of solid-state reaction have been evaluated. a-TCP powders with varying substitution amounts (1 and 5 mol % Ca2SiO4) were synthesized by reacting mixtures of CaCO3, Ca(2)P(2)O7, and SiO2, at a rate of 4 degrees C(min)(-1) to 1100 degrees C, left to dwell for 2 h and then heated to 1325 degrees C at 4 degrees C(min)(-1) and left to dwell for a period of 4 h. The powders were then rapidly quenched in air. Si incorporation could be verified by X-ray diffraction analysis, indicating an increase of the lattice volume with increasing Si content from 4284.1(8) to 4334(1) angstrom(3) for pure alpha-TCP and alpha-Si5%TCP, respectively. The hydrolysis of milled alpha-SiTCP powders was monitored by isothermal calorimetry, and the compressive strength of set cements was tested. The results showed changes in speed and amount of heat released during reactivity tests and a decrease in mechanical strength (60, 50, and 5 MPa) with increasing Si content. In vitro bioactivity of the set cements after soaking in simulated body fluid for 4 weeks was also tested. The formation of a bonelike apatite layer on the surface of the set cements could be observed and was thickest for 1% Si (20 mu m). These results were in good agreement with the in vivo studies performed, which showed strong evidence that the cement containing 1% silicon doped alpha-TCP enhanced mesenchymal cell differentiation and increased osteoblast activity compared with alpha-TCP. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 10. |
- Cheng, Lihua, et al.
(författare)
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Design of wavelength division demultiplexers based on holographic gratings with a low polarization dependent loss
- 2006
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Ingår i: Guangzi Xuebao/Acta Photonica Sinica. - 1004-4213. ; 35:11, s. 1667-1671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An optimizing method of main structure parameters (e. g. , the thickness of the crystal) and writing conditions (e. g., the incident angle) is presented for a holographic grating wavelength division demultiplexer based on photorefractive LiNbO3 crystals. The key performance parameters of the demultiplexer, such as the loss and the polarization dependent loss (PDL), are optimized by selecting favourite structure parameters using a rigorous coupled wave analysis method. Numerical results show that a low loss and a low PDL can be achieved by using the optimal crystal thickness and incident angle. The designed demultiplexer obtains the favourite synthetical performance for an actual application. The experimental method of the grating recorded is also introduced in the present paper. The experimental results accorded with theoretical computation commendably by testing the three different specimens.
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| 11. |
- Clark, Andrew G., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Leng, Jian-Cai, et al.
(författare)
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Orientation of Decanethiol Molecules in Self-Assembled Monolayers Determined by Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 113:42, s. 18353-18357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present first-principles calculations for the inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) of decanethiolate molecules sandwiched between Au(111) surface and scanning tunneling microscope (STM) reported by Hallback et at, (Nano Left. 2004, 4, 2393). It is demonstrated here that the IET spectra are very sensitive to the molecule-metal contact structure, orientation of the molecule adsorbed on the surface, and the distance between the carbon of the terminal methyl group and the STM tip. With correct assignation of the experimental spectral features, the orientation of the molecule and then the probable configuration of the molecular junction are
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| 15. |
- Li, Dong-gang, et al.
(författare)
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Diffusion layer growth at Zn/Cu interface under uniform and gradient high magnetic fields
- 2008
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 495:1-2, s. 244-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a common phenomenon occurring in many material processes, diffusion may induce significant changes in composition and microstructure near the interface. In the present study, liquid/solid (Zn/Cu) interface diffusion experiments in high magnetic fields (up to 12 T) were conducted and the thickness changes of diffusion layer under different magnetic field conditions were examined. It was found that there were no noticeable effects of high magnetic fields on the formation of intermetallic phases at the interface. However, the magnetic flux density exerted a non-linear influence on the diffusion layer thickness. This phenomenon should be attributed to the effect of magnetic fields suppressing natural convection and inducing thermo-electromagnetic convection. In addition, the diffusion of Zn into Cu could be retarded by a magnetic field gradient. These results indicate that both the strength and the gradient of high magnetic fields can be used to control the diffusion behavior.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Lin, Li-Li, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Aromatic Coupling on Electronic Transport in Bimolecular Junctions
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 113:32, s. 14474-14477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have performed a systematic first-principles study on conductance-voltage characteristics of bioligo(phenylene ethynylene)-monothiol molecular junctions as recently reported by Wu et al.[Nalure Nanotech. 2008, 3, 569]. It is found that the molecular conductance is very sensitive to the vertical distance between two molecules as well as the titled angle between two molecular planes. By comparing with experimental results, key structure parameters for bimolecular junction are determined, indicating that in the experimental devices, the vertical distance between two molecules is around 0.30 mn, the two planar molecules have a cofacial arrangement, and the length of the molecular bridge is about 2.88 nm. The underlying mechanism for electron transport in these aromatically coupled bimolecular junctions has also been discussed.
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| 18. |
- Löwemark, Ludvig, et al.
(författare)
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Glacio-eustatic influence on deep water circulation in the South China Sea over the past 500 kyrs – implications for global biogeochemical cycling
- 2008
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Ingår i: Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting, American Geophysical Union, Cairns, Australia, July/August 2008.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We provide new evidence for the development of a stable estuarinecirculation characterized by stagnating water bodies, nutrient recycling and increased primary productivity in the South China Seaduring glacial intervals caused by the closure of the shallow andnarrow straits connecting the South China Sea in the south and west. Our main evidence comes from records of Mn concentrations and Mn/Al ratios in two sedimentary cores from the northern and southeastern South China Sea covering the last 500 ky. Concentrations and Mn/Al ratios of the redox sensitive element Mn show clear glacial-interglacial cycles with maxima during interglacial periods and minima during glacial periods. These cycles indicate ventilation cycles of the bottom water connected to the glacial-interglacial changes in sea level. In contrast, total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations display an opposite pattern with pronounced maxima during glacial times, especially in the southern part of the basin. The variations in TOC can be ascribed to two factors. Firstly to variations in primary productivity controlled by variations in theintensity of the winter monsoon. Secondly to the degree of preservation of TOC controlled by variations in ventilation, ultimately controlled by sea level. Variations in TOC consequentlyrepresent a superimposition of sea level influenced preservationcontrol and primarily winter monsoon driven variations in primaryproductivity intensity. The decrease in Mn correspond to times when sea level dropped below 40-50 m. Larger amplitude of the variations in TOC and Mn in the southern part of the basin compared to the northern sites suggest that oxygen depletion and nutrient recycling was stronger in the parts of the basin situated the furthest from the only remaining opening to the open Pacific, the Luzon strait.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Matsumoto, Taro, et al.
(författare)
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VEGF receptor-2 Y951 signaling and a role for the adapter molecule TSAd in tumor angiogenesis.
- 2005
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Ingår i: EMBO J. - 0261-4189. ; 24:13, s. 2342-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) activation by VEGF-A is essential in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. We have generated a pan-phosphorylation site map of VEGFR-2 and identified one major tyrosine phosphorylation site in the kinase insert (Y951), in addition to two major sites in the C-terminal tail (Y1175 and Y1214). In developing vessels, phosphorylation of Y1175 and Y1214 was detected in all VEGFR-2-expressing endothelial cells, whereas phosphorylation of Y951 was identified in a subset of vessels. Phosphorylated Y951 bound the T-cell-specific adapter (TSAd), which was expressed in tumor vessels. Mutation of Y951 to F and introduction of phosphorylated Y951 peptide or TSAd siRNA into endothelial cells blocked VEGF-A-induced actin stress fibers and migration, but not mitogenesis. Tumor vascularization and growth was reduced in TSAd-deficient mice, indicating a critical role of Y951-TSAd signaling in pathological angiogenesis.
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| 21. |
- Oredsson, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Polyamine-Dependent Early Cellular Signals and Cell Proliferation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Polyamine Cell Signaling. - Totowa, NJ : Humana Press. - 9781597451451 - 9781588296252 ; , s. 41-50
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When a resting cell is awakened to enter the cell cycle by mitogenic stimulation, a complex molecular machinery involving positive and negative regulation of cell-cycle progression is initiated. Part of the machinery is quite well-known. It involves receptors of various kinds, protein interactions, phosphorylation reactions, and molecular cascades carrying the signal to enter the cell cycle from the cell surface to the nucleus. In the nucleus, transcriptional activation results in an increased involvement of genes in the process. In the cytoplasm, translational and posttranslational mechanisms also have a part in the process. In this complex partly known molecular machinery, there are also molecules that not yet have been assigned a specific role; however, there are enough data to state that their role in normal cell-cycle progression is ubiquitous. The level of the polyamines—putrescine, spermidine, and spermine—are low in nonproliferating cells, but their levels increase early after mitogenic stimulation and these increases are necessary for normal rates of cell-cycle progression (1,2). In this chapter, the focus will be on the role of polyamines in early signaling processes that are required for normal cell-cycle progression.
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| 22. |
- Sjöblom, Markus, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Duodenal acidity "sensing" but not epithelial HCO3- supply is critically dependent on carbonic anhydrase II expression
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 106:31, s. 13094-13099
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is strongly expressed in the duodenum and has been implicated in a variety of physiological functions including enterocyte HCO(3)(-) supply for secretion and the "sensing" of luminal acid and CO(2). Here, we report the physiological role of the intracellular CAII isoform involvement in acid-, PGE(2,) and forskolin-induced murine duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS) in vivo. CAII-deficient and WT littermates were studied in vivo during isoflurane anesthesia. An approximate 10-mm segment of the proximal duodenum with intact blood supply was perfused under different experimental conditions and DBS was titrated by pH immediately. Two-photon confocal microscopy using the pH-sensitive dye SNARF-1F was used to assess duodenocyte pH(i) in vivo. After correction of systemic acidosis by infusion of isotonic Na(2)CO(3), basal DBS was not significantly different in CAII-deficient mice and WT littermates. The duodenal bicarbonate secretory response to acid was almost abolished in CAII-deficient mice, but normal to forskolin- or 16,16-dimethyl PGE(2) stimulation. The complete inhibition of tissue CAs by luminal methazolamide and i.v. acetazolamide completely blocked the response to acid, but did not significantly alter the response to forskolin. While duodenocytes acidified upon luminal perfusion with acid, no significant pH(i) change occurred in CAII-deficient duodenum in vivo. The results suggest that CA II is important for duodenocyte acidification by low luminal pH and for eliciting the acid-mediated HCO(3)(-) secretory response, but is not important in the generation of the secreted HCO(3)(-) ions.
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| 23. |
- Smith, Pete, et al.
(författare)
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Sectoral approaches to improve regional carbon budgets
- 2008
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Ingår i: Climatic Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0165-0009 .- 1573-1480. ; 88:3-4, s. 209-249
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans utilise about 40% of the earth's net primary production (NPP) but the products of this NPP are often managed by different sectors, with timber and forest products managed by the forestry sector and food and fibre products from croplands and grasslands managed by the agricultural sector. Other significant anthropogenic impacts on the global carbon cycle include human utilization of fossil fuels and impacts on less intensively managed systems such as peatlands, wetlands and permafrost. A great deal of knowledge, expertise and data is available within each sector. We describe the contribution of sectoral carbon budgets to our understanding of the global carbon cycle. Whilst many sectors exhibit similarities for carbon budgeting, some key differences arise due to differences in goods and services provided, ecology, management practices used, land-management personnel responsible, policies affecting land management, data types and availability, and the drivers of change. We review the methods and data sources available for assessing sectoral carbon budgets, and describe some of key data limitations and uncertainties for each sector in different regions of the world. We identify the main gaps in our knowledge/data, show that coverage is better for the developed world for most sectors, and suggest how sectoral carbon budgets could be improved in the future. Research priorities include the development of shared protocols through site networks, a move to full carbon accounting within sectors, and the assessment of full greenhouse gas budgets.
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| 24. |
- Sohl, Joar, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Large Matrix Multiplication on a Novel Heterogeneous Parallel DSP Architecture
- 2009
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Ingår i: ADVANCED PARALLEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES, PROCEEDINGS. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642036439 - 9783642036446 ; , s. 408-419
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces a novel master-multi-SIMD on-chip multi-core architecture for embedded signal processing. The parallel architecture and its memory subsystem are described in this paper. We evaluate the large size matrix multiplication performance on this parallel architecture and compare it with a SIMD-extended data parallel architecture. We also examine how well the new architecture scales for different numbers of SIMD co-processors. The experimental results show that the ePUMA architecture's memory subsystem can effectively hide the data access overhead. With its 8-way SIMD data path and multi-SIMD parallel execution, the ePUMA architecture improves the performance of matrix multiplication with a speedup of 45x from the conventional SIMD extension.
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| 25. |
- Soulet, Denis, et al.
(författare)
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Role of polyamines in the control of the immune response in the brain
- 2006
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Ingår i: Polyamine cell signaling, Physiology, Pharmacology, and Cancer Research. - Totowa, NJ : Humana Press. - 9781588296252 ; , s. 279-292
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Polyamines are essential polycations involved in a large variety of biological functions, including modulation of the nucleic acid conformation, RNA export and their degradation, protein synthesis, eIF-5A posttranslational modification, signal transduction, cell growth and differentiation, and tumor progression ( 1 –bi3. These various aspects in the biology of polyamines are addressed in other sections of this book.
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| 26. |
- Svedin, Pernilla, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Delayed peripheral administration of a GPE analogue induces astrogliosis and angiogenesis and reduces inflammation and brain injury following hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal rat.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Developmental neuroscience. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9859 .- 0378-5866. ; 29:4-5, s. 393-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycine 2-methyl proline glutamate (G-2mPE) is a proline-modified analogue to the naturally existing N-terminal tripeptide glycine-proline-glutamate that is a cleaved product from insulin-like growth factor-1. G-2mPE is designed to be more enzymatically resistant than glycine-proline-glutamate and to increase its bioavailability. The current study has investigated the protective effects of G-2mPE following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the neonatal brain. On postnatal day 7, Wistar rats were exposed to hypoxia-ischemia (HI). HI was induced by unilateral ligation of the left carotid artery followed by hypoxia (7.7% O2, 36 degrees C) for 60 min. The drug treatment started 2 h after the insult, and the pups were given either 1.2 mg/kg (bolus), 1.2 mg/ml once a day for 7 days, or vehicle. The degree of brain damage was determined histochemically by thionin/acid fuchsin staining. G-2mPE's anti-inflammatory properties were investigated by IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-18 ELISA, and effects on apoptosis by caspase 3 activity. Vascularization was determined immunohistochemically by the total length of isolectin-positive blood vessels. Effect on astrocytosis was also determined in the hippocampus. Animals treated with multiple doses of G-2mPE demonstrated reduced overall brain injury 7 days after HI, particularly in the hippocampus and thalamus compared to vehicle-treated rats. The expression of IL-6 was decreased in G-2mPE-treated animals compared to vehicle-treated pups, and both the capillary length and astrogliosis were increased in the drug-treated animals. There was no effect on caspase 3 activity. This study indicates that peripheral administration of G-2mPE, starting 2 h after a hypoxic-ischemic insult, reduces the degree of brain injury in the immature rat brain. The normalization of IL-6 levels and the promotion of both neovascularization and reactive astrocytosis may be potential mechanisms that underlie its protective effects.
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| 27. |
- Thulin, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Activated platelets provide a functional microenvironment for the antiangiogenic fragment of histidine-rich glycoprotein
- 2009
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Ingår i: Molecular Cancer Research. - 1541-7786 .- 1557-3125. ; 7:11, s. 1792-1802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The angiogenesis inhibitor histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) constitutes one of several examples of molecules regulating both angiogenesis and hemostasis. The antiangiogenic properties of HRG are mediated via its proteolytically released histidine- and proline-rich (His/Pro-rich) domain.Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and massspectrometry, we here provide biochemical evidence for thepresence of a proteolytic peptide, corresponding to the antiangiogenic domain of HRG, in vivo in human tissue. This finding supports a role for HRG as an endogenous regulator of angiogenesis. Interestingly, the His/Pro-rich peptide bound to the vessel wall in tissue from cancer patients but not to the vasculature in tissue from healthy persons.Moreover, the His/Pro-rich peptide was found in close association with platelets. Relesate from in vitro–activated platelets promoted binding of the His/Pro-rich domain of HRG to endothelial cells, an effect mediated by Zn2+.Previous studies have shown that zinc-dependent bindingof the His/Pro-rich domain of HRG to heparan sulfate on endothelial cells is required for inhibition of angiogenesis.We describe a novel mechanism to increase the local concentration and activity of an angiogenesis inhibitor,which may reflect a host response to counteract angiogenesis during pathologic conditions. Our finding that tumor angiogenesis is elevated in HRG-deficient mice supports this conclusion.
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| 28. |
- Wang, Jian-Sheng, et al.
(författare)
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Indentation testing of a bone defect filled with two different injectable bone substitutes
- 2005
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Ingår i: Key Engineering Materials. - 1013-9826. ; 284-286, s. 89-92
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Injectable bone substitutes (IBS) based on calcium phosphate (CaP) and/or calcium sulphate (CaS) are used as fillers in bone defects to stimulate bone integration and allow mechanical loading. Two types of IBS, IBS-1 is CaP+20%CaS and IBS-2 is CaS+40% hydroxyapatite, were investigated. The materials were injected into holes in the femur and tibia in rabbits. After 10 weeks the femora were subjected to indentation testing and tibiae were prepared for histology evaluation. IBS-1 lead to a higher indentation load compared to control, that is no material inserted, while IBS-2 showed no significant difference between material and control. Histology showed that with IBS-1, the bone penetrated into and integrated with the material in the defect. With IBS-2, new bone grew into the outer 0.5-1.0 mm. The materials could be used for different indications, such as to support fracture healing or in contained cavities
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Wang, Shan-Shan, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling endface output patterns of optical micro/nanofibers
- 2008
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 16:12, s. 8887-8895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endface output patterns of micro/nanofibers (MNFs) are simulated using a Three-Dimension Finite-Difference Time-Domain (3D-FDTD) method. The intensity distribution and beam widths of near-or far-field output patterns of freestanding silica and tellurite MNFs with flat, angled, spherical and tapered endfaces in air and/or water are obtained. It shows that, for a subwavelength-diameter MNF, highly confined output beam can be obtained in the near field, and the beam width can be tuned by the ratio of fiber diameter and light wavelength with a minimum width smaller than the wavelength. Meanwhile, MNFs with shaped endfaces behave differently from standard fibers in reflection, redirection and focus of light beam at the endfaces. These results may offer valuable references for practical evaluation and application of terminated MNFs with wavelength-or subwavelength-scale endfaces.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Wang, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Azadithiolates cofactor of the iron-only hydrogenase and its PR3-monosubstituted derivatives : Synthesis, structure, electrochemistry and protonation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-328X .- 1872-8561. ; 692:24, s. 5501-5507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The core structure (mu-SCH2)(2)NH[Fe-2(CO)(6)](5) of Fe-only hydrogenases active site model has been synthesized by the condensation of iron carbonyl sulfides, formaldehyde and silyl protected amine. Its monosubstituted complexes (mu-SCH2)(2)NH[Fe-2(CO)(5)PR3] (R = Ph (6), Me (7)) were accordingly prepared. The coordination configurations of 5 and 6 were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Protonation of complex 7 to form the N-protonated product occurs in an acetonitrile solution upon addition of triflic acid. The redox properties of these model complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetry.
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| 35. |
- Wang, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Pentacarbonyl-1 kappa C-2,2 kappa 3C-(diphenyl-phosphine-1kP)(mu-2-propyl-2-aza-propane-1,3-dithiolato-1 kappa S-2,S ' : 2 kappa S-2,S ')diiron(Fe-Fe)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section E. - : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). - 1600-5368. ; 63, s. M1959-U1552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The title compound, [Fe-2(C5H11NS2)(C12H11P)(CO)(5)], has been prepared and characterized as a model compound of the iron hydrogenase active site through controlled CO ligand displacement of (mu-SCH2)(2)N(CH2CH2CH3)[Fe-2(CO)(6)] with diphenylphosphine. The central Fe2S2 structure is in a butterfly conformation, and each Fe atom displays pseudo-square-pyramidal geometry. The phosphine group occupies an apical position. The propyl group on the bridging N atom is in an equatorial position and takes a zigzag form. In the crystal packing, adjacent pairs of molecules are associated by S center dot center dot center dot S (3.625 angstrom) intermolecular nonbonded weak interactions.
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| 36. |
- Yu, Huakang, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling bending losses of optical nanofibers or nanowires
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 48:22, s. 4365-4369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bending losses of nanofibers or nanowires with circular 90 degrees bends are simulated using a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method. Dependences of bending losses on wavelength and polarization of guided light are investigated, as well as the diameters, refractive indices, and bending radii of nanowires. The acceptable bending losses (similar to 1 dB/90 degrees) predicted in glass, polymer, and semiconductor nanowires with bending radii down to micrometer level may offer valuable references for assembling highly compact photonic integrated circuits or devices with optical nanowires.
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