| 1. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer death is related to high palmitoleic acid in serum and to polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene in healthy Swedish men
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 99:3, s. 551-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:A high proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or a high ratio of MUFAs to saturated fatty acids in plasma, reflecting a high activity of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), has been shown to be related to cancer death and incidence in some studies.OBJECTIVES:The objective was to study whether the serum cholesteryl ester proportion of palmitoleic acid [16:1n-7 (16:1ω-3)] and the ratio of palmitoleic to palmitic acid (16:1n-7/16:0), as an estimation of the activity of SCD-1, are related to cancer death and to investigate whether polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene are related to cancer mortality.DESIGN:A community-based cohort of 50-y-old men was followed for a maximum of >40 y. Survival analysis was used to relate fatty acid composition in serum, analyzed at baseline by gas-liquid chromatography (n = 1981), and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene (n = 986) to cancer death. A 7-d dietary record was completed at age 70 y (n = 880).RESULTS:The proportions of 16:1n-7 and the ratio of 16:1n-7 to 16:0 were associated with cancer mortality during follow-up in a comparison of the highest with the lowest quartile of 16:1n-7 (adjusted HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.82). Inherited variance of the SCD-1 gene seemed to be related to cancer death, especially among men with a low proportion of PUFA in the diet in a comparison of the highest with the lowest weighted genetic risk score (HR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.04).CONCLUSION:The findings are compatible with the hypothesis that there is an association between endogenously synthesized MUFAs and cancer death.
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| 2. |
- Hallström, Helena, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term coffee consumption in relation to fracture risk and bone mineral density in women
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 178:6, s. 898-909
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High consumption of coffee has been suggested to reduce the risk of some late-onset diseases and death but also to contribute to the development of osteoporotic fractures. Results of previous fracture studies have been inconsistent, and a comprehensive study is needed. The longitudinal population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort, including 61,433 women born in 1914-1948, was followed up from 1987 through 2008. Coffeeconsumption was assessed with repeated food frequency questionnaires. During follow-up, 14,738 women experienced fracture of any type, and 3,871 had a hip fracture. In a subcohort (n = 5,022), bone density was measured and osteoporosis determined (n = 1,012). After multivariable adjustment, there was no evidence of a higher rate of any fracture (hazard ratio per 200 mL coffee = 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.00) or hip fracture (hazard ratio per 200 mL coffee = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 1.00) with increasing coffeeconsumption. A high coffee intake (>= 4 cups daily) versus a low intake (<1 cup daily) was associated with a 2%-4% lower bone density, depending on site (P < 0.001), but the odds ratio for osteoporosis was only 1.28 (95% confidence interval: 0.88, 1.87). Thus, high coffeeconsumption was associated with a small reduction in bone density that did not translate into an increased risk of fracture.
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| 3. |
- Michaëlsson, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Long term calcium intake and rates of all cause and cardiovascular mortality : community based prospective longitudinal cohort study
- 2013
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Ingår i: The BMJ. - : BMJ. - 1756-1833. ; 346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between long term intake of dietary and supplemental calcium and death from all causes and cardiovascular disease.DESIGN:Prospective longitudinal cohort study.SETTING:Swedish mammography cohort, a population based cohort established in 1987-90.PARTICIPANTS:61 433 women (born between 1914 and 1948) followed-up for a median of 19 years.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Primary outcome measures, identified from registry data, were time to death from all causes (n=11 944) and cause specific cardiovascular disease (n=3862), ischaemic heart disease (n=1932), and stroke (n=1100). Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaires at baseline and in 1997 for 38 984 women, and intakes of calcium were estimated. Total calcium intake was the sum of dietary and supplemental calcium.RESULTS:The risk patterns with dietary calcium intake were non-linear, with higher rates concentrated around the highest intakes (≥1400 mg/day). Compared with intakes between 600 and 1000 mg/day, intakes above 1400 mg/day were associated with higher death rates from all causes (hazard ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 1.67), cardiovascular disease (1 49, 1.09 to 2.02), and ischaemic heart disease (2.14, 1.48 to 3.09) but not from stroke (0.73, 0.33 to 1.65). After sensitivity analysis including marginal structural models, the higher death rate with low dietary calcium intake (<600 mg/day) or with low and high total calcium intake was no longer apparent. Use of calcium tablets (6% users; 500 mg calcium per tablet) was not on average associated with all cause or cause specific mortality but among calcium tablet users with a dietary calcium intake above 1400 mg/day the hazard ratio for all cause mortality was 2.57 (95% confidence interval 1.19 to 5.55).CONCLUSION:High intakes of calcium in women are associated with higher death rates from all causes and cardiovascular disease but not from stroke.
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| 4. |
- Michaëlsson, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Milk intake and risk of mortality and fractures in women and men : cohort studies
- 2014
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Ingår i: British Medical Journal. - : BMJ. - 1756-1833. ; 349, s. g6015-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine whether high milk consumption is associated with mortality and fractures in women and men.DESIGN: Cohort studies.SETTING: Three counties in central Sweden.PARTICIPANTS: Two large Swedish cohorts, one with 61 433 women (39-74 years at baseline 1987-90) and one with 45 339 men (45-79 years at baseline 1997), were administered food frequency questionnaires. The women responded to a second food frequency questionnaire in 1997.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Multivariable survival models were applied to determine the association between milk consumption and time to mortality or fracture.RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 20.1 years, 15 541 women died and 17 252 had a fracture, of whom 4259 had a hip fracture. In the male cohort with a mean follow-up of 11.2 years, 10 112 men died and 5066 had a fracture, with 1166 hip fracture cases. In women the adjusted mortality hazard ratio for three or more glasses of milk a day compared with less than one glass a day was 1.93 (95% confidence interval 1.80 to 2.06). For every glass of milk, the adjusted hazard ratio of all cause mortality was 1.15 (1.13 to 1.17) in women and 1.03 (1.01 to 1.04) in men. For every glass of milk in women no reduction was observed in fracture risk with higher milk consumption for any fracture (1.02, 1.00 to 1.04) or for hip fracture (1.09, 1.05 to 1.13). The corresponding adjusted hazard ratios in men were 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) and 1.03 (0.99 to 1.07). In subsamples of two additional cohorts, one in males and one in females, a positive association was seen between milk intake and both urine 8-iso-PGF2α (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and serum interleukin 6 (a main inflammatory biomarker).CONCLUSIONS: High milk intake was associated with higher mortality in one cohort of women and in another cohort of men, and with higher fracture incidence in women. Given the observational study designs with the inherent possibility of residual confounding and reverse causation phenomena, a cautious interpretation of the results is recommended.
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| 5. |
- Snellman, Greta, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term dietary vitamin D intake and risk of fracture and osteoporosis : a longitudinal cohort study of Swedish middle-aged and elderly women
- 2012
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Ingår i: Bone. - : Elsevier BV. - 8756-3282 .- 1873-2763. ; 50:Suppl 1, s. S65-S65
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Context: Vitamin D deficiency may lead to osteoporosis and fracture but the importance of dietary vitamin D intake for skeletal health in adults is uncertain.Objective: To investigate associations between long-term dietary intake of vitamin D with risk of fractures and osteoporosis.Design: A prospective longitudinal cohort study.Setting: The population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort and the subcohort SMC Clinical.Participants: 61,433 women (age range 38 to 76 years) were followed for 19 years. Of these, 5,022 participated in the subcohort. Diet was assessed by repeated food frequency questionnaires. Main outcome measures: Incident fractures of any type and hip fractures, which were identified from registry data. Secondary outcome was osteoporosis diagnosed by dual energy x ray absorptiometry in the subcohort.Results: 14,738 women experienced any type of first fracture during follow-up, with 3,871 of these being hip fractures. Twenty percent of the women in the subcohort were classified as osteoporotic. A multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for any first fracture was 0.96 (95% CI 0.92-1.01) for the lowest and 1.02 (95% CI 0.96-1.07) for the highest quintile when compared with the third quintile of vitamin D intake. The corresponding HR for a first hip fracture was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.96-1.08) for the lowest and 1.14 (95% CI, 1.03-1.26) for the highest quintile. The odds ratio of osteoporosis by quintiles of vitamin D intake was 1.20 (95% CI, 0.85-1.71) for the lowest and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.78-1.25) for the highest quintile. Bone mineral density, however, were 2% higher at the lumbar spine and 0.3% higher at the total hip in women with highest vs. women with lowest intake of vitamin D (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Dietary intake of vitamin D seems to be of minor importance for the occurrence of fractures and osteoporosis in community-dwelling Swedish middle-aged and elderly women.
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| 6. |
- Wallin, S., et al.
(författare)
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Biomonitoring study of deoxynivalenol exposure and association with typical cereal consumption in Swedish adults
- 2013
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Ingår i: World Mycotoxin Journal. - 1875-0710 .- 1875-0796. ; 6:4, s. 439-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin of the trichothecene family commonly found in cereals infested with different Fusarium species. DON acts primarily on the gastrointestinal and immune system and is suspected to be an underlying agent causing several outbreaks of gastrointestinal disorder among humans, which prompts studies of human exposure and estimations of intake among populations. However, assessing human exposure to mycotoxins is associated with several difficulties. Therefore, a study was undertaken among adults (18-80 years) in a subgroup of Riksmaten, the Swedish national survey investigating dietary habits, examining both the association between urinary DON concentration and dietary intake of cereals, and estimations of daily DON intake. The results indicate that exposure to DON is common among Swedish adults, as this mycotoxin was detected in 292 out of 326 urine samples (90%) at levels ranging from non-detectable to 65.8 ng DON/mI urine with a median level of 2.9 ng/ml. Furthermore, urinary DON (ng/mg creatinine) was associated with intake (g/day) of total cereal grain as well as whole grain. Urinary DON was also significantly associated with breakfast cereals and porridge consumption (P<0.05). Estimated DON intake in this study ranged between 2.5 and 5,443 ng/kg body weight (bw). 1% of the individuals had estimated intakes above the group provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI; 1 mu g/kg), whereas the mean and median intakes of 159 and 84 ng DON/kg bw, respectively, were considerably below the PMTDI. Along with the toxicological profile of DON, no serious health implications are to be expected for the majority of Swedish adults, although a potential health concern remains for some high cereal consumers. In conclusion, biomonitoring could prove to be a valuable tool for observing DON exposure among populations.
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