| 1. |
- Beral, V, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer - collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58515 women with breast cancer and 95067 women without the disease
- 2002
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 87, s. 1234-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol and tobacco consumption are closely correlated and published results on their association with breast cancer have not always allowed adequately for confounding between these exposures. Over 80% of the relevant information worldwide on alcohol and tobacco consumption and breast cancer were collated, checked and analysed centrally. Analyses included 58515 women with invasive breast cancer and 95067 controls from 53 studies. Relative risks of breast cancer were estimated, after stratifying by study, age, parity and, where appropriate, women's age when their first child was born and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The average consumption of alcohol reported by controls from developed countries was 6.0 g per day, i.e. about half a unit/drink of alcohol per day, and was greater in ever-smokers than never-smokers, (8.4 g per day and 5.0 g per day, respectively). Compared with women who reported drinking no alcohol, the relative risk of breast cancer was 1.32 (1.19 - 1.45, P < 0.00001) for an intake of 35 - 44 g per day alcohol, and 1.46 (1.33 - 1.61, P < 0.00001) for greater than or equal to 45 g per day alcohol. The relative risk of breast cancer increased by 7.1% (95% CI 5.5-8.7%; P<0.00001) for each additional 10 g per day intake of alcohol, i.e. for each extra unit or drink of alcohol consumed on a daily basis. This increase was the same in ever-smokers and never-smokers (7.1 % per 10 g per day, P < 0.00001, in each group). By contrast, the relationship between smoking and breast cancer was substantially confounded by the effect of alcohol. When analyses were restricted to 22 255 women with breast cancer and 40 832 controls who reported drinking no alcohol, smoking was not associated with breast cancer (compared to never-smokers, relative risk for ever-smokers= 1.03, 95% CI 0.98 - 1.07, and for current smokers=0.99, 0.92 - 1.05). The results for alcohol and for tobacco did not vary substantially across studies, study designs, or according to 15 personal characteristics of the women; nor were the findings materially confounded by any of these factors. If the observed relationship for alcohol is causal, these results suggest that about 4% of the breast cancers in developed countries are attributable to alcohol. In developing countries, where alcohol consumption among controls averaged only 0.4 g per day, alcohol would have a negligible effect on the incidence of breast cancer. In conclusion, smoking has little or no independent effect on the risk of developing breast cancer; the effect of alcohol on breast cancer needs to be interpreted in the context of its beneficial effects, in moderation, on cardiovascular disease and its harmful effects on cirrhosis and cancers of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus and liver. (C) 2002 Cancer Research UK.
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| 2. |
- Roumiantsev, S., Vajtai, R., Pala, N., Wei, B.Q., Shur, M.S., Kish, L.B., Ajayan, P.M.
(författare)
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Noise properties of ironfilled carbon nanotubes
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Symposium “Nanostructures: Physics and Technology”, St. Petersburg, Russia, 18-22 June 2001. Paper to be presented by S. Roumiantsev..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Saha, B., et al.
(författare)
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LEA-135 expression: its association with a lower risk of recurrence and increased overall survival of patients with lymph node-positive primary invasive breast cancer
- 2004
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Ingår i: Anticancer Res. - 0250-7005. ; 24:4, s. 2391-2400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A retrospective study was undertaken to determine and compare the prognostic significance of LEA-135 protein expression by immunohistochemistry with other prognostic pathological parameters, with respect to recurrence and overall survival. This study was conducted in freshly-frozen tissue sections from a cohort of 367 patients having primary invasive breast cancer, with axillary lymph node metastasis. The association of LEA-135 expression was compared with estrogen and progesterone receptor status, segmentectomy or radical mastectomy and hormonal therapy or chemotherapy in terms of recurrence or disease-free survival. Pathologic parameters including tumor size, histological tumor type and histological grade, as well as age of patients at the time of initial diagnosis, and the treatments, together with a median follow-up of 8.8 years were contemplated for the study. Among these parameters, tumor size and histological grade were individually and significantly associated with an increased probability of recurrence (log rank p<0.001 in both cases) and short survival (log ranks p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively), whereas age was only significantly associated with an increased probability of recurrence (log rank p=0.002) by univariate analysis. By multivariate analysis, both tumor size and histological grade remained statistically significant for recurrence (log rank p<0.001 and p=0.013, respectively) and overall survival (log ranks p<0.001 and p=0.016, respectively). Among the prognostic biomarkers, both ER and PR expression were associated with a decreased rate of recurrence (log ranks p<0.001 and p=0.008, respectively) and overall survival (log ranks p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively) by univariate analysis. By multivariate analysis, only the ER expression remained significantly associated with a decreased recurrence and increased overall survival (log ranks p=0.023 and p=0.002, respectively). Patients with high (>50% positive cells) or moderate (5-50% positive cells) number of LEA-135-positive cells had a lower probability (46%) of recurrence at 10 years after surgery compared to 76% in LEA-135-negative patients (log rank p<0.001) by univariate analysis. Moreover, the probability of overall survival was higher in patients with high or moderate expression of LEA-135 (46% and 47%, respectively) compared to LEA-135-negative patients (24%) by univariate analysis (log rank p=0.009). By multivariate analysis, the association remained statistically significant for recurrence (log rank p<0.001) and survival (log rank p=0.002). However, there was no significant association between LEA-135 and any of the pathological parameters, age, hormone receptor status, the mode of surgery or the form of therapy (chemo- and/or hormonal) received by this cohort of patients. The results show that an improved prognosis was directly associated with the density of LEA-135-positive cancer cells, while loss of LEA-135 expression was associated with an aggressive phenotype of cancer cells during breast cancer progression. Thus, LEA-135 expression can be implicated as a significant and independent biomarker to identify and distinguish high- from low-risk patients with lymph node-positive invasive breast cancer for an aggressive treatment. Moreover, according to the present results, LEA-135 expression appears to be associated with the tumor cells that have retained certain normal biological characteristics, leading to their lack of aggressiveness and hence a better prognosis.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Duteil, F., et al.
(författare)
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Luminescence and microstructure of Er/O co-doped Si structures grown by MBE using Er and SiO evaporation
- 2000
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Ingår i: Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. - 1369-8001 .- 1873-4081. ; 3:5-6, s. 523-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Er and O co-doped Si structures have been prepared using molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) with fluxes of Er and O obtained from Er and silicon monoxide (SiO) evaporation in high-temperature cells. The incorporation of Er and O has been studied for concentrations of up to 2×1020 and 1×1021 cm-3, respectively. Surface segregation of Er can take place, but with O co-doping the segregation is suppressed and Er-doped layers without any indication of surface segregation can be prepared. Si1-xGex and Si1-yCy layers doped with Er/O during growth at different substrate temperatures show more defects than corresponding Si layers. Strong emission at 1.54µm associated with the intra-4f transition of Er3+ ions is observed in electroluminescence (EL) at room temperature in reverse-biased p-i-n-junctions. To optimize the EL intensity we have varied the Er/O ratio and the temperature during growth of the Er/O-doped layer. Using an Er-concentration of around 1×1020 cm-3 we find that Er/O ratios of 1:2 or 1:4 give higher intensity than 1:1 while the stability with respect to breakdown is reduced for the highest used O concentrations. For increasing growth temperatures in the range 400-575 °C there is an increase in the EL intensity. A positive effect of post-annealing on the photoluminescence intensity has also been observed.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kourmouli, Niki, et al.
(författare)
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Heterochromatin and tri-methylated lysine 20 of histone H4 in animals
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Cell Science. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0021-9533 .- 1477-9137. ; 117:14, s. 2491-2501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tri-methylated lysine 20 on histone H4 (Me(3)K20H4) is a marker of constitutive heterochromatin in murine interphase and metaphase cells. Heterochromatin marked by Me(3)K20H4 replicates late during S phase of the cell cycle. Serum starvation increases the number of cells that exhibit high levels of Me(3)K20H4 at constitutive heterochromatin. Me(3)K20H4 is also present at the centromeric heterochromatin of most meiotic chromosomes during spermatogenesis and at the pseudoautosomal region, as well as at some telomeres. It is not present on the XY-body. During murine embryogenesis the maternal pronucleus contains Me(3)K20H4; Me(3)K20H4 is absent from the paternal pronucleus. On Drosophila polytene chromosomes Me(3)K20H4 is present in a `punctate pattern' at many chromosomal bands, including the chromocenter. In coccids it is present on the facultatively heterochromatinised paternal chromosome set. We also present evidence that Me(3)K20H4 is dependent upon H3-specific Suv(3)9 histone methyltransferase activity, suggesting that there may be `epigenetic cross-talk' between histones H3 and H4.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Stöger, M., et al.
(författare)
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Separation of pure elemental and oxygen influenced signal in ELNES
- 2002
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Ingår i: Ultramicroscopy. - 0304-3991 .- 1879-2723. ; 92:3-4, s. 285-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) of many elements is strongly influenced by the presence of oxygen or other elements at surfaces, grain boundaries, or in the bulk material. The presented investigation deals mainly with the influence of oxygen at the surface. A method for the separation of both, the pure bulk signal and the oxidized surface signal, was evaluated and tested on Al, Cu, Mg, and Si. A comparison of experimental data with ab initio bandstructure calculations and other proofs of the accuracy of ELNES separation are presented. Influences of error propagations were tested and are exemplarily given for Al and Si.
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| 10. |
- Wang, Hsei-Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-induced cellular reprogramming contributes to the lymphatic endothelial gene expression in Kaposi sarcoma.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 36:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The biology of Kaposi sarcoma is poorly understood because the dominant cell type in Kaposi sarcoma lesions is not known. We show by gene expression microarrays that neoplastic cells of Kaposi sarcoma are closely related to lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and that Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) infects both LECs and blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs) in vitro. The gene expression microarray profiles of infected LECs and BECs show that KSHV induces transcriptional reprogramming of both cell types. The lymphangiogenic molecules VEGF-D and angiopoietin-2 were elevated in the plasma of individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and Kaposi sarcoma. These data show that the gene expression profile of Kaposi sarcoma resembles that of LECs, that KSHV induces a transcriptional drift in both LECs and BECs and that lymphangiogenic molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma.
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| 11. |
- Wei, Tzu-Chieh, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying multipartite entanglement
- 2004
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Ingår i: Quantum communication, meaurement and computing. - : AIP. - 0735402167 ; , s. 241-244
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A natural way of quantifying the degree of entanglement for a pure quantum state is to compare how far this state is from the set of all unentangled pure states. This geometric measure of entanglement is explored for bipartite and multipartite pure and mixed states. It is determined analytically for arbitrary two-qubit mixed states and for generalized Werner and isotropic states. It is also applied to certain multipartite mixed states. including two multipartite bound entangeled states discovered by Smolin and Dur. Moreover, the geometric measure of entanglement is applied to the ground state of the Ising model in a transverse magnetic field. From this model the entanglement is shown to exhibit singular behavior at the quantum critical point.
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