| 1. |
- Dallman, M. J., et al.
(författare)
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Cytokine gene expression : analysis using northern blotting, polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization
- 1991
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Ingår i: Immunol Rev. ; 119, s. 163-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe here the use of northern blotting, PCR and in situ hybridization for the analysis of cytokine gene expression. These techniques, each with their advantages and disadvantages, have been used to monitor cytokine gene expression in sites of immune reactivity and in the developing thymus. Whilst expression of a gene usually correlates well with protein production from that gene, this may not always be the case. The development of methods to analyze protein production in situ, for instance by immunohistochemistry, together with analysis of mRNA expression will allow us to begin to understand the role of cytokines within the immune system of the intact animal.
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| 2. |
- Lindgren, Owe, et al.
(författare)
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Non-destructive wood density distribution measurements using computed tomography
- 1991
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. - 0018-3768 .- 1436-736X. ; 50:7-8, s. 295-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two computed tomography scanners have been used to acquire density profiles from five wooden test pieces. These test pieces had annual growth ring widths varying between about 0.6 mm and 3.5 mm. The two scanners employed were a medical scanner, a GE 9800 Quick scan system, and a purpose built microscanner constructed around a Rigaku D-Max II diffractometer. The results demonstrated that the annual growth rings could be resolved and density measurements could be reliably determined using the microscanner when the annual growth rings were about 0.9 mm or greater in width. The medical scanner could not satisfactorily measure density in carlywood or latewood resions even in samples where the annual growth ring width was of the order of 3.5 mm. A small difference in density measurements could be observed between the two scanners for the same specimens. The difference is attributed to calibration differences, the reconstruction algorithms used and the different geometries of the two systems; particularly in relation to the detector apertures. The larger detector size in the medical system results in too high or too low density values in the carlywood or the latewood respectively due to spatial averaging. However, the medical scanner provides satisfactory density accuracy in specimens where the density is very uniform or as long as measured areas include both carlywood and latewood. An accuracy of ±2-6 kg/m3 at 95% confidence level can then be expected.
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| 3. |
- Tufveson, G, et al.
(författare)
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Hyaluronic acid accumulation; the mechanism behind graft rejection edema.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Transplant International. - 0934-0874 .- 1432-2277. ; 5 Suppl 1, s. S688-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an important stabilizing consistuent of the loose connective tissue and regulates water homeostasis. Thus, excessive accumulation of HA in interstitial tissue immobilizes water and may thereby contribute to interstitial tissue edema. By the use of biotin labelled core protein and an avidin-enzyme system, we visualized HA in grafted rat kidney, rat heart, rat small bowel and also in human kidneys. By an extraction procedure the tissue amounts of HA were measured in the experimental grafts. Simple techniques for measuring water content were also employed. The extracellular amounts of HA increased between 100% and 350% in rejecting tissues as compared to syngeneic controls. The relative water content also increased and correlated well with the HA accumulation. The clinical value of these experimental observations was confirmed in human transplantation where rejecting kidney allografts demonstrated a highly significant increase in HA staining in the interstitium as compared to non-rejecting biopsy specimens. We therefore concluded that transplantation edema--a key features of graft rejection--is regulated by the accumulation of HA not only under experimental conditions but also in the clinical setting.
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