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| 13. |
- Andersson, Thord, et al.
(författare)
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WITAS Project at Computer Vision Laboratory; A status report (Jan 1998)
- 1998
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the SSAB symposium on image analysis. ; , s. 113-116
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- WITAS will be engaged in goal-directed basic research in the area of intelligent autonomous vehicles and other autonomous systems. In this paper an overview of the project is given together with a presentation of our research interests in the project. The current status of our part in the project is also given.
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| 14. |
- Becker, Wulf, et al.
(författare)
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Precoded food records compared with weighed food records for measuring dietary habits in a population of Swedish adults
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition/Næringsforskning. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 42:1, s. 145-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a cross-over design, 82 women and men recorded their food intake by a precoded 7-day record book (PR) including both standard portions in household measures and photographs, and a weighed 7-day record (WR), respectively. Single 24-h urine samples, for determination of nitrogen excretion, were collected for 39 subjects during the WR period. Comparing the PR to the WR method, the mean intake of some foods, as cheese, was higher, and bread and vegetables lower. For energy and nutrients, the fat energy percent (E%) was higher, and protein E%, dietary fibre, iron, thiamin, folate, carotene and α-tocopherol were all lower. Protein intake registered by the PR method was 20% lower compared to 24-h urine samples, and 11% lower for the WR method. The results indicate that some of the standard portion sizes, used by the PR method, contributed to the observed differences in food and nutrient intakes. The subjects found it easier and less time-consuming to record their food intake with the PR than with the WR method. The time spent on processing data was reduced by 50% when using the PR method. The results of the study will be used for improvements in the design of the PR for use in large-scale dietary surveys for monitoring dietary habits.
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| 15. |
- Berger, M, et al.
(författare)
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The multilayer effect in abrasion : optimising the combination of hard and tough phases
- 1999
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 116-119, s. 1138-1144
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the present investigation it is shown that the wear resistance of multilayer PVD coatings, combining relatively soft but tough chromium (Cr) and harder but more brittle chromium nitride (CrN): exceeds that of both its phases. This striking exception to
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| 18. |
- Bergqvist, David, et al.
(författare)
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Secondary aortoenteric fistula : changes from 1973 to 1993
- 1996
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 11:4, s. 425-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate a series of patients with secondary aortoenteric fistulas and compare it with a previous series (1985-93 vs. 1973-84). DESIGN: Retrospective study of medical records. SETTING: Sixteen vascular surgical centers in Sweden. PATIENTS: Twenty-seven patients were identified making an overall incidence of 0.5% of all aortoiliac operations. Among aneurysm patients the incidence was significantly lower than in the previous series. One patient record could not be identified. Fourteen primary operations were for aortic aneurysm, 12 for occlusive disease and one was an aortorenal vein bypass. RESULTS: Symptoms of the fistula occurred after a median interval of 90 months which is significantly later than the previous series (32 months; p<0.05). The commonest presentation was bleeding followed by septis. The median diagnostic delay was 10.5 days, which was significantly shorter than in the previous series. Most fistulas involved the duodenum (88%). One patient died before surgery. The postoperative mortality was 28%, significantly lower than in the previous series (58%) (p<0.05). At the end of follow up (median 43 months) significantly more patients were alive than in the previous series (42% vs 18%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Over a 21 year period there seems to have been a decrease in the frequency of secondary aortoenteric fistulas after aneurysm surgery, a longer interval before they occur, a shorter diagnostic delay, and a better survival.
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- Granlund, Gösta H., et al.
(författare)
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Low Level Operations
- 1995
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Ingår i: Signal Processing for Computer Vision. - Dordrecht : Kluwer. - 0792395301 - 9780792395300 ; , s. 97-116
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter gives an introductory treatment of operations andrepresentations for low-level features in multi-dimensional spaces. Animportant issue is how to combine contributions from several filtersto provide robust statements in accordance with certain low-levelmodels. This chapter gives an introduction to the problems ofunambiguous mappings in multi-dimensional spaces.
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| 24. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of an impaired quality of life five years after coronary artery bypass surgery
- 1999
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Ingår i: Heart. - : B M J Group. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 81:4, s. 342-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE—To identify determinants of an inferior quality of life (QoL) five years after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). SETTING—University hospital. PARTICIPANTS—Patients from western Sweden who underwent CABG between 1988 and 1991. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES—Questionnaires for evaluating QoL before CABG and five years after operation. Three different instruments were used: the Nottingham health profile (NHP), the psychological general wellbeing index (PGWI), and the physical activity score (PAS). RESULTS—2121 patients underwent CABG, of whom 310 died during five years' follow up. Information on QoL after five years was available in 1431 survivors (79%). There were three independent predictors for an inferior QoL with all three instruments: female sex, a history of diabetes mellitus, and a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Multivariate analysis showed that a poor preoperative QoL was a strong independent predictor for an impaired QoL five years after CABG. An impaired QoL was also predicted by previous disease. CONCLUSIONS—Female sex, an impaired QoL before surgery, and other diseases such as diabetes mellitus are independent predictors for an impaired QoL after CABG in survivors five years after operation.
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| 25. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of a history of diabetes mellitus on quality of life after coronary bypass grafting
- 1998
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1010-7940 .- 1873-734X. ; 12:6, s. 853-861
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe the improvement in various aspects of quality of life (QoL) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), in relation to a previous history of diabetes mellitus. PATIENTS: All patients from western Sweden who underwent CABG between 1988 and 1991 without simultaneous valve surgery. METHODS: Patients were approached with three questionnaires: The Physical Activity Score, the Nottingham Health Profile and the Psychological General Well-being Index prior to surgery and 3 months, 1 and 2 years thereafter. RESULTS: All three questionnaires already showed a significant improvement in QoL after 3 months, remaining at a similar level 1 and 2 years after the operation. In terms of Physical Activity Score improvement was of similar magnitude in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. In terms of the Psychological General Well-Being Index significant and similar improvements were found in diabetic and non-diabetic patients at each evaluation. In terms of the Nottingham Health Profile there was a significant improvement both in diabetic and non-diabetic patients 3 months, 1 and 2 years after the operation. However, improvement was more marked in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients at each evaluation. CONCLUSION: For 3 months, 1 and 2 years after CABG various aspects of QoL as estimated with three different instruments, improved significantly both in diabetic and in non-diabetic patients compared with the situation prior to the operation. However, the three instruments differed somewhat. Thus, whereas in the Physical Activity Score, diabetic patients tended to improve less markedly than non-diabetic patients, the opposite was found in the Nottingham Health Profile.
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| 26. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement in Quality of Life during 5 years after coronary artery bypass grafting
- 1998
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Ingår i: Coronary Artery Disease. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0954-6928 .- 1473-5830. ; 9:8, s. 519-526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe the changes in various aspects of quality of life (QOL) from before coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to 5 years after the procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent CABG in the western region of Sweden in 1988-1991 were approached with questionnaires evaluating their QOL prior to and 3 months and 1, 2, and 5 years after the operation. Three different instruments were used: the Nottingham Health Profile, the Psychological General Well-Being Index, and the Physical Activity Score. RESULTS: In all 2121 patients underwent CABG, of whom 310 died during 5 years of follow-up. With all three instruments QOL had improved 5 years after CABG compared with prior to the operation. However, all three instruments revealed a slight but significant deterioration in estimated QOL between 2 and 5 years after CABG. CONCLUSIONS: QOL 5 years after CABG is better than that prior to the operation, but between 2 and 5 years after the operation a slight deterioration in QOL is observed.
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| 27. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The feeling of loneliness prior to coronary artery bypass grafting might be a predictor of short and long term postoperative mortality
- 1998
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 16:2, s. 120-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of different aspects of quality of life (QL) upon mortality during short-and long-term follow-up after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). DESIGN: Prospective evaluation. MATERIALS: Consecutive patients from western Sweden who during 3 years underwent CABG. METHODS: They answered a questionnaire at the time of coronary angiography prior to CABG. Quality of life was measured with questions from the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) part I. RESULTS: In all, 1290 patients were included in the analyses. When accounting for various preoperative factors known to be independently associated with morality the NHP question "I feel lonely" was found to be associated with mortality, both at 30 days (RR 2.61; 95% CI 1.15-5.95; p = 0.02) and at 5 years (RR 1.78; 95% CI 1.17-2.71; p = 0.007) after the operation. Thirteen per cent reported they felt lonely. At 5 years was, in addition, the statement "I have difficulty climbing stairs" also independently associated with mortality (RR 1.50; 95% CI 1.02-2.22; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Among the 38 statements in NHP as a judgment of QL prior to CABG, one of them, "I feel lonely" was independently associated with survival both at 30 days and 5 years after CABG.
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| 28. |
- Hillarp, A, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular cloning of rat C4b binding protein alpha- and beta-chains : structural and functional relationships among human, bovine, rabbit, mouse, and rat proteins
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of immunology. - 0022-1767. ; 158:3, s. 23-1315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The C4b binding protein (C4BP) functions as a regulator of the complement system by interacting with the activated form of the fourth complement component, C4b. Human C4BP also interacts with the anticoagulant protein S and the serum amyloid P component (SAP). It is composed of seven identical 70-kDa alpha-chains and one 45-kDa beta-chain. The alpha-chain contains a binding site for C4b, whereas the beta-chain contains the protein S binding site. Recent studies have shown rabbit and bovine plasma to lack a C4BP-protein S complex, and the mouse beta-chain gene to have evolved into a pseudogene. Using a gel filtration chromatography system in combination with Western blotting, we detected a complex between C4BP and protein S in rat plasma, similar to the complex known in human plasma. Using purified rat C4BP and SAP we were unable to detect any complex between the two proteins, but rat C4BP was able to form a complex with human SAP. Rat cDNA clones encoding the C4BP alpha- and beta-chains were isolated from a rat liver cDNA library. The rat alpha-chain cDNA predicted a mature polypeptide chain of 545 amino acid residues, whereas the beta-chain cDNA predicted a mature polypeptide of 243 amino acid residues. The overall amino acid sequence identities between the rat alpha-chain and the mouse, human, rabbit, and bovine alpha-chains were 64, 60, 59, and 52%, respectively. The identities between the rat beta-chain and the human and bovine beta-chains were 68 and 57%, respectively. The rat represents the first non-primate species in which the C4BP-protein S interaction has been found to be conserved.
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| 29. |
- Karling, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Spectral analysis of heart rate variability in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 33:6, s. 572-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Autonomic dysfunction, both adrenergic and cholinergic, has been associated with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The accuracy of the methods in use, however, has been limited by the need for active co-operation by the patients, with consequent difficulties in standardization. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of the autonomic nervous system in patients with IBS by using spectral analysis of the heart rate variability, an accurate method depending very little on patient cooperation. METHODS: Eighteen patients with IBS were compared with 36 sex- and age-matched controls. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability was performed to quantify sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity. RESULTS: The patients with IBS had significantly higher sympathetic activity than controls (P = 0.005). There was no significant (P = 0.308) increase in parasympathetic activity. There were no significant differences in heart rate or blood pressure between the patients and controls. CONCLUSION: Spectral analysis of heart rate variability has been used to assess the function of the autonomic nervous system in patients with IBS. IBS patients have significantly increased symphathetic activity, whereas parasympathetic activity does not differ from that of controls.
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| 35. |
- Sjöland, H, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of coronary artery bypass grafting on various aspects of quality of life
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1010-7940 .- 1873-734X. ; 12:4, s. 612-619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To prospectively study the improvement in quality of life (QoL) after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients (n = 2121) who underwent CABG at Sahlgrenska University Hospital between 1988 and 1991 received 3 questionnaires for the study of QoL: the Physical Activity Score, the Nottingham Health Profile and the Psychological General Well-being Index, which were responded both before surgery and at 3 months (n = 1059), 1 year (n = 1045) and 2 years (n = 1027) postoperatively. RESULTS: All differences were tested against baseline. The Physical Activity Score improved (mean 4.3 before CABG, 3.1, 3 months after (P < 0.0001), and 2.8, 2 years postoperatively (P < 0.0001)). The Nottingham Health Profile score improved (mean 20.5 before CABG, 11.4, 3 months (P < 0.0001), and 10.4, 2 years postoperatively (P < 0.0001)). The Psychological General Well-being Index improved (mean 91.1 before CABG, 103.8, 3 months (P < 0.0001), and 105.8 (P < 0.0001), 2 years after CABG). The subscale analyses of the Nottingham Health Profile and the Psychological General Well-being Index 2 years after CABG showed the greatest improvement in areas reflecting physical capacity and pain, to be followed by mental qualities. At 2 years after CABG only sexual problems were still markedly frequent, and independent predictors for sexual problems after surgery were preoperative problems (P < 0.00001), male sex (P < 0.0001), and diabetes mellitus (P = 0.0008). CONCLUSION: QoL was markedly and significantly improved after CABG. The major improvement was seen already at 3 months, with further slight improvement observed 2 years after surgery. The major improvement was found in areas reflecting physical capacity and pain, which is consistent with symptomatic and objective measurements after CABG. In contrast to the overall improvement in QoL sexual problems were still markedly common 2 years after CABG. The mechanism for this is not fully understood and needs further investigation.
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| 36. |
- Sjöland, H, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement in quality of life and exercise capacity after coronary bypass surgery
- 1996
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Ingår i: Archives of Internal Medicine. - : American Medical Association. - 0003-9926 .- 1538-3679. ; 156:3, s. 265-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting is usually evaluated by exercise stress testing. Increased exercise capacity and reduced angina pectoris have been equated with improved quality of life, but this represents a limited view. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the effects of coronary artery bypass grafting on quality of life and exercise capacity and their interrelationship. METHODS: In a consecutive series of patients (N = 2365) who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, we administered a questionnaire to assess quality of life before and 2 years after surgery. A standardized exercise test was performed during the year before surgery and 2 years after. A preoperative exercise test was performed by 726 patients. Among these patients, 462 completed a quality-of-life questionnaire preoperatively and 578 did so postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative exercise tests were obtained from 362 patients. RESULTS: The improvement in quality of life was related to the severity of preoperative angina (P < .001) and female sex (P = .004) and was inversely related to preoperative exercise performance (P = .04). The improvement in exercise capacity was greater among men (P < .001) and was inversely related to preoperative exercise capacity (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The greatest improvement in quality of life after coronary artery bypass grafting appeared in those patients with the most impaired exercise capacity, those with the most severe angina pectoris, and women. Improvement in exercise capacity was greatest in patients with the poorest preoperative exercise capacity and in men. These findings indicate that exercise testing is of limited value as a measure of quality of life and that assessment by a questionnaire has a complementary place.
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| 37. |
- Sjöland, H, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement in various estimates of quality of life after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with and without a history of hypertension
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Ltd.. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 15:9, s. 1033-1039
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe various estimates of the quality of life (QOL) prior to and for 2 years after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for patients with a history of hypertension compared with nonhypertensives. METHODS: Patients in western Sweden in whom CABG had been performed between 1988 and 1991 participated. Their QOL was estimated from the Physical Activity Score, the Nottingham Health Profile, and the Psychological General Well-being Index. RESULTS: All three questionnaires detected a significant improvement in QOL already at 3 months, which persisted at 1 and 2 years both for hypertensive and for nonhypertensive patients. With the Physical Activity Score and the Psychological General Well-being Index the improvement in QOL of hypertension patients was less marked 3 months after the operation compared with that of nonhypertensives (P < 0.05). Two years after the CABG improvement was less marked for hypertensive patients than it was for nonhypertensive patients in terms of the Physical Activity Score (P < 0.01). With the Nottingham Health Profile the improvement was similar for hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients at each evaluation after the operation. With all three measures the results indicated that hypertensive patients had a worse QOL that did nonhypertensive patients. However, in a multivariate analysis considering other risk indicators simultaneously, a history of hypertension did not appear as an independent risk indicator for an adverse QOL 2 years after CABG. CONCLUSION: There was a significant improvement in various QOL estimates after CABG both for hypertensive and for nonhypertensive patients. The degree of improvement tended to be less marked for hypertensive patients than it was for nonhypertensive patients, especially 3 months after the operation and concerning physical activities. Hypertensives had a worse QOL than did nonhypertensives. However, the differences were small and could mainly be explained in terms of factors other than hypertension.
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| 38. |
- Sjöland, H, et al.
(författare)
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Preoperative left-ventricular ejection fraction does not influence the improvement in Quality of Life after coronary artery bypass surgery
- 1998
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Ingår i: The thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon. - : The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon. - 0171-6425 .- 1439-1902. ; 46:4, s. 198-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is an established treatment for angina pectoris which conveys relief of chest pain and improved physical performance. However, increased survival has only been observed in selected subgroups of patients with advanced coronary artery disease, particularly in the presence of depressed left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). It is therefore of interest to study whether the outcome in terms of quality of life (QoL) is also more favorable in candidates with depressed LVEF. All patients who underwent CABG without concomitant valve surgery in western Sweden between 6.1988 and 6.1991 (n = 2121) were sent questionnaires on QoL involving 3 different instruments, the Physical Activity Score, the Nottingham Health Profile, and the Psychological General Well-being Index. They were submitted before surgery and 3 times in the 2 years thereafter. QoL was improved on all postoperative occasions. The degree of improvement was not associated with preoperative LVEF for any of the instruments. The postoperative Physical Activity Score was associated with preoperative LVEF. The other instruments showed no such association with LVEF. The improvement in QoL during 2 years after CABG is not dependent on the LVEF determined prior to operation. Self-estimated physical abilities are postoperatively associated with preoperative LVEF whereas health-related QoL and general well-being are not.
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| 39. |
- Sjöland, H, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between quality of life and exercise test findings after coronary artery bypass surgery
- 1995
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 51:3, s. 221-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the correlation between quality of life and exercise testing in 554 patients 2 years after coronary artery bypass surgery. Quality of life constitutes a person's perceptions of physical and mental functional capacity, health and symptoms. Traditionally, evaluations after coronary bypass surgery have focused on physical performance, medication and anginal symptoms, which cannot be said to represent quality of life. We used the Physical Activity Score, the Nottingham Health Profile and the Psychological General Well-being Index for evaluation of quality of life. Significant correlations were found between quality of life and exercise capacity (P < 0.0001), and quality of life and chest pain at exercise for all questionnaires (P < 0.0001). Significant correlations, although of small or moderate magnitude, were found between exercise capacity, chest pain and most subscales of quality of life, with the highest correlation coefficients for dimensions reflecting physical abilities and pain. We conclude that quality of life correlates significantly with exercise capacity and chest pain during exercise 2 years after coronary bypass surgery. However, only dimensions of pain and physical performance are reasonably well correlated with exercise test results. Several aspects of quality of life are only weakly related to exercise test results and may escape identification in an exercise test.
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