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- Bager, P., et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue in out-patients with inflammatory bowel disease is common and multifactorial
- 2012
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 35:1, s. 133-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background similar to Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often complain of fatigue. Aim similar to To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of fatigue among IBD out-patients in Scandinavia and to provide normative values for fatigue in IBD patients. Methods similar to A cross-sectional study was conducted on 425 IBD patients from six out-patient centres in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Fatigue was measured using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. The patients were also screened for anaemia and iron deficiency. Each centre included approximately 5% of their IBD cohort. The patients were enrolled consecutively from the out-patient clinics, regardless of disease activity and whether the visit was scheduled. The fatigue analysis was stratified for age and gender. Results similar to Using the 95th percentile of the score of the general population as a cut-off, approximately 44% of the patients were fatigued. When comparing the IBD patients with disease activity to the IBD patients in remission, all dimensions of fatigue were statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Being anaemic or iron deficient was not associated with increased fatigue. Being a male patient with ulcerative colitis treated with corticosteroids was a strong determinant for increased fatigue. The normative ranges for IBD fatigue were calculated. Conclusions similar to Fatigue in IBD is common regardless of anaemia or iron deficiency. Fatigue in IBD is most marked for patients less than60 years of age. Stratifying for gender and age is necessary when analysing fatigue, as fatigue is expressed differently between groups.
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- Carlsen, H., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing socially disruptive technological change
- 2010
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Ingår i: Technology in society. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-791X .- 1879-3274. ; 32:3, s. 209-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The co-evolution of society and potentially disruptive technologies makes decision guidance on such technologies difficult. Four basic principles are proposed for such decision guidance. None of the currently available methods satisfies these principles, but some of them contain useful methodological elements that should be integrated in a more satisfactory methodology. The outlines of such a methodology, multiple expertise interaction, are proposed. It combines elements from several previous methodologies, including (1) interdisciplinary groups of experts that assess the potential internal development of a particular technology; (2) external scenarios describing how the surrounding world can develop in ways that are relevant for the technology in question; and (3) a participatory process of convergence seminars, which is tailored to ensure that several alternative future developments are taken seriously into account. In particular, we suggest further development of a bottom-up scenario methodology to capture the co-evolutionary character of socio-technical development paths.
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