| 1. |
- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(författare)
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Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
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| 2. |
- Aranda-Guillén, Maribel, et al.
(författare)
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A polygenic risk score to help discriminate primary adrenal insufficiency of different etiologies.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of internal medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 294:1, s. 96-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI). Despite its exceptionally high heritability, tools to estimate disease susceptibility in individual patients are lacking. We hypothesized that polygenic risk score (PRS) for AAD could help investigate PAI pathogenesis in pediatric patients.We here constructed and evaluated a PRS for AAD in 1223 seropositive cases and 4097 controls. To test its clinical utility, we reevaluated 18 pediatric patients, whose whole genome we also sequenced. We next explored the individual PRS in more than 120 seronegative patients with idiopathic PAI.The genetic susceptibility to AAD-quantified using PRS-was on average 1.5 standard deviations (SD) higher in patients compared with healthy controls (p<2e-16), and 1.2 SD higher in the young patients compared with the old (p=3e-4). Using the novel PRS, we searched for pediatric patients with strikingly low AAD susceptibility and identified cases of monogenic PAI, previously misdiagnosed as AAD. By stratifying seronegative adult patients by autoimmune comorbidities and disease duration we could delineate subgroups of PRS suggesting various disease etiologies.The PRS performed well for case-control differentiation and susceptibility estimation in individual patients. Remarkably, a PRS for AAD holds promise as a means to detect disease etiologies other than autoimmunity.
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| 3. |
- Brantnell, Anders, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of additive manufacturing in cardiology : A qualitative study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of 3D Printed Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 2666-9641. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Additive manufacturing (AM) is a fast-developing technology with possible applications in car-diology. Existing research has identified two general factors that can influence implementing AM in cardiol-ogy: economics and technology.Objective: In this study we aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to implementing AM in cardiology.Methods: We conducted a multiple case study of two Swedish cardiac surgery departments representingimplementers and non-implementers of AM. We interviewed key stakeholders (n=8) who had been or wereinvolved in implementing AM in cardiology or AM in general at the hospitals: cardiologists, physicians work-ing with AM but not specialized in cardiology such as radiologists, company representatives, and individualsinvolved in the 3D-printing facilities. A combination of an inductive and deductive approach was used to ana-lyze the interviews.Results: Several barriers and facilitators influenced implementing AM in cardiology. Most barriers (n=4) wererelated to innovation factors, whereas most facilitators (n=4) were related to healthcare professionals. No barriers and facilitators were related to patients.Conclusion: Our findings show that AM in cardiology is in its very early phases in both hospitals and mostlythe work of a few individuals. In the two hospitals studied, there were some unique differences in terms ofbarriers that could explain the low level of implementation. These barriers could be important to addresswhen supporting implementation of AM at hospitals where AM use is still low.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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GWAS for autoimmune Addison’s disease identifies multiple risk loci and highlights AIRE in disease susceptibility
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex. Low prevalence and complex inheritance have long hindered successful genetic studies. We here report the first genome-wide association study on AAD, which identifies nine independent risk loci (P < 5 × 10-8). In addition to loci implicated in lymphocyte function and development shared with other autoimmune diseases such as HLA, BACH2, PTPN22 and CTLA4, we associate two protein-coding alterations in Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) with AAD. The strongest, p.R471C (rs74203920, OR = 3.4 (2.7-4.3), P = 9.0 × 10-25) introduces an additional cysteine residue in the zinc-finger motif of the second PHD domain of the AIRE protein. This unbiased elucidation of the genetic contribution to development of AAD points to the importance of central immunological tolerance, and explains 35-41% of heritability (h2).
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| 5. |
- Falowska-Pietrzak, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of the stray radiation origin and composition at the European XFEL undulators with gafchromic films measurements and Geant4 simulations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 1056
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At EuXFEL, a stray field of ionizing radiation is present near undulator magnets which eventually can lead to their demagnetization and decreased efficiency of the Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) process. In this work we investigate both the origin and composition of the radiation field at the undulator magnets with gafchromic film measurements and Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations. Both measurements and simulations suggest that the radiation field in the upstream undulator cells comes from high-energy electrons striking the beam pipe. In addition, horizontal dose distributions at the entrance of the undulator segments depend on where the electrons hit the beam pipe. Geant4 simulations show that the radiation fluence near magnets is dominated by photons, while charged secondary electrons and positrons contribute almost entirely to the ionizing dose absorbed by magnets.
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| 6. |
- Holzapfel, Damian M., et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced thermal stability of (Ti,Al)N coatings by oxygen incorporation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal stability of protective coatings is one of the performance-defining properties for advanced cutting and forming applications as well as for energy conversion. To investigate the effect of oxygen incorporation on the high-temperature behavior of (Ti,Al)N, metastable cubic (Ti,Al)N and (Ti,Al)(OxN1-x) coatings are synthesized using reactive arc evaporation. X-ray diffraction of (Ti,Al)N and (Ti,Al)(OxN1-x) coatings reveals that spinodal decomposition is initiated at approximately 800 degrees C, while the subsequent formation of wurtzite solid solution is clearly delayed from 1000 degrees C to 1300 degrees C for (Ti,Al)(OxN1-x) compared to (Ti,Al)N. This thermal stability enhancement can be rationalized based on calculated vacancy formation energies in combination with spatially-resolved composition analysis and calorimetric data: Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atom probe tomography data indicate a lower O solubility in wurtzite solid solution compared to cubic (Ti,Al)(O,N). Hence, it is evident that for the growth of the wurtzite, AlN-rich phase in (Ti,Al)N, only mobility of Ti and Al is required, while for (Ti,Al)(O,N), in addition to mobile metal atoms, also non-metal mobility is required. Prerequisite for mobility on the non-metal sublattice is the formation of non-metal vacancies which require larger temperatures than for the metal sublattice due to significantly larger magnitudes of formation energies for the non-metal vacancies compared to the metal vacancies. This notion is consistent with calorimetry data which indicate that the combined energy necessary to form and grow the wurtzite phase is larger by a factor of approximately two in (Ti,Al)(O,N) than in (Ti,Al)N, causing the here reported thermal stability increase. (C) 2021 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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