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1.
  • Beal, Jacob, et al. (författare)
  • Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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2.
  • Kristan, Matej, et al. (författare)
  • The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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3.
  • Abbafati, Cristiana, et al. (författare)
  • 2020
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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4.
  • Guo, Jie, et al. (författare)
  • Adherence to lifestyle advice and its related cardiovascular disease risk among US adults with high cholesterol
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4577. ; 51, s. 267-273
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background & aims: Little is known about adherence to lifestyle advice from health professionals among people with high blood cholesterol, and its relationship with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to examine the proportion of adherence to lifestyle advice and its effect on lipid profile and CVD among people with high cholesterol. Methods: Within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2010, the study included adults aged ≥20 years who were recommended to improve lifestyles in diet (N = 6645), bodyweight (N = 4797), or exercise (N = 5594) due to their high cholesterol. Adherent status was self-reported through questionnaires. Lipid measurements were collected from laboratory tests. 10-year Atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk was estimated by using pooled cohort risk equations for participants aged 40–79 years. CVD mortality up to December 31, 2019 was obtained from the National Death Index. Results: The percentages of adherents were 80.9%, 80.7%, and 72.7% for eating less fat, controlling weight, and increasing exercise, respectively. The percentages of adherents for controlling weight and increasing exercise significantly increased from 1999 to 2000 to 2009–2010 (both P trend <0.05). Adherents had a higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lower total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio than non-adherents (P for difference <0.05 for all). Participants adhering to increasing exercise had a lower odds ratio of 10-year intermediate-to-high ASCVD risk (Odd ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.95) and a lower CVD mortality (Hazard ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.51–0.97) than non-adherents. Conclusions: Lifestyle advice from health staff obtained relatively high and increasing acceptability. Given the better lipid profile and lower CVD risk of adherents, health professionals should be encouraged to recommend lifestyle modifications for adults with high cholesterol in clinical practice. 
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5.
  • Li, Yaohui, et al. (författare)
  • An n-n Heterojunction Configuration for Efficient Electron Transport in Organic Photovoltaic Devices
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 33:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Selective electron transport and extraction are essential to the operation of photovoltaic devices. Electron transport layer (ETL) is therefore critical to organic photovoltaics (OPV). Herein, an ETL configuration is presented comprising a solution-processed n-n organic heterojunction to enhance electron transport and hole blocking, and boost power conversion efficiency (PCE) in OPV. Specifically, the n-n heterojunction is constructed by stacking a narrow-band n-type conjugated polymer layer (PNDIT-F3N) and a wide-band n-type conjugated molecule layer (Phen-NaDPO). Based on the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurement and numerical simulation of current density-voltage characteristics, the formation of the built-in potential is investigated. In three OPVs with different active layers, substantial improvements are observed in performance following the introduction of this ETL configuration. The performance enhancement arises from the combination of selective carrier transport properties and reduced recombination. Another contributing factor is the good film-forming quality of the new ETL configuration, where the surface energies of the related materials are well-matched. The n-n organic heterojunction represents a viable and promising ETL construction strategy for efficient OPV devices.
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6.
  • Wu, Qi-Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term exposure to major constituents of fine particulate matter and neurodegenerative diseases : a population-based survey in the Pearl River Delta Region, China
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 470
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Exposure to PM2.5 has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, with limited understanding of constituent-specific contributions.Objectives: To explore the associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents and neurodegenerative diseases.Methods: We recruited 148,274 individuals aged ≥ 60 from four cities in the Pearl River Delta region, China (2020 to 2021). We calculated twenty-year average air pollutant concentrations (PM2.5 mass, black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-) and sulfate (SO42-)) at the individuals' home addresses. Neurodegenerative diseases were determined by self-reported doctor-diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Generalized linear mixed models were employed to explore associations between pollutants and neurodegenerative disease prevalence.Results: PM2.5 and all five constituents were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of AD and PD. The observed associations generally exhibited a non-linear pattern. For example, compared with the lowest quartile, higher quartiles of BC were associated with greater odds for AD prevalence (i.e., the adjusted odds ratios were 1.81; 95% CI, 1.45–2.27; 1.78; 95% CI, 1.37–2.32; and 1.99; 95% CI, 1.54–2.57 for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively).Conclusions: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents, particularly combustion-related BC, OM, and SO42-, was significantly associated with higher prevalence of AD and PD in Chinese individuals.Environmental implication: PM2.5 is a routinely regulated mixture of multiple hazardous constituents that can lead to diverse adverse health outcomes. However, current evidence on the specific contributions of PM2.5 constituents to health effects is scarce. This study firstly investigated the association between PM2.5 constituents and neurodegenerative diseases in the moderately to highly polluted Pearl River Delta region in China, and identified hazardous constituents within PM2.5 that have significant impacts. This study provides important implications for the development of targeted PM2.5 prevention and control policies to reduce specific hazardous PM2.5 constituents.
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7.
  • Bernal, Esteban, et al. (författare)
  • Friction-Slip Curves - The Pathway From Twin-Disc Tribo Measurements To Full-Scale Locomotive Multibody Simulations
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF 2022 JOINT RAIL CONFERENCE (JRC2022). - : AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Locomotive multibody simulations are commonly used as a cost-effective tool to study, energy efficiency, wheel-rail wear, rolling contact fatigue, etc. The accuracy of the wheel-rail contact forces from multibody simulations depends on the correct modelling of the friction conditions. The friction coefficient is a function of the slip velocity, and it is influenced by several tribological parameters including, for example, material mechanical properties, environmental conditions and the presence of third body layers that vary spatially and temporally along the track. In most cases, generic friction-slip curves obtained from publications and public reports are used as inputs to the wheel-rail contact model in the locomotive simulations, as direct friction measurements using full-scale experimental set-ups are generally cost-prohibitive. A pathway to produce friction-slip curves from tribo-machine friction measurements is proposed in this paper. The pathway involves manufacturing discs from actual wheel and rail material samples to measure the traction coefficient at a spectrum of slip set points using a twin-disc tribo-machine. The tribo-machine results are scaled to be used in a locomotive multibody model that uses the modified Fastsim and a traction system co-simulation approach. Two friction curves for wet and dry conditions are processed and exemplified in a dynamic model.
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8.
  • Bernal, Esteban, et al. (författare)
  • Prediction of rail surface damage in locomotive traction operations using laboratory-field measured and calibrated data
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Engineering Failure Analysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1350-6307 .- 1873-1961. ; 135
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rail damage prediction is a complex task because it depends on numerous tribological parameters and the dynamic conditions produced by the vehicles operating at different speeds and configurations. Shakedown maps and Whole-Life-Rail-Model/T-Gamma have been used to predict rail damage, but they involve assumptions that may reduce their accuracy. This paper proposes a simulation modelling method to predict rail surface damage based on a locomotive digital twin, calibrated shakedown maps and friction measurements. The method improves the accuracy of rail damage predictions by including slip-dependent friction characteristics, co-simulation of locomotive traction mechatronic system and the mechanical properties of the wheel and rail materials measured through tensile tests. A set of operating conditions are simulated on a high-performance computing cluster, with stress results being post processed into calibrated shakedown heatmaps. The method clearly indicated the influences of the different operating conditions on rail damage for specific combinations of wheel-rail materials and vehicle-track configurations.
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9.
  • Berndt, Sonja, I, et al. (författare)
  • Distinct germline genetic susceptibility profiles identified for common non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Nature. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 36:12, s. 2835-2844
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Lymphoma risk is elevated for relatives with common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes, suggesting shared genetic susceptibility across subtypes. To evaluate the extent of mutual heritability among NHL subtypes and discover novel loci shared among subtypes, we analyzed data from eight genome-wide association studies within the InterLymph Consortium, including 10,629 cases and 9505 controls. We utilized Association analysis based on SubSETs (ASSET) to discover loci for subsets of NHL subtypes and evaluated shared heritability across the genome using Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA) and polygenic risk scores. We discovered 17 genome-wide significant loci (P < 5 × 10−8) for subsets of NHL subtypes, including a novel locus at 10q23.33 (HHEX) (P = 3.27 × 10−9). Most subset associations were driven primarily by only one subtype. Genome-wide genetic correlations between pairs of subtypes varied broadly from 0.20 to 0.86, suggesting substantial heterogeneity in the extent of shared heritability among subtypes. Polygenic risk score analyses of established loci for different lymphoid malignancies identified strong associations with some NHL subtypes (P < 5 × 10−8), but weak or null associations with others. Although our analyses suggest partially shared heritability and biological pathways, they reveal substantial heterogeneity among NHL subtypes with each having its own distinct germline genetic architecture.
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10.
  • Chen, Yi-Jing, et al. (författare)
  • Molecular Engineering of Perylene Diimide Polymers with a Robust Built-in Electric Field for Enhanced Solar-Driven Water Splitting
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The built-in electric field of the polymer semiconductors could be regulated by the dipole moment of its building blocks, thereby promoting the separation of photogenerated carriers and achieving efficient solar-driven water splitting. Herein, three perylene diimide (PDI) polymers, namely oPDI, mPDI and pPDI, are synthesized with different phenylenediamine linkers. Notably, the energy level structure, light-harvesting efficiency, and photogenerated carrier separation and migration of polymers are regulated by the orientation of PDI unit. Among them, oPDI enables a large dipole moment and robust built-in electric field, resulting in enhanced solar-driven water splitting performance. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, oPDI exhibits the highest photocurrent of 115.1 mu A cm-2 for photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution, which is 11.5 times that of mPDI, 26.8 times that of pPDI and 104.6 times that of its counterparts PDI monomer at the same conditions. This work provides a strategy for designing polymers by regulating the orientation of structural units to construct efficient solar energy conversion systems. Three perylene diimide (PDI) polymers were designed and synthesized such that the molecular orientation of the PDI units was regulated to create and modulate their built-in electric fields. Due to the large dipole moment and interfacial electric field, oPDI enables an extraordinary photocurrent density of 115.1 mu A & sdot; cm-2, which is 11.5 and 26.8 times that of mPDI and pPDI, respectively.image
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11.
  • Cheng, Yirui, et al. (författare)
  • NDFIP1 limits cellular TAZ accumulation via exosomal sorting to inhibit NSCLC proliferation
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Protein & Cell. - : Springer Nature. - 1674-800X .- 1674-8018. ; 14:2, s. 123-136
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • NDFIP1 has been previously reported as a tumor suppressor in multiple solid tumors, but the function of NDFIP1 in NSCLC and the underlying mechanism are still unknown. Besides, the WW domain containing proteins can be recognized by NDFIP1, resulted in the loading of the target proteins into exosomes. However, whether WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1, also known as TAZ) can be packaged into exosomes by NDFIP1 and if so, whether the release of this oncogenic protein via exosomes has an effect on tumor development has not been investigated to any extent. Here, we first found that NDFIP1 was low expressed in NSCLC samples and cell lines, which is associated with shorter OS. Then, we confirmed the interaction between TAZ and NDFIP1, and the existence of TAZ in exosomes, which requires NDFIP1. Critically, knockout of NDFIP1 led to TAZ accumulation with no change in its mRNA level and degradation rate. And the cellular TAZ level could be altered by exosome secretion. Furthermore, NDFIP1 inhibited proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and silencing TAZ eliminated the increase of proliferation caused by NDFIP1 knockout. Moreover, TAZ was negatively correlated with NDFIP1 in subcutaneous xenograft model and clinical samples, and the serum exosomal TAZ level was lower in NSCLC patients. In summary, our data uncover a new tumor suppressor, NDFIP1 in NSCLC, and a new exosome-related regulatory mechanism of TAZ.
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12.
  • Dan, Meng, et al. (författare)
  • A dual-interfacial system with well-defined spatially separated redox-sites for boosting photocatalytic overall H2S splitting
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947. ; 423
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Integration of high activity, selectivity, and stability is urgently desired to achieve more ideal photocatalysts. Herein, we reported the rational design of MoS2-MnS@(InxCu1-x)2S3 (M-M@IC) catalysts with dual interface to integrate separated redox sites for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen sulphide (H2S) splitting and the resource utilization of sacrificial reagents (Na2S/Na2SO3). The spatially separated reduction (MnS) and oxidation (In2S3) sites in MnS/In2S3 heterojunction, on which MoS2 and Cu were selectively loaded, can drive electrons and holes near the surface to flow along opposite directions, while the heterojunction between MnS and In2S3 inhibits the bulk charge recombination. Furthermore, the introduction of Cu atoms creates a d-band center, which favours mass diffusion of reactants/products species and greatly facilitates sunlight response. The MoS2 serves to provide abundant sites for proton reduction due to the unsaturated-sulfur-edge-rich (US-rich) nature. As a result, the M−M@IC shows a state-of-the-art visible-light photocatalytic H2 evolution rate (126.5 mmol g-1h−1), inspiring stability of >50 h, and nearly 100% selectivity toward value-added Na2S2O3 production under optimized condition. This work opens up new opportunities for the construction and design of spatially separated catalytic site in photocatalysts.
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13.
  • Dong, Yi-Min, et al. (författare)
  • Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Assessing Survival in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 1058-4838 .- 1537-6591. ; 72:4, s. 652-660
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide and continues to threaten peoples' health as well as put pressure on the accessibility of medical systems. Early prediction of survival of hospitalized patients will help in the clinical management of COVID-19, but a prediction model that is reliable and valid is still lacking. Methods. We retrospectively enrolled 628 confirmed cases of COVID-19 using positive RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. These patients were randomly grouped into a training (60%) and a validation (40%) cohort. In the training cohort, LASSO regression analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were utilized to identify prognostic factors for in-hospital survival of patients with COVID-19. A nomogram based on the 3 variables was built for clinical use. AUCs, concordance indexes (C-index), and calibration curves were used to evaluate the efficiency of the nomogram in both training and validation cohorts. Results. Hypertension, higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and increased NT-proBNP values were found to be significantly associated with poorer prognosis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The 3 predictors were further used to build a prediction nomogram. The C-indexes of the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts were 0.901 and 0.892, respectively. The AUC in the training cohort was 0.922 for 14-day and 0.919 for 21-day probability of in-hospital survival, while in the validation cohort this was 0.922 and 0.881, respectively. Moreover, the calibration curve for 14- and 21-day survival also showed high coherence between the predicted and actual probability of survival. Conclusions. We built a predictive model and constructed a nomogram for predicting in-hospital survival of patients with COVID-19. This model has good performance and might be utilized clinically in management of COVID-19.
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14.
  • Dong, Yi-Min, et al. (författare)
  • Reply to Collins et al
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 1058-4838 .- 1537-6591. ; 73:3, s. 558-559
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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15.
  • Eriksson, Kimmo, et al. (författare)
  • Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Research. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate. Little is known about peoples preferred responses to norm violations across countries. Here, in a study of 57 countries, the authors highlight cultural similarities and differences in peoples perception of the appropriateness of norm violations.
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16.
  • Gu, Yeqing, et al. (författare)
  • Consumption of ultraprocessed food and development of chronic kidney disease : the Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health and UK Biobank Cohort Studies
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1938-3207 .- 0002-9165. ; 117:2, s. 373-382
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundMany ultraprocessed food (UPF)-derived by-products may play a role in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although several studies have assessed the association of UPFs with kidney function decline or CKD in various countries, no evidence has been shown in China and the United Kingdom.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and risk of CKD in 2 large cohort studies from China and the United Kingdom.MethodsIn total, 23,775 and 102,332 participants without baseline CKD were enrolled in the Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) and UK Biobank cohort studies, respectively. Information on UPF consumption was obtained from a validated food frequency questionnaire in the TCLSIH and 24-h dietary recalls in the UK Biobank cohort. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 4.0 and 10.1 y, the incidence rates of CKD were around 1.1% and 1.7% in the TCLSIH and UK Biobank cohorts, respectively. The multivariable hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] of CKD across increasing quartiles (quartiles 1–4) of UPF consumption were 1 (reference), 1.24 (0.89, 1.72), 1.30 (0.91, 1.87), and 1.58 (1.07, 2.34) (P for trend = 0.02) in the TCLSIH cohort and 1 (reference), 1.14 (1.00, 1.31), 1.16 (1.01, 1.33), and 1.25 (1.09, 1.43) (P for trend < 0.01) in the UK Biobank cohort, respectively.ConclusionsOur finding indicated that higher UPF consumption is associated with a higher risk of CKD. Moreover, restricting UPF consumption may potentially benefit the prevention of CKD. Further clinical trials are required to clarify the causality.
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17.
  • Huang, Joyce Y., et al. (författare)
  • Circulating markers of cellular immune activation in prediagnostic blood sample and lung cancer risk in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3)
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 146:9, s. 2394-2405
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cell-mediated immune suppression may play an important role in lung carcinogenesis. We investigated the associations for circulating levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (KTR), quinolinic acid (QA) and neopterin as markers of immune regulation and inflammation with lung cancer risk in 5,364 smoking-matched case-control pairs from 20 prospective cohorts included in the international Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium. All biomarkers were quantified by mass spectrometry-based methods in serum/plasma samples collected on average 6 years before lung cancer diagnosis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for lung cancer associated with individual biomarkers were calculated using conditional logistic regression with adjustment for circulating cotinine. Compared to the lowest quintile, the highest quintiles of kynurenine, KTR, QA and neopterin were associated with a 20-30% higher risk, and tryptophan with a 15% lower risk of lung cancer (all p(trend) < 0.05). The strongest associations were seen for current smokers, where the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of lung cancer for the highest quintile of KTR, QA and neopterin were 1.42 (1.15-1.75), 1.42 (1.14-1.76) and 1.45 (1.13-1.86), respectively. A stronger association was also seen for KTR and QA with risk of lung squamous cell carcinoma followed by adenocarcinoma, and for lung cancer diagnosed within the first 2 years after blood draw. This study demonstrated that components of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway with immunomodulatory effects are associated with risk of lung cancer overall, especially for current smokers. Further research is needed to evaluate the role of these biomarkers in lung carcinogenesis and progression.
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18.
  • Huang, Shan, et al. (författare)
  • Dipyridamole enhances the anti-cancer ability of aspirin against colorectal cancer by inducing apoptosis in an unfolded protein response-dependent manner
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Cellular Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2211-3428 .- 2211-3436. ; 46:4, s. 953-967
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: Available evidence indicates that dipyridamole enhances the anti-thrombotic effects of aspirin for the prevention of secondary strokes. Aspirin is a well-known non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug. This anti-inflammatory property has turned aspirin into a potential drug for inflammation-related cancers such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we aimed to explore whether the anti-cancer effect of aspirin against CRC could be improved by combined administration with dipyridamole.METHODS: Population-based clinical data analysis was conducted to assess a possible therapeutic effect of combined dipyridamole and aspirin treatment in inhibiting CRC compared with either monotherapy. This therapeutic effect was further verified in different CRC mouse models, i.e. an orthotopic xenograft mouse model, an AOM/DSS mouse model, an Apc min/+ mouse model and a patient derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model. The in vitro effects of the drugs on CRC cells were tested using CCK8 and flow cytometry assays. RNA-Seq, Western blotting, qRT-PCR and flow cytometry were used to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: We found that dipyridamole combined with aspirin had a better inhibitory effect on CRC than either monotherapy alone. The enhanced anti-cancer effect of the combined use of dipyridamole with aspirin was found to rely on the induction of an overwhelmed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent pro-apoptotic unfolded protein response (UPR), which was different from the anti-platelet effect.CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the anti-cancer effect of aspirin against CRC may be enhanced by combined administration with dipyridamole. In case further clinical studies confirm our findings, these may be repurposed as adjuvant agents.
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19.
  • Jones, Benedict C, et al. (författare)
  • To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 5:1, s. 159-169
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .
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20.
  • Krishna, Visakh V, et al. (författare)
  • Long freight trains and long-term rail surface damage : A systems perspective
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Vehicle System Dynamics. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0042-3114 .- 1744-5159. ; , s. 1-24
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work, the authors present a detailed train-track interaction model of a long freight train operation to predict long-term rail surface damage. In addition to vehicles and track, intermediate maintenance actions in the form of cyclic grinding passes have also been modelled according to European standards to realistically represent the evolving wheel-rail interface. The influence of longitudinal train dynamics in the form of inter-vehicle interactions, traction, braking, gradients, etc is also included in this method to reflect their effect on damage evolution. The authors demonstrate that the novel ‘Train-track interaction’ formulation is more complete and therefore better suited to study long-term rail surface damage as opposed to existing ‘vehicle-track’ formulations since the former brings the system dynamics at play, significantly altering the wheel-rail interaction. A key highlight of this work is that the rail surface damage is expressed in the form of evolving rail profiles over a large tonnage passing and by depicting RCF-affected zones. This framework can be tuned into a digital twin to guide infrastructure managers regarding the condition of rail surface as a function of tonnage passage. This can in turn facilitate predictive maintenance of track depending on traffic and operation.
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21.
  • Krishna, Visakh V, et al. (författare)
  • Long freight trains & Long-term rail surface damage : Towards digital twins that enable predictive maintenance of track
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th World Congress on Railway Research (WCRR2022). - Birmingham, UK.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work, the authors present a detailed ’train-track’ interaction model of a long freight train operation topredict long-term rail surface damage. In addition to vehicles and track, intermediate maintenance actions inthe form of cyclic grinding passes have also been modelled according to EN standards to effectively representthe evolving wheel-rail interface. The influence of longitudinal train dynamics in the form of traction, braking,gradients, etc are also accounted in the method to reflect their effect on damage evolution. The two-stepmethodology consists of modules each modelling longitudinal train dynamics and long-term rail surface damagerespectively. The multi-disciplinary integrated numerical framework comprising of train, real operational casesand track attributes has been built based on principles of vehicle dynamics, tribology, and fatigue analysis. Themodel has been demonstrated for a heavy haul freight train operation on a 120 km long track section in thenorth of Sweden for which the results have been presented. Also, additional scenarios that can be expected ina real time operation with varying traction/braking, gradients etc have been considered. In the end, thisintegrated numerical framework comprising of 4 T’s namely train, track, tractive strategies, and trackmaintenance can be tuned into a digital twin to guide infrastructure managers regarding the condition of railassets as a function of tonnage passage. This can in turn facilitate predictive maintenance of track depending ontraffic and operation.
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22.
  • Le, Thanh-Tung, et al. (författare)
  • Phosphorus-doped Fe7S8@C nanowires for efficient electrochemical hydrogen and oxygen evolutions: Controlled synthesis and electronic modulation on active sites
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science & Technology. - : JOURNAL MATER SCI TECHNOL. - 1005-0302. ; 74, s. 168-175
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Developing low-cost, efficient, and stable non-precious-metal electrocatalysts with controlled crystal structure, morphology and compositions are highly desirable for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. Herein, a series of phosphorus-doped Fe7S8 nanowires integrated within carbon (P-Fe7S8@C) are rationally synthesized via a one-step phosphorization of one-dimensional (1D) Fe-based organic-inorganic nanowires. The as-obtained P-Fe7S8@C catalysts with modified electronic configurations present typical porous structure, providing plentiful active sites for rapid reaction kinetics. Density functional calculations demonstrate that the doping Fe7S8 with P can effectively enhance the electron density of Fe7S8 around the Fermi level and weaken the Fe-H bonding, leading to the decrease of adsorption free energy barrier on active sites. As a result, the optimal catalyst of P-Fe7S8-600@C exhibits a relatively low overpotential of 136 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to reach the current density of 10 mA/cm(2), and a significantly low overpotential of 210 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 20 mA/cm(2) in alkaline media. The work presented here may pave the way to design and synthesis of other prominent Fe-based catalysts for water splitting via electronic regulation. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.
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23.
  • Li, Youbing, et al. (författare)
  • Nanolaminated Ternary Transition Metal Carbide (MAX Phase)-Derived Core-Shell Structure Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Evolution Reactions in Alkaline Electrolytes
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1948-7185. ; 14:2, s. 481-488
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The development of abundant, cheap, and highly active catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is important for hydrogen production. Nanolaminate ternary transition metal carbides (MAX phases) and their derived two-dimensional transition metal carbides (MXenes) have attracted considerable interest for electrocatalyst applications. Herein, four new MAX@MXene core-shell structures (Ta2CoC@ Ta2CTx, Ta2NiC@Ta2CTx, Nb2CoC@Nb2CTx, and Nb2NiC@Nb2CTx), in which the core region is Co/Ni-MAX phases while the edge region is MXenes, have been prepared. Under alkaline electrolyte conditions, the Ta2CoC@Ta2CTx core-shell structure showed an overpotential of 239 mV and excellent stability during the HER with MXenes as the active sites. For the OER, the Ta2CoC@Ta2CTx core- shell structure showed an overpotential of 373 mV and a small Tafel plot (56 mV dec-1), which maintained a bulk crystalline structure and generated Co-based oxyhydroxides that formed by surface reconstruction as active sites. Considering rich chemical compositions and structures of MAX phases, this work provides a new strategy for designing multifunctional electrocatalysts and also paves the way for further development of MAX phase-based materials for clean energy applications.
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24.
  • Lin, Shangrong, et al. (författare)
  • Underestimated Interannual Variability of Terrestrial Vegetation Production by Terrestrial Ecosystem Models
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - 0886-6236. ; 37:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Vegetation gross primary production (GPP) is the largest terrestrial carbon flux and plays an important role in regulating the carbon sink. Current terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs) are indispensable tools for evaluating and predicting GPP. However, to which degree the TEMs can capture the interannual variability (IAV) of GPP remains unclear. With large data sets of remote sensing, in situ observations, and predictions of TEMs at a global scale, this study found that the current TEMs substantially underestimate the GPP IAV in comparison to observations at global flux towers. Our results also showed the larger underestimations of IAV in GPP at nonforest ecosystem types than forest types, especially in arid and semiarid grassland and shrubland. One cause of the underestimation is that the IAV in GPP predicted by models is strongly dependent on canopy structure, that is, leaf area index (LAI), and the models underestimate the changes of canopy physiology responding to climate change. On the other hand, the simulated interannual variations of LAI are much less than the observed. Our results highlight the importance of improving TEMs by precisely characterizing the contribution of canopy physiological changes on the IAV in GPP and of clarifying the reason for the underestimated IAV in LAI. With these efforts, it may be possible to accurately predict the IAV in GPP and the stability of the global carbon sink in the context of global climate change.
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25.
  • Liu, Hao, et al. (författare)
  • X-ray spectral evolution in an X-ray changing-look AGN NGC 1365 with variable column density
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1674-4527. ; 21:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • X-ray changing-look active galactic nuclei (CL AGNs) are a subpopulation of AGNs, whose line-of-sight column densities increase/decrease within several years. The physical mechanism for the variation of column density is unclear. We reduce the X-ray data from XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations for a CL AGN NGC 1365 with strong variation of column densities. The X-ray spectrum quickly softens as the X-ray luminosity increases and optical-to-X-ray spectral index also increases as increasing of optical luminosity. These results support that NGC 1365 also undergoes strong spectral evolution as that recently suggested for the optically selected CL AGNs with reappearance/disappearance of broad emission lines. Therefore, the variation of column density may be driven by the variable disk winds during the strong evolution of disk/corona.
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26.
  • Lu, Qian, et al. (författare)
  • Pricing strategy research in the dual-channel pharmaceutical supply chain considering service
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Public Health. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2565. ; 12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the context of developing a new era, the pharmaceutical supply chain market has gradually transformed from a seller’s market to a buyer’s market. The closer the consumers are, the greater the market pricing power, so the pharmaceutical market power of manufacturers and retailers has also changed. This study considers the effect of service on the pricing strategy of the pharmaceutical platform supply chain. The study aimed to coordinate optimization, and the coordination strategy of the pharmaceutical platform supply chain of complementary products is discussed mainly by researching the price and service factors. Various situations are studied by hypothesis and model solving. This study uses Stackelberg game decision-making. Manufacturers are at the forefront of platform supply chain decisions. The research found that the price was lower under centralized decision-making than under decentralized decision-making. Coordination between price and service levels needs attention in the pharmaceutical platform supply chain of complementary products, and the service level should be controlled within a certain range. Only by improving the service level can enterprises maximize profits, providing a theoretical basis for pharmaceutical supply chain pricing strategy research. Supply chain members must strive to improve service levels to improve medical supply consumers’ (patients) psychological satisfaction level. Service levels do not fully mitigate channel conflict. Therefore, pharmaceutical complements have become a way to alleviate the conflicts in the pharmaceutical platform supply chain.
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27.
  • Mahajan, Anubha, et al. (författare)
  • Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 54:5, s. 560-572
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We assembled an ancestrally diverse collection of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 180,834 affected individuals and 1,159,055 controls (48.9% non-European descent) through the Diabetes Meta-Analysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) Consortium. Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identified 237 loci attaining stringent genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-9)), which were delineated to 338 distinct association signals. Fine-mapping of these signals was enhanced by the increased sample size and expanded population diversity of the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, which localized 54.4% of T2D associations to a single variant with >50% posterior probability. This improved fine-mapping enabled systematic assessment of candidate causal genes and molecular mechanisms through which T2D associations are mediated, laying the foundations for functional investigations. Multi-ancestry genetic risk scores enhanced transferability of T2D prediction across diverse populations. Our study provides a step toward more effective clinical translation of T2D GWAS to improve global health for all, irrespective of genetic background. Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.
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28.
  • Mandal, Nirmal Kumar, et al. (författare)
  • FEA of mechanical behaviour of insulated rail joints due to vertical cyclic wheel loadings
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Engineering Failure Analysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1350-6307 .- 1873-1961. ; 133, s. 105966-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Insulated rail joints (IRJs), safety critical components of railway track, are used to locate trains and broken rails using electrical signalling systems. The bending rigidity of the rail at an IRJ is only 2/3(rds) as that of continuous rail. As a result, stress singularity problems occur at IRJs which therefore degrade faster compared to the continuous rail. Both railhead top surface and subsurface damage occurs and accelerates the initiation of cracks. Head hardened rails are used to overcome these problems. A thorough study addresses the damage pattern in the railhead sub-surface using a 3D finite element analysis (FEA) employing vertical wheel loadings considering three endpost materials: fibre glass (fb), nylon 66 (ny) and polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe). A new damage parameter, the vertical residual stress component, is proposed to assess new patterns of railhead damage considering plastic deformation. To rank the influential stress related damage parameters, two other parameters are also considered, namely residual von-Mises and longitudinal stress components. Of these, the residual von-Mises stress component is more prominent with regard to the top surface and sub-surface damage, whereas the longitudinal stress component is responsible for top surface material damage. From these damage patterns, a progressive change in the hardness distribution of railhead material can evolve.
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29.
  • Polewko-Klim, A, et al. (författare)
  • Identification of Candidate Therapeutic Genes for More Precise Treatment of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in genetics. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-8021. ; 13, s. 844542-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The standard therapy administered to patients with advanced esophageal cancer remains uniform, despite its two main histological subtypes, namely esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC), are being increasingly considered to be different. The identification of potential drug target genes between SCC and AC is crucial for more effective treatment of these diseases, given the high toxicity of chemotherapy and resistance to administered medications. Herein we attempted to identify and rank differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SCC vs. AC using ensemble feature selection methods. RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences (China). Six feature filters algorithms were used to identify DEGs. We built robust predictive models for histological subtypes with the random forest (RF) classification algorithm. Pathway analysis also be performed to investigate the functional role of genes. 294 informative DEGs (87 of them are newly discovered) have been identified. The areas under receiver operator curve (AUC) were higher than 99.5% for all feature selection (FS) methods. Nine genes (i.e., ERBB3, ATP7B, ABCC3, GALNT14, CLDN18, GUCY2C, FGFR4, KCNQ5, and CACNA1B) may play a key role in the development of more directed anticancer therapy for SCC and AC patients. The first four of them are drug targets for chemotherapy and immunotherapy of esophageal cancer and involved in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathways. Research identified novel DEGs in SCC and AC, and detected four potential drug targeted genes (ERBB3, ATP7B, ABCC3, and GALNT14) and five drug-related genes.
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30.
  • Razavi-Shearer, Devin M., et al. (författare)
  • Adjusted estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus in 25 countries and territories
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY. - 0168-8278 .- 1600-0641. ; 80:2, s. 232-242
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background & Aims: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite RNA virus that requires the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for assembly and propagation. Individuals infected with HDV progress to advanced liver disease faster than HBV-monoinfected individuals. Recent studies have estimated the global prevalence of anti-HDV antibodies among the HBV-infected population to be 5-15%. This study aimed to better understand HDV prevalence at the population level in 25 countries/territories. Methods: We conducted a literature review to determine the prevalence of anti-HDV and HDV RNA in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals in 25 countries/territories. Virtual meetings were held with experts from each setting to discuss the findings and collect unpublished data. Data were weighted for patient segments and regional heterogeneity to estimate the prevalence in the HBV-infected population. The findings were then combined with The Polaris Observatory HBV data to estimate the anti-HDV and HDV RNA prevalence in each country/territory at the population level. Results: After adjusting for geographical distribution, disease stage and special populations, the anti-HDV prevalence among the HBsAg+ population changed from the literature estimate in 19 countries. The highest anti-HDV prevalence was 60.1% in Mongolia. Once adjusted for the size of the HBsAg+ population and HDV RNA positivity rate, China had the highest absolute number of HDV RNA+ cases. Conclusions: We found substantially lower HDV prevalence than previously reported, as prior meta-analyses primarily focused on studies conducted in groups/regions that have a higher probability of HBV infection: tertiary care centers, specific risk groups or geographical regions. There is large uncertainty in HDV prevalence estimates. The implementation of reflex testing would improve estimates, while also allowing earlier linkage to care for HDV RNA+ individuals. The logistical and economic burden of reflex testing on the health system would be limited, as only HBsAg+ cases would be screened.
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31.
  • Tse, Yi-Kei, et al. (författare)
  • Morphological and functional types of tricuspid regurgitation : prognostic value in patients undergoing tricuspid annuloplasty during left-sided valvular surgery
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Clinical Research in Cardiology. - : Springer. - 1861-0684 .- 1861-0692. ; 112:10, s. 1463-1474
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background The nonuniform benefit of tricuspid annuloplasty may be explained by the proportionality of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) severity to right ventricular (RV) area. The purpose of this study was to delineate distinct morphological phenotypes of functional TR and investigate their prognostic implications in patients undergoing tricuspid annuloplasty during left-sided valvular surgery. Methods The ratios of pre-procedural effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) with right ventricular end-diastolic area ( RVDA) were retrospectively assessed in 290 patients undergoing tricuspid annuloplasty. Based on optimal thresholds derived from penalized splines and maximally selected rank statistics, patients were stratified into proportionate (EROA/RVDA ratio <= 1.74) and disproportionate TR (EROA/RVDA ratio > 1.74). Results Overall, 59 (20%) and 231 (80%) patients had proportionate and disproportionate TR, respectively. Compared to those with proportionate TR, patients with disproportionate TR were older, had a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation, lower pulmonary pressures, more impaired RV function, and larger tricuspid leaflet tenting area. Over a median follow-up of 4.1 years, 79 adverse events (47 heart failure hospitalizations and 32 deaths) occurred. Patients with disproportionate TR had higher rates of adverse events than those with proportionate TR (32% vs 10%; P = 0.001) and were independently associated with poor outcomes on multivariate analysis. TR proportionality outperformed guideline-based classification of TR severity in outcome prediction and provided incremental prognostic value to both the EuroSCORE II and STS score (incremental chi(2) = 6.757 and 9.094 respectively; both P < 0.05). Conclusions Disproportionate TR is strongly associated with adverse prognosis and may aid patient selection and risk stratification for tricuspid annuloplasty with left-sided valvular surgery.
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32.
  • Wang, Mingyi, et al. (författare)
  • Rapid growth of new atmospheric particles by nitric acid and ammonia condensation
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 581:7807, s. 184-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper New-particle formation is a major contributor to urban smog(1,2), but how it occurs in cities is often puzzling(3). If the growth rates of urban particles are similar to those found in cleaner environments (1-10 nanometres per hour), then existing understanding suggests that new urban particles should be rapidly scavenged by the high concentration of pre-existing particles. Here we show, through experiments performed under atmospheric conditions in the CLOUD chamber at CERN, that below about +5 degrees Celsius, nitric acid and ammonia vapours can condense onto freshly nucleated particles as small as a few nanometres in diameter. Moreover, when it is cold enough (below -15 degrees Celsius), nitric acid and ammonia can nucleate directly through an acid-base stabilization mechanism to form ammonium nitrate particles. Given that these vapours are often one thousand times more abundant than sulfuric acid, the resulting particle growth rates can be extremely high, reaching well above 100 nanometres per hour. However, these high growth rates require the gas-particle ammonium nitrate system to be out of equilibrium in order to sustain gas-phase supersaturations. In view of the strong temperature dependence that we measure for the gas-phase supersaturations, we expect such transient conditions to occur in inhomogeneous urban settings, especially in wintertime, driven by vertical mixing and by strong local sources such as traffic. Even though rapid growth from nitric acid and ammonia condensation may last for only a few minutes, it is nonetheless fast enough to shepherd freshly nucleated particles through the smallest size range where they are most vulnerable to scavenging loss, thus greatly increasing their survival probability. We also expect nitric acid and ammonia nucleation and rapid growth to be important in the relatively clean and cold upper free troposphere, where ammonia can be convected from the continental boundary layer and nitric acid is abundant from electrical storms(4,5).
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33.
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34.
  • Wang, Yupei, et al. (författare)
  • Combined amniotic membrane and self-powered electrical stimulator bioelectronic dress promotes wound healing
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 16:13, s. 15809-15818
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human amniotic membranes (hAMs) are widely used as wound management biomaterials, especially as grafts for corneal reconstruction due to the structure of the extracellular matrix and excellent biological properties. However, their fragile nature and rapid degradation rate hinder widespread clinical use. In this work, we engineered a novel self-powered electronic dress (E-dress), combining the beneficial properties of an amniotic membrane and a flexible electrical electrode to enhance wound healing. The E-dress displayed a sustained discharge capacity, leading to increased epidermal growth factor (EGF) release from amniotic mesenchymal interstitial stem cells. Live/dead staining, CCK-8, and scratch-wound-closure assays were performed in vitro. Compared with amniotic membrane treatment alone, the E-dress promoted cell proliferation and migration of mouse fibroblast cells and lower cytotoxicity. In a mouse full-skin defect model, the E-dress achieved significantly accelerated wound closure. Histological analysis revealed that E-dress treatment promoted epithelialization and neovascularization in mouse skin. The E-dress exhibited a desirable flexibility that aligned with tissue organization and displayed maximum bioactivity within a short period to overcome rapid degradation, implying great potential for clinical applications.
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35.
  • Wang, Yangong, et al. (författare)
  • Exome sequencing reveals genetic heterogeneity and clinically actionable findings in children with cerebral palsy
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: NATURE MEDICINE. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 30, s. 1395-1405
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in children. To ascertain the role of major genetic variants in the etiology of CP, we conducted exome sequencing on a large-scale cohort with clinical manifestations of CP. The study cohort comprised 505 girls and 1,073 boys. Utilizing the current gold standard in genetic diagnostics, 387 of these 1,578 children (24.5%) received genetic diagnoses. We identified 412 pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants across 219 genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, and 59 P/LP copy number variants. The genetic diagnostic rate of children with CP labeled at birth with perinatal asphyxia was higher than the rate in children without asphyxia (P = 0.0033). Also, 33 children with CP manifestations (8.5%, 33 of 387) had findings that were clinically actionable. These results highlight the need for early genetic testing in children with CP, especially those with risk factors like perinatal asphyxia, to enable evidence-based medical decision-making. Using exome sequencing data from one of the largest cohorts of children with cerebral palsy, the genetic diagnostic rates of single-nucleotide and copy number variants were assessed and a sizeable fraction found to be clinically actionable.
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36.
  • Wu, Jingnan, et al. (författare)
  • Carboxylate substituted pyrazine: A simple and low-cost building block for novel wide bandgap polymer donor enables 15.3% efficiency in organic solar cells
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-2855. ; 82
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In addition to high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and good stability, the low-cost of photovoltaic materials is also very important for the practical application of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we synthesized a carboxylate substituted pyrazine-based electron-deficient building block (DTCPz) with a simple structure and low synthetic cost, and then developed a novel wide bandgap polymer donor PFBCPZ. Due to the synergistic electron-withdrawing effects of the fluorination in donor unit (BDT-TF) and esterification and C=N double-bond in DTCPz unit, PFBCPZ shows a deeper HOMO level of −5.60 eV, a strong intermolecular π-π interaction, good crystallinity and stacking, and high hole-mobility of 2.11 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1. Matched with a low bandgap acceptor IT-4F, excellent charge transfer, weak recombination, and small non-radiative energy loss in OSCs was achieved, resulting in an impressive fill factor of 0.785 and a high open-circuit voltage of 0.92 V. As a result, a PCE of up to 15.3% is obtained in OSCs, which is the highest value in the IT-4F-based binary OSCs so far and indicates that low-cost DTCPz with a simple structure is a promising building block to construct high-performance polymer donors for application in efficient OSCs.
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37.
  • Wu, Juan, et al. (författare)
  • GEDI : A New LiDAR Altimetry to Obtain the Water Levels of More Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. - 1939-1404. ; 16, s. 4024-4038
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Remote sensing is an effective means for lake water level monitoring on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The purpose of this study is to estimate water levels of lakes on the TP using the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) and Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2), evaluate the performance of ICESat-2 and GEDI in estimating water levels, and analyze the differences of water level obtained by the two altimeters. The results showed that the average coefficient of determination (R2) values between the estimated water levels (GEDI and ICESat-2) and the datasets (DAHITI and Hydroweb) were greater than 0.80, respectively. The water level of DAHITI and Hydroweb are mainly from radar nadir altimeters. The average root mean square error (RMSE) between GEDI and DAHITI was 0.54 m, between GEDI and Hydroweb was 0.38 m for Qinghai Lake. The average RMSE of Qinghai Lake between ICESat-2 and DAHITI was 0.50 m, and between ICESat-2 and Hydroweb was 0.28 m. The comparison results showed that the accuracy of GEDI seems to be slightly lower than that of ICESate-2. The main impact indicators of the difference between the GEDI and ICESat-2 in lake level estimations were the viewing angles (VAs), solar elevation, air temperature, and wind. From 2019 to 2021, GEDI covered 770 more lakes than ICESat-2, and the lake level fluctuation mainly occurred in the Inner Plateau and Yangtze basins. The GEDI can effectively estimate lake levels, which provides more water levels for lakes and lays a foundation for future research on the TP.
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38.
  • Wu, Qing, et al. (författare)
  • Heavy haul rail/wheel wear and RCF assessments using 3D train models and a new wear map
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 538-539
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Wear and Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) on wheels and rails are influenced by relative motions between the studied rail and wheel pair, and therefore influenced by train dynamics. Wear and RCF assessments using a train dynamics approach provide more accurate and comprehensive results comparing with conventional assessments that often do not consider train dynamics. In addition, considering material property differences, currently available rail wear maps are not able to accurately describe the wear performance of materials that have significantly different properties. This paper presented a method for rail/wheel wear and RCF assessments using 3D train dynamics models. The use of train models allows the consideration of coupler forces, traction, and brakes during the assessment. Wear assessments were conducted by using an in-house rail wear map model developed from the twin disc wear machine at the Centre for Railway Engineering (CRE). The new rail wear map was developed by using the AS 60 rail material (hardness 340 HB). The results indicated that the methods proposed in this paper could be used for rail/wheel wear and RCF assessments. Traction/braking forces and coupler lateral forces had evident influences on wear and RCF assessment. Different wear maps were also shown to have significant influences on the wear rate results.
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39.
  • Wu, Qing, et al. (författare)
  • RAIL/WHEEL WEAR AND RCF ASSESSMENTS USING 3D TRAIN MODELS AND A NEW WEAR MAP
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: CM 2022. - : International Conference on Contact Mechanics of Wheel / Rail Systems. ; , s. 217-222
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Wear and Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) on wheels and rails are influenced by relative motions between the studied rail and wheel pair, and therefore influenced by train dynamics as well. Wear and RCF assessments by suing train dynamics provide more accurate and comprehensive results. In addition, considering material property differences, previous rail wear maps may not be able to accurately describe the wear performance of materials that have significantly different properties. This paper presents a method for rail/wheel wear and RCF assessments using 3D train dynamics models. The use of train models allows the consideration of coupler forces, traction, and brakes during the assessment. Wear assessments were conducted by using an in-house rail wear map model developed for a twin disc wear machine at the Centre for Railway Engineering (CRE). The new rail wear map was developed by using the AS 60 rail material. Results show that the older BS11 rail material wear rate regimes and transitions are evidently different to the wear behaviour measured for AS60 rail material.
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40.
  • Wu, Sherry Jingjing, et al. (författare)
  • Cortical somatostatin interneuron subtypes form cell-type-specific circuits
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Neuron. - : Cell Press. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 111:17, s. 2675-2692
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The cardinal classes are a useful simplification of cortical interneuron diversity, but such broad subgroupings gloss over the molecular, morphological, and circuit specificity of interneuron subtypes, most notably among the somatostatin interneuron class. Although there is evidence that this diversity is functionally relevant, the circuit implications of this diversity are unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we designed a series of genetic strategies to target the breadth of somatostatin interneuron subtypes and found that each subtype possesses a unique laminar organization and stereotyped axonal projection pattern. Using these strategies, we examined the afferent and efferent connectivity of three subtypes (two Martinotti and one non-Martinotti) and demonstrated that they possess selective connectivity with intratelecephalic or pyramidal tract neurons. Even when two subtypes targeted the same pyramidal cell type, their synaptic targeting proved selective for particular dendritic compartments. We thus provide evidence that subtypes of somatostatin interneurons form cell-type-specific cortical circuits.
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41.
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42.
  • Yuan, Kunxiaojia, et al. (författare)
  • Causality guided machine learning model on wetland CH4 emissions across global wetlands
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. - : Elsevier. - 0168-1923 .- 1873-2240. ; 324
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Wetland CH4 emissions are among the most uncertain components of the global CH4 budget. The complex nature of wetland CH4 processes makes it challenging to identify causal relationships for improving our understanding and predictability of CH4 emissions. In this study, we used the flux measurements of CH4 from eddy covariance towers (30 sites from 4 wetlands types: bog, fen, marsh, and wet tundra) to construct a causality-constrained machine learning (ML) framework to explain the regulative factors and to capture CH4 emissions at sub -seasonal scale. We found that soil temperature is the dominant factor for CH4 emissions in all studied wetland types. Ecosystem respiration (CO2) and gross primary productivity exert controls at bog, fen, and marsh sites with lagged responses of days to weeks. Integrating these asynchronous environmental and biological causal relationships in predictive models significantly improved model performance. More importantly, modeled CH4 emissions differed by up to a factor of 4 under a +1C warming scenario when causality constraints were considered. These results highlight the significant role of causality in modeling wetland CH(4 )emissions especially under future warming conditions, while traditional data-driven ML models may reproduce observations for the wrong reasons. Our proposed causality-guided model could benefit predictive modeling, large-scale upscaling, data gap-filling, and surrogate modeling of wetland CH4 emissions within earth system land models.
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43.
  • Yun, Hanbo, et al. (författare)
  • Changes in above- versus belowground biomass distribution in permafrost regions in response to climate warming
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - 0027-8424. ; 121:25
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Permafrost regions contain approximately half of the carbon stored in land ecosystems and have warmed at least twice as much as any other biome. This warming has influenced vegetation activity, leading to changes in plant composition, physiology, and biomass storage in aboveground and belowground components, ultimately impacting ecosystem carbon balance. Yet, little is known about the causes and magnitude of long-term changes in the above- to belowground biomass ratio of plants (η). Here, we analyzed η values using 3,013 plots and 26,337 species-specific measurements across eight sites on the Tibetan Plateau from 1995 to 2021. Our analysis revealed distinct temporal trends in η for three vegetation types: a 17% increase in alpine wetlands, and a decrease of 26% and 48% in alpine meadows and alpine steppes, respectively. These trends were primarily driven by temperature-induced growth preferences rather than shifts in plant species composition. Our findings indicate that in wetter ecosystems, climate warming promotes aboveground plant growth, while in drier ecosystems, such as alpine meadows and alpine steppes, plants allocate more biomass belowground. Furthermore, we observed a threefold strengthening of the warming effect on η over the past 27 y. Soil moisture was found to modulate the sensitivity of η to soil temperature in alpine meadows and alpine steppes, but not in alpine wetlands. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the processes driving the response of biomass distribution to climate warming, which is crucial for predicting the future carbon trajectory of permafrost ecosystems and climate feedback.
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44.
  • Yun, Hanbo, et al. (författare)
  • Warming and Increased Respiration Have Transformed an Alpine Steppe Ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau From a Carbon Dioxide Sink Into a Source
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. - 2169-8953 .- 2169-8961. ; 127:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cold region ecosystems store vast amounts of soil organic carbon (C), which upon warming and decomposition can affect the C balance and potentially change these ecosystems from C sinks to carbon dioxide (CO2) sources. We quantified the decadal year-round CO2 flux from an alpine steppe-ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau using eddy covariance and automatic chamber approaches during a period of significant warming (0.13°C per 10 years; and 0.18°C in the non-growing season alone: 1st October to next 30th April). The results showed that ongoing climate change, mainly warming within the topsoil layers, is the main reason for the site’s change from a sink for to a source of CO2 in the atmosphere. Non-growing-season ecosystem respiration accounted for 51% of the annual ecosystem respiration and has increased significantly. The growing seasons (1st May to 30th September) were consistent CO2 sink periods without significant changes over the study period. Observations revealed high-emission events from the end of the non-growing season to early in the growing season (1st March to fifteenth May), which significantly (p < 0.01) increased at a rate of 22.6 g C m−2 decade−1, ranging from 14.6 ± 10.7 g C m−2 yr−1 in 2012 to 35.3 ± 12.1 g C m−2 yr−1 in 2017. Structural equation modeling suggested that active layer warming was the key factor in explaining changes in ecosystem respiration, leading to significant changes in net ecosystem exchange over the period 2011–2020 and indicated that these changes have already transformed the ecosystem from a CO2 sink into a source. These results can be used to improve our understanding of the sensitivity of ecosystem respiration to increased warming during the non-growing period.
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45.
  • Zhang, Haoran, et al. (författare)
  • 1.6 Million transactions replicate distributed PV market slowdown by COVID-19 lockdown
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 283
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Solar PV has seen a spectacular market development in recent years and has become a cost competitive source of electricity in many parts of the world. Yet, prospective observations show that the coronavirus pandemic could impact renewable energy projects, especially in the distributed market. Tracking and attributing the economic footprint of COVID-19 lockdowns in the photovoltaic sector poses a significant research challenge. Based on millions of financial transaction records and 44 thousand photovoltaic installation records, we tracked the spatiotemporal sale network of the distributed photovoltaic market and explored the extent of market slowdown. We found that a two-month lockdown duration can be assessed as a high-risk threshold value. When the lockdown duration exceeds the threshold value, the monthly value-added loss reaches 67.7%, and emission reduction capacity is cut by 64.2% over the whole year. We show that risks of a slowdown in PV deployment due to COVID19 lockdowns can be mitigated by comprehensive incentive strategies for the distributed PV market amid market uncertainties.
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46.
  • Zhang, Li, et al. (författare)
  • Serum immunoglobulin concentrations and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults : a prospective cohort study from the TCLSIH study
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: BMC Immunology. - 1471-2172. ; 25:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation played an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Prospective studies on the link between immunoglobulins concentrations and the risk of T2DM in adults are limited. We developed a cohort study including 7,093 adults without T2DM history. The incidence of T2DM was 16.45 per 1,000 person-years. Compared with the lowest quartiles, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of T2DM for the highest quartiles of IgG, IgE, IgM and IgA were 0.64 (0.48–0.85), 0.94 (0.72–1.23), 0.68 (0.50–0.92) and 1.62 (1.24–2.11) (P for trend was < 0.01, 0.84, 0.02 and < 0.0001), respectively, suggesting that serum IgG and IgM concentrations were inversely associated with the incidence of T2DM, and IgA levels were positively associated with the risk of T2DM in a general adult population.
  •  
47.
  • Zhang, Shunming, et al. (författare)
  • Added sugar intake and its forms and sources in relation to risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease : results from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health cohort study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 129:12, s. 2094-2101
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It has been suggested that added sugar intake is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, previous studies only focused on sugar-sweetened beverages; the evidence for associations with total added sugars and their sources is scarce. This study aimed to examine the associations of total added sugars, their physical forms (liquid vs. solid), and food sources with risk of NAFLD among adults in Tianjin, China. We used data from 15,538 participants, free of NAFLD, other liver diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes at baseline (2013-2018 years). Added sugar intake was estimated from a validated 100-item food frequency questionnaire. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography after exclusion of other causes of liver diseases. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to calculate hazards ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NAFLD risk with added sugar intake. During a median follow-up of 4.2 years, 3,476 incident NAFLD cases were documented. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index and its change from baseline to follow-up, lifestyle factors, personal and family medical history, and overall diet quality, the multivariable HRs (95% CIs) of NAFLD risk were 1.18 (1.06, 1.32) for total added sugars, 1.20 (1.08, 1.33) for liquid added sugars, and 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) for solid added sugars when comparing the highest quartiles of intake with the lowest quartiles of intake. In this prospective cohort of Chinese adults, higher intakes of total added sugars and liquid added sugars, but not solid added sugars, were associated with a higher risk of NAFLD.
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48.
  • Zhang, Shunming, et al. (författare)
  • Adherence to a healthy lifestyle including sleep and sedentary behaviors and risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in Chinese adults
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - 0091-7435. ; 184
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: Various lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol, physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet quality, sleep behavior, and overweight have been related to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD); however, their joint impact on risk of MASLD is not well known. We prospectively investigated the association between a combination of lifestyle factors and risk of MASLD. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 13,303 participants (mean age: 39.1 ± 11.3 years, female: 60.1%) in China. A novel healthy lifestyle score was created combining seven healthy factors: not smoking, no alcohol intake, regular physical activity, short sedentary time, healthy diet, healthy sleep, and healthy weight. Incident MASLD cases were ascertained annually by liver ultrasound and cardiometabolic risk factors. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of healthy lifestyle score with risk of MASLD. Results: Within 48,036 person-years of follow-up, 2823 participants developed MASLD. After adjusting for age, sex, education, occupation, household income, personal and family history of disease, and total energy intake, compared with participants with 0–2 healthy lifestyle factors, the multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of MASLD were 0.81 (0.73, 0.89), 0.67 (0.61, 0.75), and 0.55 (0.49, 0.62) for healthy lifestyle score of 3, 4, and 5–7, respectively (P for trend <0.0001). Such associations were consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Our results indicate that a higher healthy lifestyle score is associated with a lower risk of MASLD.
  •  
49.
  • Zhang, Shunming, et al. (författare)
  • Dairy intake and risk of type 2 diabetes : results of a large prospective cohort
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Food & Function. - 2042-6496. ; 14:21, s. 9695-9706
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and aims: Previous studies of primarily Western populations have consistently documented a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among people with a higher yogurt intake, but an inconsistent association with milk intake. However, little is known about the association between dairy intake and risk of T2D among Chinese adults who consume considerably less dairy (mainly milk and yogurt) compared with Western populations. The aim is to investigate the associations of dairy intake with the risk of incident T2D in the general adult population in China. Methods: This cohort study consisted of 22 843 participants without prevalent cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes at the baseline. Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire at the baseline (2013-2018); dairy intake was categorized into tertiles after zero consumers were taken as the reference. Incident T2D was ascertained by medical examinations and self-report of physician-diagnosed diabetes during follow-up visits. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: In total, 735 incident T2D cases were recorded over a median follow-up of 4.0 years. Relative to zero consumers, the HRs (95% CIs) for incident T2D among participants in the highest tertiles were 0.70 (0.57, 0.87) for total dairy, 0.73 (0.60, 0.90) for milk, and 0.81 (0.66, 1.00) for yogurt. Such associations were slightly attenuated by additional adjustment for the body mass index. In addition, such inverse associations were robust in sensitivity analyses and consistent in most of the subgroups defined by baseline characteristics. Conclusion: Higher intakes of total dairy, milk, and yogurt were all associated with a lower risk of T2D among Chinese adults.
  •  
50.
  • Zhang, Shunming, et al. (författare)
  • Inflammatory potential of diet and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease : a prospective cohort study
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 76:8, s. 1125-1132
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background/objectives: Diet is an important factor that can exacerbate or ameliorate chronic inflammation, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, no prospective study has yet investigated the relation between the inflammatory potential of diet and NAFLD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet and the risk of NAFLD. Subject/methods: The study included 12,877 participants aged over 18 years (mean [standard deviation]: 39.4 [11.5] years). Dietary intake was assessed at baseline through food frequency questionnaires. Using white blood cell count as the inflammatory marker, we newly created a dietary inflammatory potential score by reduced rank regression and stepwise linear regression. NAFLD was identified by abdominal ultrasound during yearly health checkups. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between the dietary inflammatory potential score and the risk of NAFLD. Results: During a median follow-up period of 4.2 years, 2744 first incident cases of NAFLD occurred. After adjustment for potential confounders, the multivariable hazards ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NAFLD across increasing quartiles of the dietary inflammatory potential score were 1.00 (reference), 1.01 (0.90, 1.13), 1.15 (1.03, 1.29), and 1.26 (1.13, 1.41), with P for trend <0.0001. This positive association appeared greater in men than in women (P for interaction = 0.02). Conclusions: Our results indicate that a dietary pattern with high inflammatory potential is associated with a higher risk of NAFLD. Such findings provide the support that inflammation may be a potential mechanism linking diet to the risk of NAFLD.
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