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1.
  • Beal, Jacob, et al. (författare)
  • Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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2.
  • Pecunia, Vincenzo, et al. (författare)
  • Roadmap on energy harvesting materials
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 2515-7639. ; 6:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ambient energy harvesting has great potential to contribute to sustainable development and address growing environmental challenges. Converting waste energy from energy-intensive processes and systems (e.g. combustion engines and furnaces) is crucial to reducing their environmental impact and achieving net-zero emissions. Compact energy harvesters will also be key to powering the exponentially growing smart devices ecosystem that is part of the Internet of Things, thus enabling futuristic applications that can improve our quality of life (e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart manufacturing, and smart healthcare). To achieve these goals, innovative materials are needed to efficiently convert ambient energy into electricity through various physical mechanisms, such as the photovoltaic effect, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and radiofrequency wireless power transfer. By bringing together the perspectives of experts in various types of energy harvesting materials, this Roadmap provides extensive insights into recent advances and present challenges in the field. Additionally, the Roadmap analyses the key performance metrics of these technologies in relation to their ultimate energy conversion limits. Building on these insights, the Roadmap outlines promising directions for future research to fully harness the potential of energy harvesting materials for green energy anytime, anywhere.
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3.
  • Xu, Nan, et al. (författare)
  • Global optimization energy management for multi-energy source vehicles based on "Information layer - Physical layer - Energy layer- Dynamic programming" (IPE-DP)
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 312
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To reveal the energy-saving mechanisms of global energy management, we propose a global optimization framework of "information layer-physical layer-energy layer-dynamic programming " (IPE-DP), which can realize the unity of different information scenarios, different vehicle configurations and energy conversions. The deterministic dynamic programing (DP) and adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) are taken as the core algorithms. As a benchmark for assessing the optimality, DP strategy has four main challenges: standardization, real-time application, accuracy, and satisfactory drivability. To solve the above problems, the IPE-DP optimization framework is established, which consists of three main layers, two interface layers and an application layer. To be specific, the full-factor trip information is acquired from three scenarios in the information layer, and then the feasible work modes of the vehicle are determined in the physical layer based on the proposed conservation framework of "kinetic/potential energy & onboard energy ". The above lays a foundation for the optimal energy distribution in the energy layer. Then, a global domain-searching algorithm and action dependent heuristic dynamic programming (ADHDP) model are developed for different information acquisition scenarios to obtain the optimal solution. To improve the computational efficiency under the deterministic information, a fast DP is developed based on the statistical rules of DP behavior, the core of which is to restrict the exploring region based on a reference SOC trajectory. Regarding the stochastic trip information, the ADHDP model is established, including determining the utility function, network design and training process. Finally, two case studies are given to compare the economic performance of the vehicle under different information acquisition scenarios, which lays a foundation for analyzing the relationship between the amount of information input and energy-saving potential of the vehicle. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method gains a better performance in both real-time performance and global optimality.
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4.
  • Hering, Alessa, et al. (författare)
  • Learn2Reg: comprehensive multi-task medical image registration challenge, dataset and evaluation in the era of deep learning
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0278-0062 .- 1558-254X. ; 42:3, s. 697-712
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Image registration is a fundamental medical image analysis task, and a wide variety of approaches have been proposed. However, only a few studies have comprehensively compared medical image registration approaches on a wide range of clinically relevant tasks. This limits the development of registration methods, the adoption of research advances into practice, and a fair benchmark across competing approaches. The Learn2Reg challenge addresses these limitations by providing a multi-task medical image registration data set for comprehensive characterisation of deformable registration algorithms. A continuous evaluation will be possible at https:// learn2reg.grand-challenge.org. Learn2Reg covers a wide range of anatomies (brain, abdomen, and thorax), modalities (ultrasound, CT, MR), availability of annotations, as well as intra- and inter-patient registration evaluation. We established an easily accessible framework for training and validation of 3D registration methods, which enabled the compilation of results of over 65 individual method submissions from more than 20 unique teams. We used a complementary set of metrics, including robustness, accuracy, plausibility, and runtime, enabling unique insight into the current state-of-the-art of medical image registration. This paper describes datasets, tasks, evaluation methods and results of the challenge, as well as results of further analysis of transferability to new datasets, the importance of label supervision, and resulting bias. While no single approach worked best across all tasks, many methodological aspects could be identified that push the performance of medical image registration to new state-of-the-art performance. Furthermore, we demystified the common belief that conventional registration methods have to be much slower than deep-learning-based methods.
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5.
  • Hu, Wenxiu, et al. (författare)
  • High-Dimensional Feature Based Non-Coherent Detection for Multi-Intensity Modulated Ultraviolet Communications
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 40:7, s. 1879-1887
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ultraviolet communication (UVC) has been regarded as a promising supplement for overloaded conventional wireless communications. One challenge lies in the communication deterioration caused by the UV-photon scattering induced intersymbol-interference (ISI), which will be even worse when encountering multilevel pulse amplitude modulation (multi-PAM) symbols. To address this ISI, traditional coherent detection methods (e.g., maximum-likelihood sequence detection, MLSD) require high computational complexities for UV channel estimation and sequential detection space formation, thereby making them less attractive. Current non-coherent detection, which simply combines the ISI-insensitive UV signal features (e.g., the rising edge) into a one-dimensional (1D) metric, cannot guarantee reliable communication accuracy. In this work, a novel high-dimensional (HD) non-coherent detection scheme is proposed, leveraging a HD construction of the ISI-insensitive UV signal features. By doing so, we transform the ISI caused sequential detection into an ISI-released HD detection framework, which avoids complex channel estimation and sequential detection space computation. Then, to compute the detection surface, a UV feature based unsupervised learning approach is designed. We deduce the theoretical bit error rate (BER), and prove that the proposed HI) non-coherent detection method has a lower BER than that of the current 1D non-coherent scheme. Simulation results validate our results, and more importantly, demonstrate a BER that approaches that of the state-of-the-art coherent MLSD (<1 dB in SNR at BER = 4.5 x 10(-8), the 7% overhead forward-error-correction limit), and also a reduction of computational complexity by at least two orders of magnitude.
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6.
  • Jin, Cenqin, et al. (författare)
  • High-Speed Long-Haul Multi-Channel Nonlinear Optical Communication Systems Influenced by Equalization Enhanced Phase Noise
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: 2022 IEEE 14Th International Conference On Advanced Infocomm Technology (ICAIT 2022). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 103-106
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work, the performance of high-speed long-haul nonlinear Nyquist-spaced multi-channel coherent optical fiber communication systems utilizing electronic dispersion compensation and digital nonlinearity compensation is explored taking into consideration the enhanced equalization phase noise. The analytical model has also been developed to estimate the system performance under different transmission scenarios.
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7.
  • Jin, Cenqin, et al. (författare)
  • Nonlinear Coherent Optical Systems in the Presence of Equalization Enhanced Phase Noise
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 39:14, s. 4646-4653
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Equalization enhanced phase noise (EEPN) occurs due to the interplay between laser phase noise and electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) module. It degrades significantly the performance of uncompensated long-haul coherent optical fiber communication systems. In this work, a general expression accounting for EEPN is presented based on Gaussian noise model to evaluate the performance of multi-channel optical communication systems using EDC and digital nonlinearity compensation (NLC). The nonlinear interaction between the signal and the EEPN is analyzed. Numerical simulations are carried out in nonlinear Nyquist-spaced wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) coherent transmission systems. Significant performance degradation due to EEPN in the cases of EDC and NLC are observed, with and without the consideration of transceiver (TRx) noise. The validation of the analytical approach has been done via split-step Fourier simulations. The maximum transmission distance and the laser linewidth tolerance are also estimated to provide important insights into the impact of EEPN.
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8.
  • Kanoni, Stavroula, et al. (författare)
  • Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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9.
  • Li, Xinxiao, et al. (författare)
  • Neocortex- and hippocampus-specific deletion of Gabrg2 causes temperature-dependent seizures in mice
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Cell Death and Disease. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-4889. ; 12:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mutations in the GABRG2 gene encoding the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor gamma 2 subunit are associated with genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, febrile seizures plus, febrile seizures, and other symptoms of epilepsy. However, the mechanisms underlying Gabrg2-mediated febrile seizures are poorly understood. Here, we used the Cre/loxP system to generate conditional knockout (CKO) mice with deficient Gabrg2 in the hippocampus and neocortex. Heterozygous CKO mice (Gabrg2fl/wtCre+) exhibited temperature-dependent myoclonic jerks, generalised tonic-clonic seizures, increased anxiety-like symptoms, and a predisposition to induce seizures. Cortical electroencephalography showed the hyperexcitability in response to temperature elevation in Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice, but not in wild-type mice. Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice exhibited spontaneous seizures and susceptibility to temperature-induced seizures. Loss of neurons were observed in cortical layers V–VI and hippocampus of Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice. Furthermore, the latency of temperature- or pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures were significantly decreased in Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice compared with wild-type mice. In summary, Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice with Gabrg2 deletion in the neocortex and hippocampus reproduce many features of febrile seizures and therefore provide a novel model to further understand this syndrome at the cellular and molecular level.
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10.
  • Liu, Peiji, et al. (författare)
  • A generalized method for the inherent energy performance modeling of machine tools
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of manufacturing systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6125 .- 1878-6642. ; 61, s. 406-422
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Machine tools (MTs), as the key equipment of manufacturing systems, have enormous quantities and consume a great amount of energy. However, the diversity of both machines and their energy consumption properties make it difficult to transfer the energy-saving knowledge and services among different MT. To facilitate the initialization configuration of energy-saving services, the inherent energy performance (IEP) is investigated to describe the differences in energy consumption among MTs, and a generalized method for modeling the IEP of MT and its electrical subsystems is proposed. Three key enablers, including generalized experimental design rules, automatic coding, and data processing algorithms, are presented and integrated into a supporting system to reduce the modeling efforts and knowledge requirements. Case studies of an offline manufacturing scenario and an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled manufacturing scenario were carried out to verify the effectiveness and convenience of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can provide essential modeling support for large-scale energy-saving service configurations and energy-efficient MT development.
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11.
  • Verginis, Christos, et al. (författare)
  • Non-Parametric Neuro-Adaptive Control
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: 2023 European Control Conference, ECC. - : IEEE. - 9783907144084 - 9781665465311
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We develop a learning-based algorithm for the control of autonomous systems governed by unknown, nonlinear dynamics toward trajectory tracking. Most existing algorithms either assume certain parametric forms for the unknown dynamic terms or resort to unnecessarily large control inputs in order to provide theoretical guarantees. The proposed algorithm addresses these drawbacks by integrating neural-network-based learning with adaptive control. More specifically, the algorithm learns a controller, represented as a neural network, using training data that correspond to a collection of system parameters and reference trajectories. These parameters and trajectories are derived by varying the nominal parameters and the reference trajectory, respectively. It then incorporates this neural network into an online closed-form adaptive control law in such a way that the closed-loop system tracks the reference trajectory. The proposed algorithm does not use any a priori information on the unknown dynamic terms or any approximation schemes. Comparative computer simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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12.
  • Xie, Hehan, et al. (författare)
  • 3D gel printing of alumina ceramics followed by efficient multi-step liquid desiccant drying
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-2219 .- 1873-619X. ; 41:13, s. 6634-6640
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dense alumina ceramics were additively manufactured efficiently through a 3D gel printing process. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) was applied to ensure the printability and rigid of the gel made from boehmite. A multi-step liquid desiccant drying method was implemented to improve the drying efficiency. The results showed that the solid loading and HEC addition were two useful parameters for adjusting the rheology properties of the gel to make it suitable for 3D printing. With polyethylene glycol(PEG) added as liquid desiccants, the printed bodies with section size of 10 mm could be dried within 26 h during which the deformation and crack formation was avoided despite a high linear shrinkage of 45 % was encountered. The successful preparation of dense monolithic alumna ceramics parts with an average grain size of 1 μm, 99 % of the theoretical density and a flexural strength of 380 ± 45 MPa indicated the potential of this process.
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13.
  • Xu, Zhe, et al. (författare)
  • Absorption and transport of a Mytilus edulis-derived peptide with the function of preventing osteoporosis
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Food & Function. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2042-6496 .- 2042-650X. ; 12:5, s. 2102-2111
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The YPRKDETGAERT peptide (PME-1) identified from the Mytilus edulis proteins has been shown to promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and it has good bone-forming activity in vitro. Further, PME-1 has been shown to prevent osteoporosis in vivo. PME-1 can be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, and the passing rate in monolayer Caco-2 cells was 6.57%. PME-1 can also enter the blood circulation and the concentration of PME-1 in serum reached the maximum, 61.06 +/- 26.32 ng mL(-1), 20 min after feeding. The multifunctional in vivo imager was used to further determine the distribution of the 5-FITC-(Acp)-YPRKDETGAERT peptide (PME-1-FITC) 2 h after feeding the peptide, and the result confirmed the above results and showed that a part of PME-1-FITC can affect bone in vivo. Therefore, PME-1 not only was easily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, but also has the potential beneficial effect on preventing osteoporosis.
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14.
  • Xu, Zhe, et al. (författare)
  • Associations of macular microvascular parameters with cerebral small vessel disease in rural older adults : A population-based OCT angiography study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2295. ; 14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To explore the associations of macular microvascular parameters with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in rural-dwelling older adults in China.Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 195 participants (age ≥ 60 years; 57.4% women) in the optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) sub-study within the Multimodal Interventions to delay Dementia and disability in rural China (MIND-China). Macular microvascular parameters were measured using the OCTA. We automatically estimated volumes of gray matter, white matter, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH), and manually assessed numbers of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) and lacunes on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Data were analyzed with the general linear models.Results: Adjusting for multiple confounders, lower vessel skeleton density (VSD) and higher vessel diameter index (VDI) were significantly associated with larger WMH volume (P < 0.05). Lower VSD and foveal density-300 (FD-300) of left eye were significantly associated with lower brain parenchymal volume (P < 0.05). In addition, lower areas of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and FD-300 of left eye were significantly associated with more EPVS (P < 0.05). The associations of abnormal macular microvascular parameters with WMH volume were evident mainly among females. Macular microvascular parameters were not associated with lacunes.Conclusion: Macular microvascular signs are associated with WMH, brain parenchymal volume, and EPVS in older adults. The OCTA-assessed macular microvascular parameters can be valuable markers for microvascular lesions in the brain.
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15.
  • Xu, Zhe, et al. (författare)
  • Pharmacokinetics and Transport of an Osteogenic Dodecapeptide
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 68:37, s. 9961-9967
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A dodecapeptide with the amino acid sequence of IEELEEELEAER (PIE), identified from Mytilus edulis proteolysis hydrolysates, has shown good bone-forming activity in previous studies. The pharmacokinetics and transport of the PIE peptide in vivo or in vitro were investigated in this study. The results showed that the PIE peptide can be transported into monolayer Caco-2 cells, and the PIE peptide was identified in the serum after the mice reached the highest value of 173.60 +/- 60.30 ng/mL, in which it was quantified by an optimized mass spectrometry method. In addition, the PIE peptide has a promoting effect on the bone morphogenetic protein pathway at the gene and protein levels. According to the distribution of PIE-FITC in ovariectomized mice after orally administrated PIE-FITC, it was confirmed that it can enter the gastrointestinal tract and serum, and reach the bones. Taken together, the PIE peptide can be absorbed well both in vitro and in vivo, and it could promote pre-osteoblast differentiation factors.
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16.
  • Zhang, Man, et al. (författare)
  • Highly Efficient Room-Temperature Light-Induced Synthesis of Polymer Dots: A Programming Control Paradigm of Polymer Nanostructurization from Single-Component Precursor
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 145:45, s. 24657-24668
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Polymer dots (PDs) have raised considerable research interest due to their advantages of designable nanostructures, high biocompatibility, versatile photoluminescent properties, and recyclability as nanophase. However, there remains a lack of in situ, real-time, and noncontact methods for synthesizing PDs. Here we report a rational strategy to synthesize PDs through a well-designed single-component precursor (an asymmetrical donor-acceptor-donor molecular structure) by photoirradiation at ambient temperature. In contrast to thermal processes that normally lack atomic economy, our method is mild and successive, based on an aggregation-promoted sulfonimidization triggered by photoinduced delocalized intrinsic radical cations for polymerization, followed by photooxidation for termination with structural shaping to form PDs. This synthetic approach excludes any external additives, rendering a conversion rate of the precursor exceeding 99%. The prepared PDs, as a single entity, can realize the integration of nanocore luminescence and precursor-transferred luminescence, showing 41.5% of the total absolute luminescence quantum efficiency, which is higher than most reported PD cases. Based on these photoluminescent properties, together with the superior biocompatibility, a unique membrane microenvironmental biodetection could be exemplified. This strategy with programming control of the single precursor can serve as a significant step toward polymer nanomanufacturing with remote control, high-efficiency, precision, and real-time operability.
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17.
  • Zhang, Qinghua, et al. (författare)
  • Quantitative assessments of retinal macular structure among rural-dwelling older adults in China : a population-based, cross-sectional, optical coherence tomography study
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: BMJ Open. - 2044-6055. ; 14:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • ObjectivesTo quantitatively assess and compare retinal macular structures of rural-dwelling older adults in China using two different optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanners and to examine their associations with demographic, lifestyle, clinical and ocular factors.Design, setting and participants This population-based, cross-sectional study included 971 participants (age ≥60 years) derived from the Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China study. We collected data on demographics, lifestyle factors, clinical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease (CVD)) and ocular factors (eg, visual acuity and spherical equivalent). We used two models of spectral-domain OCT to measure macular parameters in nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study subfields. Data were analysed using the multiple general linear models.Results Spectralis OCT demonstrated higher macular thickness but a lower macular volume than Primus 200 OCT (p<0.05). Nasal quadrant of the inner and outer subfields was the thickest, followed by superior quadrant. Adjusting for multiple potential confounding variables, older age was significantly correlated with lower average inner and outer macular thicknesses and overall macular volume. Men had higher macular parameters than women. The presence of CVD was correlated with lower central macular thickness (β=−6.83; 95% CI: −13.08 to −0.58; p=0.032). Middle school or above was associated with higher average inner macular thickness (β=7.85; 95% CI: 1.14 to 14.55; p=0.022) and higher spherical equivalent was correlated with lower average inner macular thickness (β=−1.78; 95% CI: −3.50 to −0.07; p=0.042).Conclusions Macular thickness and volume assessed by Spectralis and Primus 200 OCT scanners differ. Older age and female sex are associated with lower macular thickness and volume. Macular parameters are associated with education, CVD and spherical equivalent.Trial registeration number MIND-China study (ChiCTR1800017758).
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