| 1. |
- Bjärstig, Therese, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Grön översiktsplanering i fjäll- och fjällnära landskap : Deltagande planering för en innovativ och hållbar översiktsplan för Vilhelmina kommun
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Översiktsplaneringen i fjällkommunerna skulle kunna vara det självklara verktyget i arbetet med att uppnå miljökvalitetsmålet "Storslagen fjällmiljö". Kommunen har som lokal myndighet en central roll i hållbar utveckling och översiktsplaneringen ska, per definition, hantera markanvändningsfrågor i ett landskapsperspektiv. Detta sker dock inte i någon större utsträckning idag och därför finns ett stort behov av att utveckla bättre metoder och processer för att göra det kommunala planeringsverktyget mer nytänkande, kunskapsbaserat och förutseende.I Vilhelmina kommun har forskarna tillsammans med myndigheter, lokala aktörer och kommunmedborgare utvecklat metoder för att ta fram en grön översiktsplan. Översiktsplanen baseras på uthållig markanvändning och omfattar faktiska natur- och kulturvärden, såväl som nuvarande och framtida förutsättningar för strategisk planering för hur olika intressen kan samsas i fjällandskapet. I projektet analyseras möjligheter och hinder en process av detta slag möter, metoder för att uppnå ett ökat engagemang och en större lokal medverkan i planprocessen.Arbetet med den gröna översiktsplanen har resulterat i ett samrådsdokument som antagits av politikerna i Vilhelmina kommun. Rapporten redovisar en stegvis modell av planeringsprocessen som ska kunna ligga till grund för liknande processer även i andra fjällkommuner och/eller landsbygdskommuner med stora landskaps- och naturtillgångar. Exempel på lärdomar är att tidigt och kontinuerligt förankra det deltagande planeringsarbetet gentemot den lokala politiken och att deltagandeprocesser måste få ta tid.
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| 2. |
- Bjärstig, Therese, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing collaborative planning in the swedish mountains : The case of Vilhelmina
- 2018
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Ingår i: WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. - Southampto : WIT Press. - 9781784662912 ; , s. 781-796, s. 781-795
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Critical appraisals have stressed the need for participation and social learning in spatial planning, and planning is now seen as a process of innovative collaboration by multiple actors. During such ‘collaborative planning’, various parties try to develop new inclusive strategies through dialog. Collaborative planning is a major strand of current planning theory and highlights the need for new methods that involve citizen participation. In Sweden, the realization of collaborative planning in practice remains elusive, and research on the subject is limited, so further studies are needed. Thus, in the project “Green planning: Vilhelmina as a testbed for innovative land use planning in the mountain region”, we tested and implemented methods for involving citizens and other land-use stakeholders in the process of developing Vilhelmina municipality’s comprehensive plan (MCP). This paper presents lessons learned from that process and data obtained from a set of focus groups, a workshop, surveys, and personal communication. From these activities in the Swedish mountain region, we learned that collaborative practices have both pros and cons that must be addressed for practical realization of the widely embraced ideal of collaborative planning.
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| 3. |
- Eckerberg, Katarina, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Incentives for collaborative governance : top-down and bottom-up initiatives in the Swedish mountain region
- 2015
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Ingår i: Mountain Research and Development Journal. - 0276-4741 .- 1994-7151. ; 35:3, s. 289-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Governance collaborations between public and private partners are increasingly used to promote sustainable mountain development, yet information is limited on their nature and precise extent. This article analyzes collaboration on environment and natural resource management in Swedish mountain communities to critically assess the kinds of issues these efforts address, how they evolve, who leads them, and what functional patterns they exhibit based on Margerum's (2008) typology of action, organizational, and policy collaboration. Based on official documents, interviews, and the records of 245 collaborative projects, we explore the role of the state, how perceptions of policy failure may inspire collaboration, and the opportunities that European Union funds have created. Bottom-up collaborations, most of which are relatively recent, usually have an action and sometimes an organizational function. Top-down collaborations, however, are usually organizational or policy oriented. Our findings suggest that top-down and bottom-up collaborations are complementary in situations with considerable conflict over time and where public policies have partly failed, such as for nature protection and reindeer grazing. In less contested areas, such as rural development, improving tracks and access, recreation, and fishing, there is more bottom-up, action-oriented collaboration. State support, especially in the form of funding, is central to explaining the emergence of bottom-up action collaboration. Our findings show that the state both initiates and coordinates policy networks and retains a great deal of power over the nature and functioning of collaborative governance. A practical consequence is that there is great overlap—aggravated by sectorized approaches—that creates a heavy workload for some regional partners.
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| 4. |
- Zachrisson, Anna, Docent, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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EIP-Agri – lärdomar från första åren : Halvtidsrapport från den löpande lärande utvärderingen av EIP-Agri med fokus på dess införande och uppstart
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- EIP-Agri är ett nytt innovationsstöd inom landsbygdsprogrammet med fokus på jordbruk, trädgårds- och rennäring. Två typer av stöd kan beviljas: stöd för att bilda en innovationsgrupp samt stöd till att genomföra ett innovationsprojekt (med full finansiering). Inom ramen för utvärderingen har främst rutiner, regler, roller med mera vid införandet av detta nya stöd undersökts, och olika typer av genomförandeproblem, samt hur de förebyggs och/eller undviks, analyserats.Gruppbildnings- och genomförandestödMöjligheten att söka gruppbildningsstöd är en stor styrka. Regeringen börse över om detta kan utökas/stärkas ytterligare i kommande programperiod. Genomförandestödet upplevs som krävande att söka och Jordbruksverket börta fram en specifik e-ansökan. Kraven bör sänkas något, för att t ex öka flexibiliteten kring budgeten. Förtydligade beslutskriterier bör göras mer tillgängliga. Innovationssupporten kan rikta mer stöd mot resurssvaga aktörer för att öka antalet som går vidare från grupp- till genomförandestöd. Sociala och organisatoriska innovationer är mycket få och borde uppmuntras i högre grad. Kopplingen till forskningsprojekt kan stärkas.Handläggningen av ansökningarEn majoritet av de sökande är övervägande missnöjda med ansökningsprocessen, då handläggningstiden är lång och kraven på ansökan höga med många kompletteringar. Sen utbetalning av medel upplevs också som ett hinder för många. Här måste fortsatta insatser till för att effektivisera och förkorta handläggningen internt på Jordbruksverket samt i relation till innovationssupportens rådgivning.Roller och samordningRollfördelningen mellan Jordbruksverkets handläggare, Rådgivande urvalskommittén och innovationssupporten har diskuterats internt och förtydligats allteftersom. Särskilt samordningen och erfarenhetsutbytet har stärkts. Tolkningen av begreppet innovation och beslutskriterier varierar fortsatt något, men samstämmigheten i vad som kommuniceras till sökande har gradvis förbättrats. Fortsatt kalibrering och interaktion är dock nödvändig.Koppling till andra innovationssatsningarBegränsad information om EIP-Agri har nått innovationskontoren. EIP-Agri bör kommuniceras via andra/kompletterande kanaler. Erfarenheter från andra liknande innovationsprogram bör också komma EIP-Agri till del för att utveckla möjliga synergier och säkra att innovationerna kommer ut på marknaden. Målgruppen för och syftet med EIP-Agri bör därmed förtydligas och kommuniceras mer strategiskt.Planerad effektutvärderingUnder 2019–2021 förväntas utvärderingen svara på frågor om programmetbidragit till relevanta innovationer i relation till målen. Nuvarande rapportering liksom de breda och otydliga målen samt kriterierna ger dock begränsade möjligheter att värdera dessa effekter. Utvecklade datasystem och förtydligade mål och kriterier krävs.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Zachrisson, Anna, Docent, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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When Public Officers Take the Lead in Collaborative Governance : To Confirm, Consult, Facilitate or Negotiate?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration. - 2001-7405 .- 2001-7413. ; 22:4, s. 21-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Governments are investing considerable time and resources in the field of collaborative governance as it proliferates throughout many sectors, and how public officers choose to respond to these developments therefore becomes an important question. The increased public involvement that collaborative governance brings is often more costly than traditional forms of governance, while the outcomes are highly uncertain. For these reasons, it is important that collaborative governance is only used when really warranted, and the various forms that it can take should be carefully designed. In this study, we apply a typology of collaboration strategies to examine firstly, the circumstances under which leading officers at four county administrative boards in the Swedish mountain region decide to lead collaboration, and secondly what collaboration strategies they then apply. This study is based on 20 interviews with key officers, and 39 interviews with project leaders of public-private collaborations in the area of natural resource management in the region. We find that officers should take trust levels into account when designing collaboration strategies, not least the lack of official trust. Strategies are found to be not mutually exclusive but complementary, and officers employ several at the same time. Interestingly, the results of this study show that – somewhat counter-intuitively – distrust is a driver for officers to initiate collaboration, a conclusion which questions the common view that more trust unequivocally translates into more participation.
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| 7. |
- Beland Lindahl, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Competing pathways to sustainability? : Exploring conflicts over mine establishments in the Swedish mountain region
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 218, s. 402-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural resource (NR) exploitation often gives rise to conflict. While most actors intend to manage collectively used places and their NRs sustainably, they may disagree about what this entails. This article accordingly explores the origin of NR conflicts by analysing them in terms of competing pathways to sustainability. By comparing conflicts over mine establishments in three places in northern Sweden, we specifically explore the role of place-based perceptions and experiences.The results indicate that the investigated conflicts go far beyond the question of metals and mines. The differences between pathways supporting mine establishment and those opposing it refer to fundamental ideas about human nature relationships and sustainable development (SD). The study suggests that place-related parameters affect local interpretations of SD and mobilisation in ways that explain why resistance and conflict exist in some places but not others. A broader understanding of a particular conflict and its specific place-based trajectory may help uncover complex underlying reasons. However, our comparative analysis also demonstrates that mining conflicts in different places share certain characteristics. Consequently, a site-specific focus ought to be combined with attempts to compare, or map, conflicts at a larger scale to improve our understanding of when and how conflicts evolve. By addressing the underlying causes and origins of contestation, this study generates knowledge needed to address NR management conflicts effectively and legitimately.
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| 8. |
- Bjärstig, Therese, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Between protocol and reality : Swedish municipal comprehensive planning
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 26:1, s. 35-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial planning using a landscape approach has been recognized as being essential for reconciling ecological, cultural and socioeconomic dimensions in sustainable development (SuD). Although embraced as a concept, there is a lack of planning tools capable of incorporating multi-level, multifunctional and multi-sectoral perspectives, especially in a rural context. The departure point in this paper is the legal requirements for municipal comprehensive planning (MCP) in Sweden and an e-mail survey about incentives, stakeholder involvement, policy integration and implementation in MCP in all 15 Swedish mountain municipalities. The purpose of this explorative study is to examine whether MCP could be a tool in planning for SuD. Results indicate a general lack of resources and a low status of MCP that affect, and even limit, stakeholder involvement, policy integration and implementation. However, legal requirements for MCP are targeted at SuD, and municipal personnel responsible for planning appreciate the potential of MCP. Therefore, there is potential to develop the MCP into an effective landscape planning tool. To accomplish this, the status of an active planning process has to be raised, the mandate of the local planning agency has to be secured, and residents and land users have to be involved throughout the planning process.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Borgström, Sara, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Funding ecological restoration policy in practice : patterns of short-termism and regional biases
- 2016
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 52, s. 439-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With continuous degradation of ecosystems combined with the recognition of human dependence on functioning ecosystems, global interest in ecological restoration (ER) has intensified. From being merely a nature conservation measure, it is today advanced as a way to improve ecosystem functions, mitigate biodiversity loss and climate change, as well as renew human–nature relationships. However, ER is a contested and diversified term used in research, policy and practice. Substantive public funding is allocated towards this end worldwide, but little is known about its concrete purpose and coverage, as well as what decides its allocation. With inspiration from environmental funding literature we analyze the case of Sweden to provide the first national overview of public ER funding. The understudied political context of ER is thus addressed but also regional variation in funding allocation. A database of all national government funding programs between 1995 and 2011 that included projects and sub-programs aiming at practical ER measures was created. Results show that ER activities counted for 11% (130 million USD) of the total government nature conservation funding. Water environments were highly prioritized, which can be explained by economic and recreational motives behind ER. The ER funding was unevenly distributed geographically, not related to either environmental need or population size, but rather to regional administrative capacity. It was also found to be small scale and short term, and hence part of a general trend of "project proliferation" of public administration which runs contrary to ecosystem based management. As ER is not yet a long-term investment in Sweden, commonly seen as an environmental lead state, we expect even less and more short-term ER funding in other countries.
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| 12. |
- Holmgren, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Protected area governance in Sweden : new modes of governance or business as usual?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Local Environment. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1354-9839 .- 1469-6711. ; 22:1, s. 22-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores whether ambitions to open up the traditional Swedish model of top-down conservation methods to local influences are indicative of an actual transition in governance of Swedish national park policy (NPP), and examines whether such a shift entails an increase in local influence over local interests and needs. Methodologically, we analyse a combination of governance types and incorporate theoretical definitions of power and accountability. The establishment of new governance arrangements – where power is shared, interactions promoted and accountability is directed downwards – indicates that Sweden's NPP is undergoing a change in its mode of governance. This change also seems to include ceding some influence to local interests, and the possibility of combining conservation with the utilisation of certain natural resources. The results of our research also provide valuable insights into when the establishment of shared-governance arrangements are likely to succeed; in short, this seems more likely when there are established sectors sited in a robust legal framework and where strong international commitments potentially play a role. In conclusion, we contend that when seeking diversified governance arrangements it is not enough simply to take local practices and customs into consideration – they have to be strengthened.
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| 13. |
- Hongslo, Eirin, et al.
(författare)
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Decentralization of Conservation Management in Norway and Sweden—Different Translations of an International Trend
- 2016
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Ingår i: Society & Natural Resources. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0894-1920 .- 1521-0723. ; 29:8, s. 998-1014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International policy trends are always transformed and translated to fit the political and administrative systems in which they are introduced. An international trend of decentralization has resulted in conservation management systems in Sweden and Norway that differ, both in the choice of institutional solution and in the scope of change. This is surprising, as conservation management in the two countries was originally very similar. Nature conservation was managed through hierarchical systems dominated by bureaucratic experts. While Sweden has introduced co-management in a few protected areas only, Norway has devolved powers in all large conservation areas to intermunicipal management boards. Through document studies, we investigate how decentralization interacts with the broader systems of political actors and institutions of which nature conservation is a part.
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| 14. |
- Zachrisson, Anna, Docent, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Political opportunity and mobilization : The evolution of a Swedish mining-sceptical movement
- 2019
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Ingår i: Resources policy. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4207 .- 1873-7641. ; 64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As demand for minerals is expected to increase due to the energy transition needed to meet climate targets, mineral exploration will continue intensifying. Surveys find that public acceptance of the mining industry is low, particularly in the EU, suggesting that mining conflicts may increase in both number and intensity. Conflict usually occurs in places where a significant number of local actors mobilize resistance against a mining company. Their success is dependent on the emergence of a broader social movement that jumps to the relevant scale of regulation, often the national level. Despite this, very little attention is being paid to the emergence of such a movement, as well as to the state and its institutions, in studies on mining conflicts. Most research into mining conflicts examines developing countries, while mining resistance is an emerging issue also in developed nations, not least in the Arctic. Understanding mining resistance is important in avoiding or addressing conflicts that can be costly for companies, communities, and the state. This paper explores the relationship between state politics and mining resistance at the national level, drawing on social movement research and the concept of political opportunity structures. The results show that confrontational mining resistance will grow at the national level when the state offers little access nor influence to mining-sceptical actors in either policy formulation or implementation, and where there is a sufficient number of simultaneously ongoing contested licensing processes. In cases where indigenous people are involved, weak or contested indigenous rights may also spur resistance.
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