| 1. |
- Krzewińska, Maja, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic and Strontium Isotope Variation Reveal Immigration Patterns in a Viking Age Town
- 2018
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 28:17, s. 2730-2738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of human mobility on the northern European urban populations during the Viking and Early Middle Ages and its repercussions in Scandinavia itself are still largely unexplored. Our study of the demographics in the final phase of the Viking era is the first comprehensive multidisciplinary investigation that includes genetics, isotopes, archaeology, and osteology on a larger scale. This early Christian dataset is particularly important as the earlier common pagan burial tradition during the Iron Age was cremation, hindering large-scale DNA analyses. We present genome-wide sequence data from 23 individuals from the 10th to 12th century Swedish town of Sigtuna. The data revealed high genetic diversity among the early urban residents. The observed variation exceeds the genetic diversity in distinct modern-day and Iron Age groups of central and northern Europe. Strontium isotope data suggest mixed local and non-local origin of the townspeople. Our results uncover the social system underlying the urbanization process of the Viking World of which mobility was an intricate part and was comparable between males and females. The inhabitants of Sigtuna were heterogeneous in their genetic affinities, probably reflecting both close and distant connections through an established network, confirming that early urbanization processes in northern Europe were driven by migration.
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| 2. |
- Zachrisson, Torun, 1960-
(författare)
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Barneskallene ved Tviodlo
- 2016
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Ingår i: Møt mennesket. - Stavanger : Arkeologisk museum, Universitetet i Stavanger. - 9788277601694 ; , s. 45-48
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Kraniedelar av minst 4 spädbarn hittades på Bø på Jæren, västra Norge i en myr i samband med nyodling. I myren fanns en tvillingkälla med rödfärgat vatten och spädbarnsskallarna hade deponerats i en av dem någon gång under perioden år 1–400 e.Kr. Fyndet är unikt i ett nordiskt perspektiv, men har beröringspunkter med fynd från andra samtida våtmarker. Detta, liksom fyndets landskaps- och bebyggelsemässiga sammanhang, diskuteras i den korta artikeln.
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| 3. |
- Zachrisson, Torun, 1960-
(författare)
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Depositional Traditions in Iron Age Kormt
- 2017
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Ingår i: Avaldsnes. - Berlin : Walter de Gruyter. - 9783110425789 ; , s. 687-720
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores Iron Age depositions in wetlands and on dry ground in Kormt. The types of objects deposited and their contexts are discussed from a longterm perspective, and the emerging patterns are interpreted in cultural-historical terms.The early Iron Age depositions cluster on northeastern and southwestern Kormt, especially in the Avaldsnes and Ferkingstad areas. They indicate the presence of men of military rank and are placed at strategic maritime sites: Ferkingstad and northern Kormt. The depositional traditions of the early Iron Age resemble those of nearby Jæren and southernmost Hordaland, and indeed those of northern Jylland, Denmark. No depositions are known from the period AD 550–700. In the Viking Period, the depositional tradition in Kormt society seems to have played a more limited and less aristocratic role than previously. The depositional traditions differ from neighbouring as well as distant regions with which there formerly were similarities.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Zachrisson, Torun, 1960-
(författare)
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II : 31 Sites
- 2019
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Ingår i: Handbook of Pre-Modern Nordic Memory Studies. - Berlin : Walter de Gruyter. - 9783110440201 ; , s. 620-626
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case study demonstrates how the great mounds and halls in Old Uppsala in central Sweden, erected AD 550–650, were used for expressing cultural memory. By the construction of monumental halls, rulers created arenas for expressing both power and authority, as well as for memory production. The halls left material traces, which makes possible consideration of whether they were also maintained and used in the Viking Age, or if they were abandoned and either remembered or forgotten.
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| 7. |
- Zachrisson, Torun, 1960-
(författare)
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Scandinavian figurines : relatives of the gold foil figures, and a new find from Old Uppsala
- 2019
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Ingår i: Gold foil figures in focus: a Scandinavian find group and related objects and images from ancient and medieval Europe. - München : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. - 9783899372496 ; , s. 105-129
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper argues that figurines of gold or (gilded) copper alloy, particularly from the 5th to 7th centuries, can contribute to a better understanding of the gold foil figures. It discusses examplars dating from Late Roman Iron Age, Migration, and Vendel period Scandinavia, especially those from Slipshavn in Funen, Gudum in Zealand, and Guldhullet/Smørenge in Bornholm, all in Denmark, as well as those from Kymbo in Västergötland and Lunda in Södermanland, Sweden, and compares them with gold foil figures. A unique gilded example from the late 7th or early 8th century – so small that it is equal in size to a gold foil figure – recently found in a female burial situated near the royal seat of Old Uppsala in Uppland, Sweden, is also discussed in detail. The figurines relate in posture, gesture, and attributes to the single gold foil figures but not to gold foil figural pairs. Pendants from the 6th to 8th centuries on the other hand, such as those from Kville in Bohuslän and Tuna in Alsike in Uppland and Norsborg in Södermanland, Sweden, allude in gesture, dress, and attributes to both single gold foil figures as well as to gold foil figures depicting pairs. The attributes and gestures of the figurines connect with the pre-Christian cult. If considered in a contemporary Christian European iconography, they would have signalled awe and divine epiphany.
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| 8. |
- Zachrisson, Torun, 1960-
(författare)
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Spår av järnålder på Stadsholmen och malmarna
- 2016
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Ingår i: Stockholm före Stockholm. - Stockholm : Stockholmia förlag. - 9789170312854
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Stockholm växte fram i ett landskapsavsnitt med särskilda kvaliteter. Ön låg tätt intill men mellan järnåldersbygderna och i den stora farleden in och ut från Svetjud. Dessutom var ön placerad där flera territoriella gränser sammanstrålade. Vikingatida föremål talar för att de människor som rört sig i hamnar och på Stadsholmen även rört sig på platser som Birka och Sigtuna, liksom förmodligen i österled. Så fort Mälaren skapas omkring år 1000 tycks passagen genom Norrström ha kontrollerats av en spärr i farleden. Vid samma tid lades en rad silverskatter ner på farledsnära platser. Strax därefter finns de första tecknen på fast bebyggelse på Stadsholmen. Stockholms speciella karaktär i äldre tid har sin grund i platsens roll för sjöfarten, särskilt sjökrigsorganisationen under vikingatid och tidig medeltid.
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| 9. |
- Zachrisson, Torun, 1960-
(författare)
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Stenansiktet vid Resmo källa
- 2015
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Ingår i: Grävda minnen. - Kalmar : Kalmar läns museum.
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Zachrisson, Torun, 1960-
(författare)
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The background of the odal rights : an archaeological discussion
- 2017
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Ingår i: Danish Journal of Archaeology. - : Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library. - 2166-2282 .- 2166-2290. ; 6:2, s. 118-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The age and origin of the odal rights known from medieval times in Sweden and Norway are debated. Archaeologists tend to view them as old and a part of the pre-Christian society, whereas historians and legal historians view them as established after Christianity was introduced, mirroring canonical laws. In Viking Age runic inscriptions from the eleventh century in the lake Mälaren valley in Sweden, from late tenth to eleventh century in south-western Norway, the term odal, inherited family land occurs together with other expressions concerning landed property. Furthermore, two runestones in Småland and Hälsingland in Sweden, c. 650 km apart, each enumerate five earlier ancestors in a male lineage, the sponsor himself being the sixth generation. As these runic inscriptions were made in different parts of Scandinavia during the late tenth and eleventh century, this indicates that the term and concept odal was widespread already before the canonic laws of the early medieval period were introduced, and quite possibly belongs to an older inheritance structure. The aim of this article is a renewed discussion focussing on the runological sources where the term and concept odal can be found in the Viking Age Scandinavian society (c. 750–1050 CE), but also early medieval written sources. Thereafter, archaeological sources from the Late Iron Age are addressed (c. 550–1050 CE).
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Zachrisson, Torun, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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The "Lynx Ladies" : Burials Furnished with Lynx Skins from the Migration and Merovingian Periods found in Present-day Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sächsische Leute und Länder. - Wendeburg : Verlag Uwe Krebs. - 9783932030840 ; , s. 103-119
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graves furnished with lynx skin from Iron Age Sweden represents an interesting group of individuals. These burials cluster in time and space and consist mainly of adult or older cremated individuals from the Migration and Merovingian period, c. 400-800 AD. This tradition is especially marked in in Uppland and Gotland, i.e. eastern Sweden. The individuals consist of adult or older women with brooches interred in well furnished burials. In Uppland these women belong to settlements of social standing and memorial rituals were performed at their graves. In Gotland, these women are present at the burial sites of harbours. Some of them were buried with small children. It is concluded that the women would have belonged to a group of ladies, mistresses of wealthy households. Furthermore, the role of the lynx and its possible connection to a female deity is discussed. It is suggested that these "lynx ladies" could have stood under the protection of the godess Freyja and been especially associated with her.
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| 14. |
- Zachrisson, Torun, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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The river Fyris route in Svithiod : a stop at Early Vendel period Tuna in Alsike, Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Early medieval waterscapes. - Wendeburg : Verlag Uwe Krebs. - 9783932030796 ; , s. 185-196
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main water route leading into the core of the realm Svithiod is discussed and especially Tuna in Alsike, a site that is situated along it. The identity of a male buried in the late 6th century at Tuna is discussed in detail using osteological, isotope and aDNA analysis in combination with the material objects in the richly furnished burial as well as the settlement context itself.
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| 15. |
- Zachrisson, Torun, 1960-
(författare)
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Volund was here : A Myth Archaeologically Anchored in Viking Age Scania
- 2018
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Ingår i: Old-Norse Mythology. - Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press. - 9780674975699 ; , s. 139-162
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recently discovered object from the Viking Age shows a winged human figure. It has been interpreted as a representation of Volund the smith and more specifically to the version of the legend found in Þiðreks saga. The context for the object is the center Uppåkra in Sweden, is compared with the context presented in saga. The article concludes that an audience in Viking Age Uppåkra would have felt at home with the winged man and the version in Þiðreks saga, but less familiar with the social setting for Volund presented in Vǫlundarkviða that represents a setting that would have been more easily understood further north in Mid-Sweden.
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