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- Amu, Sylvie, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Cytokines in the placenta of Pakistani newborns with and without intrauterine growth retardation
- 2006
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In: Pediatr Res. ; 59:2, s. 254-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a major risk factor for increased neonatal mortality and morbidity, the mechanisms behind it are not clear. We analyzed cytokine gene expression and gene polymorphisms in infants with and without IUGR in Pakistan, where IUGR is very common. 45 IUGR and 55 control mother/infant pairs were studied. mRNA for IL-10, IL-8, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-4, IL-1beta, IL-12, IFN-gamma and GAPDH was quantified with RT-PCR from placenta. Cytokine and cytokine receptor gene polymorphisms for -1087IL10, -308TNFA, -174IL6, +915TGFB1, intron 2 IL1RN, +36TNFR1, 150V IL4RA and -159CD14 were determined from genomic DNA. The serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta were measured. There was a significant decrease of IL-10 and IL-12, but increase of TGF-beta in the decidua and similarly decrease of IL-10, but increase of TGF-beta in the trophoblasts of the IUGR placentas compared with the non-IUGR placentas. We found significantly lower levels of IL-1beta in serum from the mothers of the IUGR infants and of TGF-beta in serum of the infants with IUGR compared with the non-IUGR infants. We note that the IL-10 mRNA expression in the decidua was down-regulated, but the TGF-beta mRNA up-regulated in IUGR placentas of mothers from a population with multiple risk factors for IUGR. We propose that the low IL-10 in the placenta may be involved in the pathogenesis of IUGR and might possibly be treatable.
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| 2. |
- Hanson, Lars A, et al.
(author)
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Immune system modulation by human milk.
- 2002
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In: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. - 0065-2598 .- 2214-8019. ; 503, s. 99-106
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Hanson, Lars Åke, 1934, et al.
(author)
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Growth and nutrition: the first six months
- 2008
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In: Nestlé Nutrition workshop series. Paediatric programme. - Basel : KARGER. - 1661-6677. ; 61, s. 123-34
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Today the WHO Growth Chart Standards, based on the growth of breastfed infants, are used. These growth curves solve the problem of the deviating observations for breastfed compared to non-breastfed infants using previous growth charts. Presently it is not clear how the mother's diet, especially the fat intake, influences the growth of the offspring. Animal experiments indicate that a low intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids via the milk may have short- and long-term negative consequences. There is limited information in man. It has been suggested that the mammary glands may have phylogenetically originated from glands providing innate immunity, later developing capacities for providing nutrition. This would agree with the fact that human milk contains so many major components which do not primarily function as nutrients, but seem to protect nutrition and growth. Lactoferrin, oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, secretory IgA antibodies, alpha-lactalbumin and the antisecretory factor have such functions.
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| 7. |
- Khan, Mohsin Saeed, et al.
(author)
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HIV, STI prevalence and risk behaviours among women selling sex in Lahore, Pakistan
- 2011
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In: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 11, s. 119-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: More than 340 million cases of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were estimated to have occurred worldwide in 1995. Previous studies have shown that the presence of other concomitant STIs increases the likelihood of HIV transmission. The first national study of STIs conducted in Pakistan in 2004 revealed a high burden of STIs among women selling sex. The HIV epidemic in Pakistan has thus far followed the "Asian epidemic model". Earlier studies among women selling sex have shown a low prevalence of HIV coupled with a low level of knowledge about AIDS. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of HIV and STIs, and assess knowledge and risk behaviours related to HIV/STI, among women selling sex in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A total of 730 participants were recruited through respondent-driven sampling. The participants were women selling sex in three areas (referred to as "A", "B", and "C") of Lahore. A structured questionnaire addressing demographic information, sexual life history, sexual contacts, and knowledge and practices related to HIV/STI prevention was administered by face-to-face interview. Biological samples were obtained from all participants and tested for HIV, Treponema pallidum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis. Pearson's chi-square and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to test associations between potential risk factors and specified diagnosed infections. Results: The prevalence of HIV infection was 0.7%, T pallidum 4.5%, N gonorrhoeae 7.5%, C trachomatis 7.7% and T vaginalis 5.1%. The participants had been selling sex for a median period of seven years and had a median of three clients per day. Sixty five percent of the participants reported that they "Always use condom". The median fee per sexual contact was Rs. 250 (3 Euro). Compared to Areas A and C, women selling sex in Area B had a significantly higher risk of chlamydial infection, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis. Among the participants, 37% had correct knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission and its prevention. Conclusions: The prevalence of HIV was <1%, and of any other STI 18.5% among participating women selling sex in Lahore, Pakistan. A reasonably high condom use, a relatively low number of sexual partners, and a relatively low prevalence of STIs might have contributed to the low HIV prevalence.
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| 8. |
- Zaman, Shakila, et al.
(author)
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B 221, a medical food containing antisecretory factor reduces child diarrhoea: a placebo controlled trial.
- 2007
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In: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 96:11, s. 1655-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: We investigated whether egg yolk in the form of B221 (Salovum), a medical food containing antisecretory factor (AF) might be used for treatment of acute and prolonged diarrhoea. Methods: 240 children 6-24 months of age, half with acute diarrhoea (<7 days) and half with prolonged diarrhoea (>/=7 days) were randomly given 2 g of B221 or placebo every 5 h for 3 days, added to an oral rehydration salt solution. Results: B221 reduced the number of stools in the acute diarrhoea group compared with placebo (day 3, p = 0.0054). Stools normalizing in consistency (day 3, p = 0.053) and recovery within 3 days was commoner in the B221 group (p < 0.001). A successful outcome was recorded in 82.8% in the B221 group, compared to 54.4% in the placebo group. In the group with prolonged diarrhoea the stool consistency normalized earlier in the patients receiving B221 than in the patients receiving placebo (p = 0.008). A successful outcome was obtained in 90.9% and 63.2%, (p = 0.0011) in the B221 and placebo-treated groups respectively. Conclusion: B221, which is a medical food, can be used to significantly improve the condition of children with acute, as well as prolonged diarrhoea caused by a broad range of undefined pathogens.
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