| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Cities in the lead of sustainable transitions. The structuration of an emergent field of waste prevention policies in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: NESS 2015.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the role of cities in sustainability transitions informed by institutional entrepreneurship theory, and based on the case of waste prevention projects in the city of Göteborg. The paper is structured by two research questions: how do municipalities perform the new role of waste prevention? And what are the implications of this new role for sustainable transitions? The paper shows how cities can turn into agents of change and institutional entrepreneurship through the recombination and mobilization of resources (human, financial, material and spatial), rationales (reframing symbols, challenging taboos and transforming waste socio-materialities) and relations (via internal and external collaboration, and the creation of new institutional arrangements, roles and expectations). Emerging environmental policies, such as waste prevention, represent the structuration of a new organizational field. This new generation of environmental policies operate expanding the scope of the public sector (publicness); challenging taboos such the intromission of the publicness into the privateness; and eroding a predominant pro-growth logic.
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| 3. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Repair Movements’ Commoning Practices. The Case of the Bike-Kitchen in Sweden.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Opening the Bin – Helsingborg, Sweden, April 27 – 29, 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In response to the current consume-and-discard society, the last years have seen a rapid proliferation of collective mobilizations around repair and maintenance, aimed at challenging the patterns of production and consumption within neoliberal capitalism. This paper contributes to current efforts to expand environmental movement and organization studies theories with the urban commons literature to explore the role of maintenance, repair and care in ‘commoning’- or in other words creating urban commons. The paper is informed by the case of the Bike-Kitchen in Gothenburg, a bicycle repair workshop where abandoned bikes are recovered and given to members who are taught to repair them. In-depth interviews, ethnographical and visual observations support the analysis. In the paper we show how through their repairing practices, these movements develop the ability to reinvent, appropriate, and provide urban commons by transforming private assets –the bikes- and space, on their own terms, as an alternative to market and State. As it has also been observed in life-style movements, our analysis also notes how the openness of the commons movement, fuels a broad recruitment of participants driven by diverse rationales and motivations. The paper shows the ability of commoners to imagine and create the value-to-be and the affordances in these assets; as well as to develop the knowledge, competences and practices needed to recover and repair the bikes and create new urban commons. It also shows how these movements, without overtly expressing a conscious political action, challenge dominant institutions such as private ownership and recall alternative imaginaries through ideas of environmental stewardship, and duties of care.
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| 4. |
- Álvarez de Andrés, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Networked Social Movements and the Politics of Mortgage: From the Right to Housing to the Assault on Institutions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Lessons from the Great Recession: At the Crossroads of Sustainability and Recovery (Advances in Sustainability and Environmental Justice, Volume 18). - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2051-5030. ; , s. 231-249
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: In the aftermath of the Great Recession, over 500,000 families have been evicted from their homes since Spain’s property market crashed in 2008. The response of Spanish local communities has been the emergence of a networked social movement, Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (PAH), endeavouring to build a more sustainable future through upholding the right to housing. This chapter examines the ability of the PAH social movement to uphold the right to housing and prompt social and institutional change in Spain. Methodology/approach: This is a single-case study of the PAH social movement in Spain. The data are of three types: texts, photos, and films disseminated via the mass media, social networks, and PAH websites; informal conversations with PAH participants from Barcelona and Madrid; and observations and personal interviews held in two local PAH groups, that is, Móstoles and Elche. Findings: In this chapter, first we explore the birth of PAH and its later spread from Barcelona to hundreds of cities in Spain and beyond, as a social reaction to the economic recession and decisions made by political, administrative, and financial institutions in response to the economic crisis. Then, by analysing the internal dynamics of two PAH groups, we discuss how networked social movements such as PAH can create spaces of citizenship that challenge taken-for-granted principles of capitalism, prompting social change. Finally, we uncover how, due to PAH’s advocacy work addressing a structural lack of emergency and social housing, the Spanish public administration is developing new roles and allocating new resources to guarantee the right to housing, a social policy area historically neglected in Spain. Practical implications: New social housing offices are being established in municipalities in Spain as a result of PAH’s advocacy work. Originality/value: The strengthening of social capital and movements in the aftermath of the economic crisis has the ability to prompt investment in social areas such as housing.
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| 5. |
- Andrés, Eva Àlvarez de, et al.
(författare)
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Stop the evictions! The diffusion of networked social movements and the emergence of a hybrid space: The case of the Spanish Mortgage Victims Group
- 2015
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Ingår i: Habitat International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-3975. ; 46:April, s. 252-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over 350,000 families have been evicted from their homes since Spain's property market crashed in 2008. The response of Spanish civil society has been the emergence of a networked social movement, Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (PAH; the Spanish Mortgage Victims Group), to stop the evictions and change applicable legislation. This paper uses social movement theory and the travel of ideas metaphor from organization theory to understand how the PAH movement and its practices and tactics, originally born in Barcelona in 2009, have successfully spread to over 160 cities and stopped over 1135 evictions throughout the country. We argue that the ability of networked social movements to quickly replicate has fuelled their power to resist, protest, and induce change. We contend that the fast growth of networked social movements in Global North and South cities, is fuelled by its ability to create a hybrid space between communication networks and occupied urban space in which face-to-face assemblies and protests take place.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Corvellec, Hervé, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Acting on distances: A topology of accounting inscriptions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Accounting, Organizations and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 0361-3682 .- 1873-6289. ; 67:May, s. 56-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following on the reiterated claim that accounting inscriptions make action at a distance possible, we draw on post-mathematical topology to explain that this distance work is dependent on inscriptions acting on distances. By adopting a relational understanding of space, we show that accounting inscriptions by themselves create the distances across which they operate. Our case study uses pay-as-youthrow solid waste-collection invoices in a new waste-collection program aimed at increasing the sustainability of waste management. By displaying weight and cost side by side, these invoices conduct topological operations that dissolve, create, and redefine the distance between people and their waste, between the economy and the environment, and between the city and its residents. The ability of these operations to mobilize a sense of environmental responsibility, enroll residents in the city's plans for sustainability, and translate political ambitions into individual behavior demonstrates that the performativity of accounting inscriptions resides in the efficacy of their distance work.v
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| 10. |
- Corvellec, Hervé, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Avfallsförebyggande handlar om effektiv produktion och genomtänkt konsumtion – inte om avfall. Sju lärdomar från forskningsprojektet från avfallshantering till avfallsförebyggande
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport sammanfattar de viktigaste lärdomarna från forskningsprojektet ”Från avfallshantering till avfallsförebyggande”. I forskningsprojektet har forskare från Lunds universitet och Göteborgs universitet, men också Umeå Universitet och Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, studerat avfallsförebyggande. Syftet med projektet har varit att identifiera och förklara svårigheterna med att förverkliga de avfallsförebyggandepolitiska målen. Forskarna har närmat sig projektets syfte genom innehållsanalys av avfallsplaner, kvantitativa och kvalitativa studier av avfallsförebyggande- initiativ, teoretisk kritik av stadsplanering, och kartläggning av hinder för avfallsförebyggande. Projektet har bedrivits i tät samverkan med kommuner, kommunala avfallsbolag, myndigheter, sociala rörelser och företag. Det har finansierats av forskningsrådet Formas (Dnr 259-2013-210). För den som vill veta mer finns källor refererade löpande i texten och redovisat i referenslistan i slutet av rapporten. Det går även bra att kontakta respektive forskare. Under Interna referenser redovisas de vetenskapliga artiklar, konferensbidrag, seminarier, uppsatser, reportage, debattartiklar, och nya forskningsprojekt som forskningsprojektet har lett till. På projektets webbplats www.ism.lu.se/mtp redogörs i detalj för projektet, till exempel de workshopar som har organiserats inom projektets ram.
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| 11. |
- Corvellec, Hervé, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Tre av fyra jobbar med förebyggande
- 2016
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Ingår i: Avfall och Miljö. - 0284-1827. ; 29:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 73 procent av svenska kommuner jobbar för att minska mängden av- fall, enligt siffror från Boverket. Det finns många goda exempel men mer systematiskt arbete krävs, menar tre forskare som analyserat enkäten
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| 12. |
- Corvellec, Hervé, et al.
(författare)
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Tre av fyra jobbar med förebyggande
- 2016
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Ingår i: Avfall och Miljö. - 1654-5087. ; 31:1, s. 33-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 13. |
- Corvellec, Hervé, et al.
(författare)
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Waste prevention is about effective production and thoughtful consumption – not about waste : Seven lessons from the research project from waste management to waste prevention
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report summarises the most important lessons learned from the research project From waste management to waste prevention. In the research project, researchers from Lund University and the University of Gothenburg, but also Umeå University and the Royal Institute of Technology, have studied waste prevention.The aim of the project has been to identify and clarify the difficulties in realising the goals of waste prevention policy. Researchers have approached the project’s purpose through content analysis of waste plans, quantitative and qualitative studies of waste prevention initiatives, criticism of urban planning theory, andthe mapping of obstacles to waste prevention.The project has been conducted in close cooperation with municipalities, municipal waste companies, authorities, social movements and companies. It has been financed by the Research Council Formas (Ref. no. 259-2013-210).
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| 14. |
- de Azevedo, Adalberto Mantovani Martiniano, et al.
(författare)
-
Inclusive Waste Governance and Grassroots Innovations for Social, Environmental And Economic Change
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Participants of two research projects (Recycling Networks: Grassroots resilience tackling climate, environmental and poverty challenges (funded by the Swedish Research Council) and Mapping Waste Governance (funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada) collaborate in offering a critical inter- and transdisciplinary perspective on waste and waste actors (waste picker cooperatives, associations, community-based organizations, partnerships, networks and NGOs). The research is conducted in the following cities: Buenos Aires (Argentina), São Paulo (Brazil), Vancouver and Montreal (Canada), Kisumu (Kenya), Managua (Nicaragua) and Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). Together we examine the challenges that innovative grassroots initiatives and networks encounter in generating livelihoods to improve household waste collection and recycling, particularly in informal settlements of global South cities. We seek to map waste governance and successful waste management initiatives, arrangements and policies involving grassroots initiatives. In this report, we present a brief description of solid waste governance in the cities where we conducted fieldwork. We then illuminate some of our findings on grassroots innovations involving waste pickers or waste workers in these cities. Both research projects combine multi-case studies of waste picker groups and local government initiatives, apply qualitative research tools and participatory action research (e.g. photo voice, participant observation, workshops, surveys and interviews). We are interested in understanding processes, challenges and opportunities related to how these grassroots initiatives and networks operate to bring about socio-environmental and economic change? How they address challenges and what the assets are in everyday waste governance that can be explored to make waste governance more sustainable and thus more inclusive? Researchers involved in these two projects, key stakeholders from grassroots initiatives in these countries, representatives from some international waste picker networks and local and regional government officials from Kisumu, Kenya, met between 23rd and 29th of April 2018, in Kisumu to present and discuss the results of the first year of research activities, which are herewith documented.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Gutberlet, Jutta, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging Weak Links of Solid Waste Management in Informal Settlements
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Environment and Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 1070-4965 .- 1552-5465. ; 26:1, s. 106-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many cities in the global South suffer from vast inadequacies and deficiencies in their solid waste management. In the city of Kisumu in Kenya, waste management is frag- mented and insufficient with most household waste remaining uncollected. Solid waste enters and leaves public space through an intricate web of connected, mostly informal, actions. This article scrutinizes waste management of informal settlements, based on the case of Kisumu, to identify weak links in waste manage- ment chains and find neighborhood responses to bridge these gaps. Systems theory and action net theory support our analysis to understand the actions, actors, and processes associated with waste and its management. We use qualitative data from fieldwork and hands on engagement in waste management in Kisumu. Our main conclusion is that new waste initiatives should build on existing waste management practices already being performed within informal settlements by waste scavengers, waste pickers, waste entrepreneurs, and community-based organizations.
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| 19. |
- Gutberlet, Jutta, et al.
(författare)
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From community-based organization to socio-environmental entrepreneur. The case of household waste collection in Kisumu’s informal settlements
- 2015
-
Ingår i: 5th CIRIEC International Research Conference on Social Economy 15–18 July 2015, Lisbon, Portugal.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to understand the process by which socio-environmental entrepreneurs providing waste collection services in informal settlements succeed, to consolidate their operations. The entrepreneurs in the recycling sector described in our paper are part of emerging experiences, most prominent in the global South, that fall under the Social and Solidarity Economy and the evolving field of Social Entrepreneurship. These theoretical frameworks offer complementary strategies to address some of the challenges such entrepreneurs face in their everyday context. The paper will combine both theoretical frameworks, which have inspired the two main questions addressed in this paper: What makes an informal waste collection initiative get established, succeed, and grow? And, how can Social and Solidarity Economy and Social Entrepreneurship frameworks support these micro-enterprises? Methodologically, the paper is based on the case study of three waste pickers entrepreneurs in Kisumu, Kenya, characterized as social micro-enterprises, who have succeeded to consolidate their operations in informal and formal settlements. In-depth interviews, observations and document analysis have been used to collect data. Inspired by Social and Solidarity Economy and Social Entrepreneurship theories we have analyzed our data (mostly transcriptions from interviews) following patterns of creative abduction in back- and-forth moves between sorting, coding, probing of the data, and collecting new data until reconstructing the story of the three socio-environmental entrepreneurs. Our findings show how these initiatives, born as community-based organizations (CBOs), succeeded to consolidate and expand by developing towards socio-environmental entrepreneurship models. In the paper we discuss this transition process and question its implications both for the entrepreneurs and the communities they serve.
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| 20. |
- Gutberlet, Jutta, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-environmental entrepreneurship and the provision of critical services in informal settlements
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environment & Urbanization. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-2478 .- 1746-0301. ; 28:1, s. 205-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper contributes to the understanding of processes by which small-scale entrepreneurs who provide household waste collection in informal settlements succeed in formalized co-production of such services. The paper draws on the social and solidarity economy and social and environmental entrepreneurship theoretical frameworks, which offer complementary understandings of diverse strategies to tackle everyday challenges. Two questions are addressed: How do informal waste collection initiatives get established, succeed and grow? What are the implications of this transition for the entrepreneurs themselves, the communities, the environmental governance system and the scholarship? A case study is presented, based on three waste picker entrepreneurs in Kisumu, Kenya, who have consolidated and expanded their operations in informal settlements but also extended social and environmental activities into formal settlements. The paper demonstrates how initiatives, born as community-based organizations, become successful social micro-enterprises, driven by a desire to address socioenvironmental challenges in their neighbourhoods.
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| 21. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Assumed Qualities of Compact Cities: Divergences Between the Global North and the Global South in the Research Discourse
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 17th N-AERUS Conference: 2016 Gothenburg (Sweden). Gothenburg, 16-19 November, 2016..
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compact cities are promoted widely in policy as a response to current societal challenges, but it is unclear or ambiguous what qualities or benefits a compact city is supposed to deliver. In research, the compact city concept is widely debated in the literature, and there are many arguments both for and against compact cities. However, many studies or reviews tend to apply a delimited approach, discussing a confined number of qualities or base the assessment on quite narrow empirical material. Research is also carried out from within a number of separate disciplines or “discourses”. An improved understanding of the wide spectrum of compact city qualities would support better planning, governance and management of cities. This paper therefore aims to provide an improved understanding of the wide spectrum of compact city qualities in support of better planning, governance and management of cities in the Global South. The objective is to present a review of current articles discussing the compact city to capture similarities and differences in the academic discourse between Global North and Global South contexts, and to outline a comprehensive compact city taxonomy. The analysis is based on literature searches in the Scopus database for 2012-2015, using the search term “compact city”. A quantitative assessment was carried out, sifting out what terms are used to label purported (or debated) qualities of compact cities. Papers are sorted into different categories according to geoeconomic context (i.e., Global North, BRICS, Global South). The outcome is an extended taxonomy of compact city qualities, including twelve categories. Weaknesses in compact city research aimed at cities in the Global South were identified, especially linked to nature, health, environment issues, quality of life, sociocultural aspects, justice and economy, as well as a significant lack of compact city research linked to urban adaptability and resilience.
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| 22. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Co-production of Services in Informal Settlements: Waste management in Kisumu, Kenya
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In many informal settlements, a large number of informal sectors waste pickers collect and separate household waste, providing an important service. However, waste pickers represent one of the most excluded, impoverished and disempowered segments of society. This study explores the challenges and potential solutions for the co-production of participatory waste management services in informal settlements, using the case of informal settlements in Kisumu, Kenya. Researchers conducted interviews, focus group discussions, participatory workshops and action on ground as part of extensive eldwork between 2014 and 2015. This report illustrates the challenges and opportunities to improve waste management in informal settlements through community participation and the inclusion of waste pickers. The results of the project are presented in three sections based on different academic articles where the result of the project rst was published. The rst article “Bridging Weak Links of Solid Waste Management in Informal Settlements” presents a number of opportunities that can be used to improve waste management systems in informal settlements. The second article “Socio-environmental entrepreneurship and the provision of critical services in informal settlements” examines the role of waste entrepreneurs in informal settlements as environmental stewards. Although seeing the contribution of waste entrepreneurs as very positive, however this article still questions the privati- zation of important services, such as waste collection. There is a risk of developing clientelistic relationships, of eroding collective solutions for the servicing of neighbourhoods and cities, and of abandoning the least af uent but majority of residents and settlements. The nal article is titled “Translating policies into in- formal settlements’ critical services: reframing, anchoring and muddling through”. It discusses the Kisumu Integrated Sustainable Waste Management Plan (KISWAMP) that succeeded to dignify, or reframe, waste picking as a critical community service and as a decent profession. Waste management also gained internal status as a legitimate area of policy making within the municipality and was turned it into an important service worth paying for. Yet it did not suf ciently anchor some of the new practices in the informal settlements, such as the partnership arrangements with waste entrepreneurs or the maintenance of waste transfer points. The report outlines challenges and opportunities at the same time, and ends with some policy recommendation for integrating waste pickers in the provision of services at the municipal level.
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| 23. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Collective Strategies of Resistance in Compact Global South Cities. Stories From the Residents of the Villa Rodrigo Bueno
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of what citizen-driven strategies are developed to cope with informal urbanisation and urban compactness. More precisely, the paper explores the intersection between informal urbanisation processes, informal economy and networks of solidarity and citizenship, in the context of compact cities. In particular, this paper aims to examine the creation of novel and collective forms of strategizing and organising resistance articulated from the informal settlements to build up alternative notions of the city from below. In order to do that the paper is empirically informed by the case of Argentina, a country that has experienced in the last decades the revival of villas miseria (misery town or shanty towns), as a result of successive economic crisis and migration waves. The history of one of these villas miserias, Rodrigo Bueno, in Puerto Madero, the most expensive urban development in Argentina, serves to illustrate the creation and maintenance of the informal city as an alternative urban logic, as well as the continuous process of stabilisation and resistance to the institutional arrangements threatening its existence.
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| 24. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Combating poverty and building democracy through the coproduction of participatory waste management services The case of Kisumu City, Kenya
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In an increasingly urbanized world, a third of the global urban population will soon live in informal settlements1. Many of these areas are poorly connected to basic services, such as management of household waste2. Instead, an extensive informal sector of waste pickers collects and separates household waste3 4. By doing so, they make a significant contribution to improving the health of residents and local environments, to recover resources, to create jobs and income among the urban poor, and even to reduce the carbon footprint of their cities.
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| 25. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Obunga Clean Up
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Combating poverty and building democracy through the co-production of participatory waste management services: The case of Kisumu, Kenya A research project by: The inhabitants of Obunga, Nyalenda and Manyatta The many waste actors in Kisumu City of Kisumu County Government of Kisumu Kisumu Waste Management Services KWAMS Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology JOOUST Maseno University University of Victoria University of Gothenburg Chalmers University of Technology Funded by: The Swedish International Centre for Local Democracy ICLD
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Translating Policies into Informal Settlements' Critical Services: Reframing, Anchoring and Muddling Through
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Public Administration and Development. - : Wiley. - 0271-2075 .- 1099-162X. ; 36:5, s. 330-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines how policies and plans are translated into informal settlements' practice. It builds on literature on policy implementation practice and organization studies, and more particularly, it applies the concepts of reframing, anchoring and muddling through. The paper is informed by the case of Kisumu City in Kenya and its Kisumu Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan and its implementation on Kisumu's informal settlements. The plan was funded by the Swedish International Development Agency through the United Nations Human Settlement Programme and implemented from 2007 to 2009. The study is based on action research carried out by a multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary group of researchers, through focus groups, participatory workshops, collaborative action, in-depth interviews, document analysis and observations. The paper examines what original aspects of Kisumu Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan were translated, that is, which ones faded out and which ones became stabilized into and travel as ‘best practices’ to other locations. The paper shows how the generation of ‘best practices’ can be loosely coupled with the practices that policy seeks to change. It concludes, in line with previous research in the field, how successful policy implementation is based on cultural and political interpretations rather on evidence of improved practices.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Creating new institutions for sustainable transitions. The history of the upcycling station in Sweden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 13th Conference of the European Sociology Association, Athens 29.08.2017 – 01.09.2017.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In today’s consume-and-discard society a steady increase in waste generated per person threatens the overall sustainability of our planet. In response to this global environmental challenge, recent European and national directives have shifted the emphasis to re-circulating and re-using practices. This paper examines the role of cities in fostering sustainable transitions based on the case of the ‘re-circulating room’ in Sweden. The paper starts with a historical reconstruction of reuse parks in Sweden which have also derived into re-circulating mini-parks in city districts and re-circulating rooms in housing block apartments where residents can exchange, borrow, repair or create items, as a combination of a reuse room and a makerspace. In the first part of the paper, we trace how the idea of reuse-park has travelled and been locally translated into different re-circulating rooms in cities in Sweden. The second part of the paper zooms in on the case of the city of Gothenburg where the first reuse park in Sweden was created, and where the City of Gothenburg is in the process of creating several re-circulating mini-parks in city districts in collaboration with public housing companies and civil society organizations. Based on interviews, document analysis and meeting observations, the paper examines the process of creation of this new type of infrastructure, under the prism of institutional entrepreneurship theory, by examining how these projects recombine and mobilize resources (human, financial, material-and spatial), rationales (reframing symbols, transforming abjection to waste into positive creativity) and relations (via internal and external collaboration and the creation of new institutional arrangements, roles and expectations). The paper concludes with a discussion around the role of cities in sustainable transitions towards de-materialization policies.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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From governing at distance, to governing on distances. Drawing immigrants closer to the labour market.
- 2018
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Ingår i: 19th Nordic Migration Research Conference, New (Im)mobilities: Migration and Race in the Era of Authoritarianism, 15-17 August 2018, Norrköping.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is common to talk about labour market integration of immigrants by using the distance metaphor. Immigrants are often told to be ‘far away’ from the labour market, some being described as ‘low-hanging fruits’, others as offering figurate ‘resistance’ to participate in the labour integration pro-grams aiming to draw them closer to the labour market. The way local labour market integration pol-icies are being organised is also changing. Many of the initiatives lead by public, private and civil soci-ety organisations are moving their operations closer to their target groups, in different ways: physically by moving their headquarters to the suburbs where immigrants live; culturally by employing staff speaking the languages and understanding the culture of these groups; time-wise, by displacing their activities at the times these groups are available; or cognitively by communication strategies reaching these distant groups. By adopting a relational understanding of space and distances this paper aims to examine the shift from governing immigrants and refugees at distance to governing or acting on the distances be-tween these groups and the labour market, and its consequences. The paper examines the technologies, practices and routines developed by several initiatives in the city of Gothenburg, to act on the distances existing between the immigrants and the labour market, between the institutions participating in these initiatives and the suburbs where immigrants live.
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| 34. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Governing grassroots infrastructure – Resident associations and infrastructure provisioning in informal settlements
- 2018
-
Ingår i: www.laemos2018.net.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disruptions in critical infrastructures are part of everyday life for the millions of citizens living in informal settlements, as they constantly have to improvise, create routines, competences, relations and new knowledge to cope with these disturbances. Yet, residents in informal settlements around the world do not remain passive regarding the deteriorating socio-environmental conditions within their neighbourhoods. In the absence of formal infrastructures and services, grassroots resilience initiatives (such as resident associations, women associations, youth groups, self-help groups, community-based organisations, cooperatives, public-private partnerships) articulate the necessary resources, relations and rationales to create and reproduce critical infrastructures (e.g. delivering access to money, water or food) and to construct more inclusive forms of urban governance. Acknowledging the central rol of infrastructures for an inclusive urban development, the social science literature (mostly geography, urban studies or anthropology) has experienced in recent years, what has been called as the ‘infrastructure’ turn (Graham, 2010). Breaking up with traditional views that infrastructures are apolitical and thus not worthy of attention (MacFarlane and Rutherford, 2008; Coutard, 1999), these scholars approach the study of infrastructures as much more than being mere technological and material issues; they also embody social interests and values (Star, 1999) and therefore become politicized assemblages of artefacts and practices (Graham, 2010). Previous research has argued that it is possible to understand the politics of infrastructure and its implications through the study of infrastructure disruptions (Graham, 2010) or institutionalized informality, for example in informal settlements in Global South cities (MacFarlane, 2008, 2011, Trovalla and Trovalla, 2015, Zapata Campos and Zapata, 2013) “in ways that are rarely possible when such systems are functioning normally” (Graham, 2010, p.3). Whilst critical studies on infrastructure networks have often focused on the holistic macro dimension of the networks, the practices enacted in more localized parts of the infrastructure network, and the way they localize meaning, seems to be understudied (Chelcea and Pulay, 2015). The present study intends to contribute to this understanding of the political character of infrastructure, but it shifts the attention towards two aspects less discussed in the literature. First, a redefinition of infrastructures as practice based (Anand 2012) and situational (Chelcea, 2016), which therefore makes it necessary to study everyday infrastructuring practices at the user level. Second, a focus on the role of grassroots organisations in creating and governing these infrastructures in informal settlements. The paper originally brings together organisation studies (e.g. the concepts of partial organisation and institutional infrastructure), and the study of infrastructures in urban studies. It aims first, to examine the role of grassroots organisations in the production and governance of critical infrastructure in the context of uncertainty and scarcity of Global South cities’ informal settlements; and second, to explore the political implications of grassroot infrastructures by examining how they lead to efforts to create governmental structures to maintain them, to connect them to formal systems, and to bring in new infrastructures and services to the informal settlements. Empirically the paper is informed by the case of three grassroots organisations in three informal settlements in Kisumu, Kenya. The case study includes document studies, ethnographical and participatory observations, shadowing, visual ethnography, interviews, focus group interviews, social media, and stakeholder workshops between 2014 and 2018. Particularly the paper focuses on semi-structured interviews carried out with grassroot initiatives, politicians and public officers. The preliminary analysis of the data shows how the management and governance of critical infrastructure is characterized by four features: a) flexibly configured organisational landscapes versus formal façades; b) critical but hidden material/organisational infrastructure sustaining human and organisational life; c) nested versus floating infrastructure; and d) dormant (discretionary) but visible infrastructure.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Infiltrating citizen-driven initiatives for sustainability
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Politics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0964-4016 .- 1743-8934. ; 26:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine how citizen-driven initiatives for sustainability strive to bring about change and spread their practices, efforts to link social movement, grassroots innovation and green-consumption movements theory are built upon. Göteborg’s citizen-driven waste-prevention initiatives, such as food waste recovery, creating common reuse spaces in housing blocks, exchanging used toys and repairing abandoned bicycles, are considered with data from observations, workshops, documents, social media communications and in-depth interviews. Citizen-driven initiatives succeeded in mobilizing material resources, displaying and reframing various rationales, and creating collaborative local networks to develop their waste-prevention practices. These practices infiltrated the municipal administration, matching incipient institutional mandates to minimize waste. By so doing, they bring within mainstream institutions radical rationales that can become activated in the future, contributing to diachronic change.
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| 37. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Infiltrating commoning practices in local environmental governance
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Sociological Association Research Committee 21 on Urban and Regional Development -- Rethinking Global Urban Justice September 11-13 2017 | Leeds.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the current consume-and-discard society and the commoditization and privatisation of public space in cities, citizen-driven initiatives, are developing new practices in an attempt to resisting high-consumption lifestyles, addressing green political consumption practices (Halkier 2009, Hargreaves 2011) and seeking less and more careful consumption. Food networks (Levkoe and Wakefield 2013), time banking (Laamanen et al. 2015), or urban food farming (Doberning and Stagl 2015), have been outlined as part of new social movements such as voluntary simplicity (Grigsby 2004, Alexander and Ussher 2012), anti-consumption (Portwood-Stacer 2012), transition town (Scott-Cato and Hillier 2010), do-it-your-self, open-source urbanism (Bradley, 2015) and lifestyle (Haenfler et al. 2012) movements. The rationales underlying these movements are broad, ranging from anti-capitalist ideology, minimalism, and frugality (Evans 2011) to a culture of thrift and material constraints (Gregson et al. 2013). Still, they all share a radical, though often implicit and superficially unthreatening, critique of the surfeit of materials and consumption in affluent societies (Czarniawska and Löfgren 2014), and the corporate domination in production and consumption (Bradley, 2014). Unlike other environmental movements these initiatives challenge a privatised and commoditized urban development, not through overt confrontation with political institutions but through their everyday practices. Cooking food recovered from food store dumpsters in an open public party, or transforming a parking slot into a temporary park (Bradley, 2015), become into political actions whereby citizens express political and moral concerns without engaging in conventional activism (Zapata Campos and Zapata, forthcoming). But even more importantly. Through their practices, these movements develop the ability to reinvent, appropriate, and provide urban commons - such as repaired bikes, second-hand clothes or recovered food – by transforming private assets and space, on their own terms, as an alternative to market and State (Ostrom, 1990). The paper contributes to current efforts to expand social movement and organization studies theories (e.g. Diani and Bison 2004, Della Porta and Diani 2006, Sheinberg and Lounsbury, 2008) with the urban commons literature (e.g. Ostrom, 1990, Harvey, 2012, Borch and Kornberger, 2015) to answer the following question: What organisational practices driven by citizen initiatives govern the creation of urban commons and bring about socio-environmental change through mainstream institutions? The paper is informed by citizen-driven initiatives involved in sustainable consumption and waste prevention practices in the city of Göteborg, initiatives targeting, for example food waste recovery (i.e. the food-recovery project driven by university students and the social entrepreneur ALLWIN), creating common reuse spaces in housing blocks (i.e. Free Boutique), exchanging used toys (i.e. Retoy), establishing bicycle repair workshop (Bicycle Kitchen), and the organization of bicycle Re-Cycle days by a student association. The next section introduces the literature on the governance of commons and social movement theory and presents the theoretical framework used in analysing the case. The methods used to collect and analyse the data are then presented, followed by a description of citizen-driven waste prevention initiatives in Göteborg. The findings are discussed to explore how these initiatives succeeded in mobilizing material resources, transforming them into commons. The paper ends up with a concluding discussion around the ability of these commoning practices to infiltrate and shape local environmental governance.
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| 38. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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IOR collaboration, municipalities and labour integration - The case of One Stop Future Shop
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Conference on Immigration and Labour Market Integration November 13–15, 2017, Gothenburg.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper explores the changing role of the public sector in the organising of the integration of refugees and immigrants on the labour market, and particularly the re-territorialisation of the state and the development of new roles in local and regional governments to facilitate labour integration with innovative methods. It is empirically based on a project funded by the European Union and led by a Swedish municipality with the purpose to stimulate entrepreneurship among young, women and people with a migrant background in order to promote labour integration in marginalised urban areas. The project is the result of a collaborative effort between city district, NGOs, business organizations and Universities. Research methods include in-depth interviews, observations and document analysis. Theoretically, the paper is inspired by institutional theory to explore the institutional effects of interorganizational collaboration that may form the basis for broader, longer-term, field-level changes. The paper explores to what extent these collaborations may reproduce existing conditions in an institutional field or have the potential to transform the field (this is, the changing role of municipalities in labour market integration) as a source of innovation. It discusses to what extent these novel practices, technologies and structures become institutionalized and internalized within the ordinary structure of municipalities or otherwise turn into parallel and temporary structures to the municipality.
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| 39. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Organising grassroots initiatives for a more inclusive governance: constructing the city from below
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The project examines how grassroots organizations and networks providing urban critical services in informal settlements contribute to improve the quality of life of urban dwellers and to more inclusive forms of urban governance, constructing the city from below. The project is informed by the study of Kisumu’s informal settlements’ Resident Associations, the Water Delegated Management Model, and the Kisumu Waste Actors Network. The study adopted an action-research approach with researchers working with citizens, politicians, officers and entrepreneurs in all stages of the research process and used a combination of methods including document studies, ethnographic and participatory observations, visual ethnography, interviews, focus groups, social media analysis and stakeholder work- shops as well as participatory videotaping. The study discusses a) the institutionalization of grassroots organizations for the delivery of critical infrastructure and services and their need to gain, regain and maintain legitimacy; b) their flexible and nested structure facili- tating their resilience; c) their embeddedness in the communities’ knowledge and assets, and their role as social and institutional entrepreneurs to bridge informal settlements with city governance; d) the redefinition of the roles of the citizen, from passive into active agents, and its transformation into more autonomous and insurgent citizens; e) the blending of civic and material rationales and the construction of more fluid identities allowing citizens to draw pragmatically from a broader repertoire of roles and resources; f) and the creation of grassroots organizations as a collective process that emerge from different directions, with the ability to become gateways but also gatekeepers, or the top of the grass at their communities. It concludes with recommendations to informal settlements’ resident grass- roots organizations, public officers, NGOs, politicians, researchers and citizens in general, engaged in constructing a more inclusive city governance from below.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Unexpected translations in urban policy mobility. The case of the Acahualinca development programme in Managua, Nicaragua
- 2015
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Ingår i: Habitat International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-3975. ; 46:April, s. 271-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Implementation gaps between policy goals and outcomes are of increasing concern in practice and research. We explore the translation chains through which urban policies become mobile and are translated into practice. Informed by the city management and policy mobility literature, we conduct a case study of La Chureca, the rubbish dump and slum of Managua, Nicaragua, and its renewal programme. The Acahualinca Programme was implemented via translation chains enacted by many policy translators. It was translated into residents' and waste collectors' interests, its language packaged in artefacts such as prototypes in order to travel. It was made mobile via relational sites or situations providing safe and accessible connections with Chureca residents. Paradoxically, these places also allowed extraordinary connections between actors located in different scales and spaces, facilitating unexpected local community resistance. Although the Program ultimately remained almost unalterable in content, resistance unexpectedly transformed residents from passive policy transmitters into active policy actors in making the city. We conclude that policy implementation cannot be seen as the scripted translation of plans into reality, but as an uncontrollable process in which multiple translations twist policies and plans from below. The significant question is therefore not whether plans succeed, but how they succeed.
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| 42. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Urban informality and networks of livelihood and solidarity in compact cities
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Sociological Association Research Committee 21 on Urban and Regional Development -- Rethinking Global Urban Justice September 11-13 2017 | Leeds.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of which qualities a city needs to include to be a so called compact city, and what strategies are developed to cope with informal urbanization and urban compactness. More precisely, the paper explores the intersection between informal urbanization processes, informal economy and networks of solidarity and citizenship, in the context of compact cities. The paper is informed by twenty-five in-depth interviews with residents living in informal and highly densified neighbourhoods in Havana, Cuba, and also by site observations. The paper concludes how the street, the human, the neighbour, housing affordability and local imaginaries of an ideal city, are significant compact city qualities. It also shows associated strategies enacted by residents to draw from these qualities, such as land invasion, self-help urbanism, learning and innovation, economic entrepreneurship, networks of solidarity and even imagining the city.
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| 43. |
- Zapata, Patrik, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Cities, institutional entrepreneurship and the emergence of new environmental policies: The organizing of waste prevention in the City of Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space. - : SAGE Publications. - 2399-6544 .- 2399-6552. ; 37:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Informed by institutional entrepreneurship theory and based on the case of waste prevention projects in the City of Göteborg, this paper examines the role of cities in shaping new environmental policies. Structured by the research question, ‘How do cities shape novel environmental policies and practices?’, the paper illustrates how cities become agents of environmental change and institutional entrepreneurship through mobilizing and recombining resources (i.e. human, financial, and spatial), rationales (by reframing symbols, challenging taboos, and transforming waste socio-materialities), and relations (via internal and external collaboration and by creating new institutional arrangements, roles, and expectations). Emerging environmental policies, such as waste prevention, represent the structuring of an incipient environmental policy field. This new generation of environmental policies expands the scope of the public sector (the so-called publicness), reshapes the public/private distinction, and challenges taboos such as the intrusion of publicness into privateness.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Zapata, Patrik, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Producing, Appropriating, and Recreating the Myth of the Urban Commons
- 2015
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Ingår i: In: Borch,Christian & Kornberger, Martin (eds.) Urban Commons - Rethinking the City. - London : Routledge. - 9781138017245 ; , s. 92-108
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book rethinks the city by examining its various forms of collectivity – their atmospheres, modes of exclusion and self-organization, as well as how they are governed – on the basis of a critical discussion of the notion of urban commons. The idea of the commons has received surprisingly little attention in urban theory, although the city may well be conceived as a shared resource. Urban Commons: Rethinking the City offers an attempt to reconsider what a city might be by studying how the notion of the commons opens up new understandings of urban collectivities, addressing a range of questions about urban diversity, urban governance, urban belonging, urban sexuality, urban subcultures, and urban poverty; but also by discussing in more methodological terms how one might study the urban commons. In these respects, the rethinking of the city undertaken in this book has a critical dimension, as the notion of the commons delivers new insights about how collective urban life is formed and governed.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Zapata, Patrik, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Translating city development projects in informal settlements: reframing, anchoring and muddling through
- 2015
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Ingår i: 16th NAERUS Conference 20th November 2015, Dortmund, Germany.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous programs have been launched to deal with the serious solid waste predicaments in informal settlements. However, in both policy and research, there is an increasing concern with the disparities that exist between solid waste policies and what they actually achieve in practice. Informed by the case of the city of Kisumu and its Kisumu Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan (KISWAMP), this paper examines how municipal waste management programs are translated into practice in informal settlements. It is based on action-research carried out by a multidisciplinary and transdiciplinary group of researchers, through focus groups, participatory workshops, collaborative action, in-depth interviews, document analysis and observations. City management literature and the concepts of reframing, anchoring and muddling through are used to understand the KISWAMP and its implementation. It starts by reconstructing the history of KISWAMP and how it became a project. Then, it examines what original aspects of KISWAMP were actually translated, i.e. which ones faded out and which ones became stabilized into and travel as best practices to other locations. The analysis shows how KISWAMP was translated into practice by reframing the meanings and status of waste as a profession, as a policy and as a critical service worthy to pay for among residents. KISWAMP also thrived to anchor the program into existing waste entrepreneurship practices . Municipal officers and politicians were also trained to connect the plan within the municipality, yet as many moved, KISWAMP remained weakly bounded to city budgets and decision-making processes. Trust also grew among residents being served by the new waste collection services. Yet in lower-income settlements with insufficient assets to anchor the project, distrust and resentment grew instead. Skips in the new waste transfer points soon disappeared and were not regularly evacuated. Still, the skip idea did not totally vanish as it was recovered by the new KUP program. A final aspect in the implementation of KISWAMP was the ability of waste entrepreneurs and officers to develop ways to muddle through arbitrary and loosely coupled partnership arrangements to evacuate transfer points; waste pickers’ coping strategies to compensate low paid labour;; or residents’ persistent illegal disposal of waste where the skip used to be.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Zapata, Patrik, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Waste tours. Narratives, infrastructures and gazes in interplay
- 2018
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Ingår i: Etnografia e ricerca qualitativa. - 1973-3194. ; 2018:1, s. 97-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waste management makes life in cities possible. Paradoxically, well-functioning waste infrastructures can contribute to obscure the link between production, consumption and nature. One way to render waste infrastructures, and their environmental consequences, visible is through guided tours. School children around the world visit waste infrastructures through guided tours. Informed by an ethnographic study of several waste tours in Sweden, this paper explores how waste and waste infrastructure is gazed upon and represented during guided tours, and how plots/scripts (narratives), sceneries (infrastructure), guides and visitors (gaze) interact and coalesce to reproduce these representations. The paper contributes to the emerging body of literature on discard and waste studies by introducing the concepts of «the waste gaze» and suggesting the need for a new «consuming less» narrative, beyond narratives of «wasting less».
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