| 1. |
- Casas, Rosaura, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
-
Downregulation of CXCR6 and CXCR3 in lymphocytes from birch-allergic patients
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 68:3, s. 351-361
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preferential expression of chemokine receptors on Th1 or Th2 T-helper cells has mostly been studied in cell lines generated in vitro or in animal models, however, results are less well characterized in humans. We determined T-cell responses through chemokine receptor expression on lymphocytes, and cytokine secretion in plasma from birch-allergic and healthy subjects. The expression of CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR6, IL-12 and IL-18R receptors was studied on CD4+ and CD8+ cells from birch-allergic (n = 14) and healthy (n = 14) subjects by flow cytometry. The concentration of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α cytokines was measured in plasma from the same individuals using a cytometric bead array human cytokines kit. The similar expression of CCR4 in T cells from atopic and healthy individuals argues against the use of the receptor as an in vivo marker of Th2 immune responses. Reduced percentages of CD4+ cells expressing IL-18R, CXCR6 and CXCR3 were found in the same group of samples. TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-5, IL-4 and IL-12 cytokines were elevated in samples from allergic individuals. Reduced expression of Th1-associated chemokine receptors together with higher levels of Th1, Th2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines in samples from allergic patients indicate that immune responses in peripheral blood in atopic diseases are complex and cannot be simplified to the Th1/Th2 paradigm. Not only the clinical picture of atopic diseases but also the clinical state at different time points of the disease might influence the results of studies including immunological markers associated with Th1- or Th2-type immune responses. © 2008 The Authors.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Zetterström, Olle, 1940-, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparable morning versus evening administration of once-daily mometasone furoate dry powder inhaler
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 102:10, s. 1406-1411
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The control of daytime and nighttime symptoms is an important measure of effectiveness of asthma therapy, especially, when administered once-daily. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of evening and morning administrations of mometasone furoate administered via a dry powder inhaler (MF-DPI) 400 μg once-daily (QD) to show equivalence. Methods: Open-label, randomized, parallel-group study in adult patients with mild to moderate asthma with a ≥3-month history of ICS use. Patients received MF-DPI 400 μg QD either in the morning (AM) or evening (PM) for 12 weeks. The primary measure was the change in asthma symptoms from baseline to week 12. Secondary outcomes included response to treatment, adherence, inhaler device evaluation, use of rescue medication, urinary cortisol levels, and differential white blood cell count. Results: A total of 1537 patients were randomized, the efficacy population comprised 543 and 479 patients in the MF-DPI QD morning and evening groups, respectively. Mean improvements from baseline in daytime symptom scores at week 12 with morning and evening administration of MF-DPI 400 μg were -0.11 ± 0.59 and -0.12 ± 0.68, respectively (95% CI, -0.095 to 0.061) and the corresponding improvements in nighttime symptom scores were -0.08 ± 0.59 and -0.07 ± 0.50, respectively (95% CI, -0.067 to 0.068). Use of rescue medication was the same in both groups (1 puff/day). MF-DPI QD was well tolerated regardless of time of administration. Conclusions: This open-label study did not identify differences between morning and evening dosing of MF-DPI 400 μg QD. A better effect of evening dosing compared to morning dosing found in previous double-blind placebo-controlled studies could not be confirmed. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
