| 1. |
- Emanuelsson, Christian
(författare)
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Electronic Structure and Film Morphology Studies of PTCDI on Metal/Semiconductor Surfaces
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Organic semiconductors have received increasing attention over the last decades as potential alternatives for inorganic semiconductors. The properties of these films are highly dependent on their structural order. Of special interest is the interface between the film and its substrate, since the structure of the interface and the first few layers decide the growth of the rest of the film. The interface structure is determined by the substrate/molecule interactions, the intermolecular interactions and the growth conditions.In this thesis, thin films of the organic semiconductor PTCDI have been studied using complementary microscopy and spectroscopy techniques on two metal-induced surface reconstructions, Ag/Si(111)-√3×√3 and Sn/Si(111)-2√3×2√3. These surfaces were chosen because they have different reactivities and surface periodicities. On the weakly interacting Ag-terminated surface, the film growth is mainly governed by the intermolecular interactions. This leads to well-ordered films that grow layer-by-layer. The interaction with the substrate is through electron charge transfer to the molecules from the substrate. This results in two different types of molecules with different electronic structure, which are identified using both STM images and PES spectra. On the more strongly interacting Sn-terminated surface the molecules adsorb in specific adsorption geometries and form 1D rows. At around 0.5 ML coverage the rows also interact with each other and form a 4√3×2√3 reconstruction and beyond one ML coverage the growth is characterized as island growth. The interaction with the substrate is mainly due to heavy electron charge transfer from the Sn atoms in the substrate to the C atoms in the imide group, but also the N atoms and the perylene core in PTCDI are involved. In these systems, the interactions with the surfaces result in new states inside the HOMO-LUMO gap, and the intermolecular interactions are dominated by O···H and O···H-N hydrogen bondings.
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| 2. |
- Emanuelsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Scanning tunneling microscopy study of thin PTCDI films on Ag/Si(111)-root 3 x root 3
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 146:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide molecules were evaporated onto a Ag/Si(111)-root 3 x root 3 surface and studied by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). The growth mode was characterized as layer-by-layer growth with a single molecular unit cell in a short range order. The growth of the first two monolayers involves a molecule/substrate superstructure and a molecule/molecule superstructure. At higher coverages, the molecules in each layer were found to align so that unit cells are on top of each other. The experimentally obtained LEED pattern is described as a combination of patterns from the molecular unit cell and the molecule/substrate superstructure. The electronic structure was found to be strongly dependent on the film thickness for the first few layers: Several extra states are found at low coverages compared to higher coverages resulting in a very small pseudo gap of 0.9 eV for the first layer, which widens up to 4.0 eV for thicker films.
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| 3. |
- Dou, Yangpeng, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of reducibility of graphene oxide nanosheets on preparation of AgNPs/GO nanocomposites and their electrocatalytic performance
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of nanoparticle research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1388-0764 .- 1572-896X. ; 17:12, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silver nanoparticles/graphene oxide (AgNPs/GO) nanocomposites were prepared in a solution of AgNO3 and GO. The GO serves not only as a reductant but also as a substrate to support the as-reduced silver nanoparticles. The reducibility of GO was investigated by analyzing the influence factors such as pH, duration, the reaction temperature, and the weight ratio of AgNO3 and GO in the AgNP/GO nanocomposite mixture, which were evaluated by the UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that Ag nanoparticles with an average diameter of 5–10 nm were uniformly dispersed on the surface of GO nanosheets under the optimum synthesis conditions of pH between 8 and 11, weight ratio of AgNO3 and GO between 55 % and 60 %, and at 80 °C for 6 h. Moreover, the obtained AgNPs/GO nanocomposites exhibit good electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of p-nitrophenol to 4-(hydroxyamino) phenol.
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| 4. |
- Emanuelsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Delicate Interactions of PTCDI molecules on Ag/Si(111)-√3×√3
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - New York : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 149:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PTCDI molecules were evaporated onto a Ag/Si(111)√3×√3 surface and studied using scanning tun-resolution STM images are used to identify the delicate molecule/molecule and molecule/substrate interactions and the shapes of the molecular orbitals. The results show that the substrate/molecule interaction strongly modifies the electronic configuration of the molecules as their orbital shapes are quite different at 1 and 2 monolayer (ML) coverage. Simple models of molecular HOMO/LUMO levels and intermolecular hydrogen-bondings have been made for 1 and 2 ML PTCDI coverages to explain the STM images. Changes due to the interaction with the substrate are also found in ARUPS as extra states above the regular HOMO level at 1 ML PTCDI coverage. The ARUPS data also show that the electronic structure of the substrate remains unchanged after the deposition of molecules as the dispersion of the substrate related bands is unchanged. The changes in electronic structure ofthe molecules are discussed based on aHOMO/LUMO split.
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| 5. |
- Emanuelsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Photoelectron spectroscopy studies of PTCDI on Ag/Si(111)-√3 x √3
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 149:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide molecules were evaporated onto a Ag/Si(111)-√3 x √3 surface and studied using photoelectron spectroscopy and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). All core levels related to the imide group of the molecules showed a partial shift to lower binding energies at low coverages. In NEXAFS spectra, the first transitions to the unoccupied states were weaker at low coverages compared to thicker films. Also, extra states in the valence band between the regular highest occupied molecular orbital and the Fermi level were found at low coverages. These changes were explained by two types of molecules. Due to charge transfer from the surface, these two types have different interactions between the imide group and the substrate. As a result, one type has a partially filled lowest unoccupied molecular orbital while the other type does not.
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| 6. |
- Emanuelsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Scanning tunneling microscopy study of PTCDI on Sn/Si(111)-2√3×2√3
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - New York : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 150:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perylene tetracarboxylic diimide molecules were evaporated onto a Sn/Si(111)-2 root 3 x 2 root 3 surface and studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low energy electron diffraction. At low coverages, single molecules are locked into specific adsorption geometries, which are investigated in detail using high resolution STM. The electronic structure of these individual molecules was studied using bias dependent STM images. The molecules form 1D rows that become more common with increasing coverages. Possible intermolecular O center dot center dot center dot H interactions within the rows have been identified. At around half of a monolayer (ML), the rows of molecules interact with each other and form a commensurate 4 root 3 x 2 root 3 reconstruction. In a complete monolayer, several structures emerge as molecules fill in the space between the 4 root 3 x 2 root 3 stripes. Possible intermolecular interactions within the 1 ML structures have been discussed. At coverages above 1 ML, the growth is characterized by island growth, where the molecules are arranged according to the canted structure within the layers.
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| 7. |
- Starfelt, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Quantum-well states in thin Ag films grown on the Ga/Si(111)-√3 x √3 surface
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 97:19, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silver thin films have been created by room temperature deposition on a Ga/Si(111)-√3 x √3 surface and their valence band structures and core levels have been measured by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). Discrete quantum-well states (QWSs) quantized from the Ag sp valence band are observed already at 3 monolayers (ML). The characteristics of the QWSs have been examined in the phase accumulation model for thicknesses between 3 and 12 ML. The phase shift and QWSs binding energies dependence with Ag film thicknesses have all been consistently derived. In-plane energy dispersion follows a parabolic curve, and the effective mass of the QWSs shows an increasing trend with binding energies as well as with reduced film thicknesses. Furthermore, the ARPES measurements reveal umldapp mediated QWSs around the (M)over-bar points of the Si(111) 1 x 1 surface Brillouin zone. The study confirms that the Ga/Si(111)-√3 x √3 surface is a good substrate for growing uniform ultrathin Ag films in room temperature conditions.
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| 8. |
- Starfelt, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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STM/STS and photoemission study of Ag thin films on Ga/Si(111)(√3 × √3)R30°
- 2019
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 682, s. 25-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silver thin films have been formed by room temperature deposition of Ag on a Ga/Si(111) (√3 × √3)R30° surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) have been used to study both the clean Ga/Si(111) (√3 × √3)R30° surface and Ag films with different coverages. For the film formation, Ag first grows into 2D islands on Ga/Si(111) (√3 × √3)R30°. The first layer of the islands forms atomic lines with three-fold symmetry in the 1 × 1 direction of the underlying Si(111) substrate. From a 2 ML coverage, the growth becomes layer-by-layer mode. STS measurements have been performed on Ag films with different coverages inorder to investigate their electronic structures. Between 2–4 ML, the STS spectra reveal 2 and 3 peaks below the Fermi level. These peaks move towards the Fermi level with increased film thicknesses and thus share the same behavior as those of quantum well states (QWSs). The energy positions of the peaks have been compared with valence band photoelectron spectra in order to assign them to various parts of the QWSs. In addition, the photoemission results also confirm the existence of QWSs for a 2 ML Ag film on Ga/Si(111) (√3 × √3)R30°.
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| 9. |
- Zhang, Hanmin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Band splitting of quantum wells of thin Ag films on Sn/Si(111)√3×√3
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 96:4, s. 041402-1-041402-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-resolution valence band spectra of ultrathin Ag films on Sn/Si(111)√3×√3 show intrinsic splitting of the quantum-well states (QWSs). Especially at low coverages, the QWSs of such a system display delicate coupling characters with the bulk bands from the substrate. The observed QWS splitting agrees well with the result of the theoretical calculation. We found that the splitting originates from an interface with a finite thickness. In addition, the interface also causes a large sp band splitting due to the Umklapp scattering in the Γ−M direction of the Ag(111) surface Brillouin zone.
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| 10. |
- Zhang, Hanmin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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STM study of PTCDA on Sn/Si(111)-2 root 3 x 2 root 3
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 144:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structures of perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride on Sn/Si(111)-2 root 3 x 2 root 3 have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Individual molecules have been investigated at 0.15 ML, while at 0.3 ML molecules formed short rods. At 0.6 ML, the molecular rods interacted with each other, coupling with the substrate and forming a new 4 root 3 x 2 root 3 super structure. At 0.9 ML, the surface was further reconstructed and consisted of strips with two and three rods of molecules. We found that these surface structures are strongly modified by the molecule/substrate and the intermolecular interactions. As a result, the HOMO-LUMO gaps of these molecules change with respect to the phases and the thickness. For a single molecular layer of the 4 root 3 x 2 root 3 phase, the HOMO-LUMO levels were split with a gap of approximately 2.1 eV, which is caused by charge transfer from the substrate to the molecules. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.
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