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- Wang, Yuying, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of adverse reactions among individuals with three-dose COVID-19 vaccination
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Infection and Public Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-0341. ; 16:1, s. 125-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Considering the adverse reactions to vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some people, particularly the elderly and those with underlying medical conditions, are hesitant to be vaccinated. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of adverse reactions and provide direct evidence of vaccine safety, mainly for the elderly and people with underlying medical conditions, to receive COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: From 1st March to 30th April 2022, we conducted an online survey of people who had completed three doses of COVID-19 vaccination by convenience sampling. Adverse reaction rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. In addition, conditional logistic regression was used to compare the differences in adverse reactions among the elderly and those with underlying medical conditions with the general population. Results: A total of 3339 individuals were included in this study, of which 2335 (69.9%) were female, with an average age of 32.1 ± 11.4 years. The prevalence of adverse reactions after the first dose of inactivated vaccine was 24.6% (23.1–26.2%), 19.2% (17.8–20.7%) for the second dose, and 19.1% (17.7–20.6%) for the booster dose; among individuals using messenger RNA vaccines, the prevalence was 42.7% (32.3–53.6%) for the first dose, 47.2% (36.5–58.1%) for the second dose, and 46.1% (35.4–57.0%) for the booster dose. Compared with the general population, the prevalence of adverse events did not differ in individuals with underlying medical conditions and those aged 60 and above. Conclusions: For individuals with underlying medical conditions and those aged 60 and above, the prevalence of adverse reactions is similar to that of the general population, which provides a scientific basis regarding vaccination safety for these populations.
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| 2. |
- Lu, Song, et al.
(författare)
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Theory of transformation-mediated twinning
- 2023
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Ingår i: PNAS NEXUS. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2752-6542. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-density and nanosized deformation twins in face-centered cubic (fcc) materials can effectively improve the combination of strength and ductility. However, the microscopic dislocation mechanisms enabling a high twinnability remain elusive. Twinning usually occurs via continuous nucleation and gliding of twinning partial dislocations on consecutive close-packed atomic planes. Here we unveil a completely different twinning mechanism being active in metastable fcc materials. The transformation-mediated twinning (TMT) is featured by a preceding displacive transformation from the fcc phase to the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) one, followed by a second-step transformation from the hcp phase to the fcc twin. The nucleation of the intermediate hcp phase is driven by the thermodynamic instability and the negative stacking fault energy of the metastable fcc phase. The intermediate hcp structure is characterized by the easy slips of Shockley partial dislocations on the basal planes, which leads to both fcc and fcc twin platelets during deformation, creating more twin boundaries and further enhancing the prosperity of twins. The disclosed fundamental understanding of the complex dislocation mechanism of deformation twinning in metastable alloys paves the road to design novel materials with outstanding mechanical properties.
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| 3. |
- Zhang, Yujie
(författare)
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Exploring the interplay between mRNA degradation and ribosome dynamics using high-throughput sequencing
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Regulation of gene expression in response to fluctuating environments is essential for cellular survival. This regulation is multi-faceted, with mRNA abundance determined by both synthesis and decay. mRNA decay regulates transcript abundance, enabling swift transcriptomic adaptations. Several mechanisms, such as RNA-binding protein interactions and modulation of mRNA decay protein activity, regulate this decay in response to environmental changes. However, the mechanism linking mRNA decay with the translation process, known as co-translational mRNA decay, and its impact on mRNA stability is yet to be fully understood. In this thesis, we explore the intricate interplay between translation and mRNA decay, investigating its regulatory dynamics across varied physiological contexts and its role in cellular adaptations. In Paper I, we introduced a high-throughput 5'Pseq (HT-5Pseq) for a deeper exploration of the 5'P mRNA degradome in connection with translation. Our improved HT-5Pseq method is efficient, scalable, and cost-effective. This approach allowed us to investigate the significance of in vivo co-translational mRNA degradation footprints linked to ribosome stalling. In Paper II, we unexpectedly observed a massive ribosome protection pattern shifted back by 1 nt (- 1 nt) under extremely poor nutritional conditions using HT-5Pseq. We hypothesized that these -1 ribosome frameshifts accelerate out-of-frame co-translational mRNA decay. We characterized this mechanism and identified low codon optimality as a key factor prompting ribosomes to initiate outof- frame mRNA decay. We further established that this mechanism is conserved in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In Paper III, we demonstrated that codon optimality correlates with variations in mRNA stability of up to two-fold across various human tissues. This influence is less prominent in tissues characterized by high energy metabolism and becomes more accentuated with increased age. Using biochemical kinetic modeling, along with post-mortem samples from oxygen deprivation (using “Ischemic time” ) and HT-5Pseq with ATP synthesis perturbation using drugs, we confirmed that fluctuations in cellular energy differentially influence the decoding kinetics of various codons. In Paper IV, we investigated the regulations in transcriptional memory, an exemplary cellular mechanism for rapid adaptation to environmental changes. By performing a genome-wide screen in S. cerevisiae, we identified key contributors to transcriptional memory in response to galactose. We highlighted that depletion of the nuclear exosome component (RRP6) increased transcriptional memory. Furthermore, we showed how alterations in both nuclear and cytoplasmic mRNA decay processes influence transcriptional memory in primed cells.
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