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1.
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2.
  • Beal, Jacob, et al. (författare)
  • Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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3.
  • Campbell, PJ, et al. (författare)
  • Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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4.
  • Wang, Mei jun, et al. (författare)
  • SIRT1-dependent deacetylation of Txnip H3K9ac is critical for exenatide-improved diabetic kidney disease
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. - 0753-3322. ; 167
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist exenatide (exendin-4) has potential protective capabilities against diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is upregulated during DKD progression by histone acetylation. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a deacetylase and is decreased in DKD, which indicates that it may regulate Txnip in this disease. Here, we used whole-body heterozygous Sirt1 knockout (Sirt1+/-) and kidney-specific Sirt1 knockout (KSK) mice to investigate whether SIRT1 regulates Txnip via histone deacetylation in DKD and exenatide-alleviated DKD. Exenatide substantially improved renal pathological damage, decreased the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), upregulated SIRT1 expression, and downregulated Txnip expression in kidneys of high-fat diet-treated C57BL/6J mice. However, these effects diminished in Sirt1+/- and KSK mice under exenatide treatment. The downregulation of Txnip expression by exendin-4 in high-glucose-treated SV40 MES13 cells was hampered during Sirt1 knockdown. These results demonstrate that kidney SIRT1 is indispensable in exenatide-improved DKD and downregulation of Txnip expression. Exendin-4 mechanistically downregulated Txnip histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) in a SIRT1-dependent manner and decreased spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) recruitment to the Txnip promoter. These findings provide epigenetic evidence elucidating the specific mechanism for exenatide-mediated DKD alleviation and highlight the importance of Txnip as a promising therapeutic target for DKD.
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5.
  • Barucca, G., et al. (författare)
  • Study of excited Ξ baryons with the P¯ ANDA detector
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Nature. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 57:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The study of baryon excitation spectra provides insight into the inner structure of baryons. So far, most of the world-wide efforts have been directed towards N∗ and Δ spectroscopy. Nevertheless, the study of the double and triple strange baryon spectrum provides independent information to the N∗ and Δ spectra. The future antiproton experiment P¯ANDA will provide direct access to final states containing a Ξ¯ Ξ pair, for which production cross sections up to μb are expected in p¯p reactions. With a luminosity of L= 10 31 cm- 2 s- 1 in the first phase of the experiment, the expected cross sections correspond to a production rate of ∼106events/day. With a nearly 4 π detector acceptance, P¯ANDA will thus be a hyperon factory. In this study, reactions of the type p¯p → Ξ¯ +Ξ∗ - as well as p¯p → Ξ¯ ∗ +Ξ- with various decay modes are investigated. For the exclusive reconstruction of the signal events a full decay tree fit is used, resulting in reconstruction efficiencies between 3 and 5%. This allows high statistics data to be collected within a few weeks of data taking.
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6.
  • Barucca, G., et al. (författare)
  • The potential of Λ and Ξ- studies with PANDA at FAIR
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Nature. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 57:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The antiproton experiment PANDA at FAIR is designed to bring hadron physics to a new level in terms of scope, precision and accuracy. In this work, its unique capability for studies of hyperons is outlined. We discuss ground-state hyperons as diagnostic tools to study non-perturbative aspects of the strong interaction, and fundamental symmetries. New simulation studies have been carried out for two benchmark hyperon-antihyperon production channels: p¯ p→ Λ¯ Λ and p¯ p→ Ξ¯ +Ξ-. The results, presented in detail in this paper, show that hyperon-antihyperon pairs from these reactions can be exclusively reconstructed with high efficiency and very low background contamination. In addition, the polarisation and spin correlations have been studied, exploiting the weak, self-analysing decay of hyperons and antihyperons. Two independent approaches to the finite efficiency have been applied and evaluated: one standard multidimensional efficiency correction approach, and one efficiency independent approach. The applicability of the latter was thoroughly evaluated for all channels, beam momenta and observables. The standard method yields good results in all cases, and shows that spin observables can be studied with high precision and accuracy already in the first phase of data taking with PANDA.
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7.
  • Gao, J, et al. (författare)
  • Monkeypox outbreaks in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: Network and clustering analyses of global risks and modified SEIR prediction of epidemic trends
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in public health. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2565. ; 11, s. 1052946-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ninety-eight percent of documented cases of the zoonotic disease human monkeypox (MPX) were reported after 2001, with especially dramatic global spread in 2022. This longitudinal study aimed to assess spatiotemporal risk factors of MPX infection and predict global epidemiological trends.MethodTwenty-one potential risk factors were evaluated by correlation-based network analysis and multivariate regression. Country-level risk was assessed using a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model and a risk-factor-driven k-means clustering analysis.ResultsBetween historical cases and the 2022 outbreak, MPX infection risk factors changed from relatively simple [human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and population density] to multiple [human mobility, population of men who have sex with men, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, and socioeconomic factors], with human mobility in the context of COVID-19 being especially key. The 141 included countries classified into three risk clusters: 24 high-risk countries mainly in West Europe and Northern America, 70 medium-risk countries mainly in Latin America and Asia, and 47 low-risk countries mainly in Africa and South Asia. The modified SEIR model predicted declining transmission rates, with basic reproduction numbers ranging 1.61–7.84 in the early stage and 0.70–4.13 in the current stage. The estimated cumulative cases in Northern and Latin America may overtake the number in Europe in autumn 2022.ConclusionsIn the current outbreak, risk factors for MPX infection have changed and expanded. Forecasts of epidemiological trends from our modified SEIR models suggest that Northern America and Latin America are at greater risk of MPX infection in the future.
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8.
  • He, YQ, et al. (författare)
  • A polygenic risk score for nasopharyngeal carcinoma shows potential for risk stratification and personalized screening
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1, s. 1966-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have the potential to identify individuals at risk of diseases, optimizing treatment, and predicting survival outcomes. Here, we construct and validate a genome-wide association study (GWAS) derived PRS for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), using a multi-center study of six populations (6 059 NPC cases and 7 582 controls), and evaluate its utility in a nested case-control study. We show that the PRS enables effective identification of NPC high-risk individuals (AUC = 0.65) and improves the risk prediction with the PRS incremental deciles in each population (Ptrend ranging from 2.79 × 10−7 to 4.79 × 10−44). By incorporating the PRS into EBV-serology-based NPC screening, the test’s positive predictive value (PPV) is increased from an average of 4.84% to 8.38% and 11.91% in the top 10% and 5% PRS, respectively. In summary, the GWAS-derived PRS, together with the EBV test, significantly improves NPC risk stratification and informs personalized screening.
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9.
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10.
  • Li, Q, et al. (författare)
  • Coexistence of tmexCD3-toprJ1b tigecycline resistance genes with two novel bla VIM-2-carrying and bla OXA-10-carrying transposons in a Pseudomononas asiatica plasmid
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2235-2988. ; 13, s. 1130333-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tigecycline and carbapenems are considered the last line of defense against microbial infections. The co-occurrence of resistance genes conferring resistance to both tigecycline and carbapenems in Pseudomononas asiatica was not investigated.MethodsP. asiatica A28 was isolated from hospital sewage. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed resistance to carbapenem and tigecycline. WGS was performed to analyze the antimicrobial resistance genes and genetic characteristics. Plasmid transfer by conjugation was investigated. Plasmid fitness costs were evaluated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa transconjugants including a Galleria mellonella infection model.ResultsMeropenem and tigecycline resistant P. asiatica A28 carries a 199, 972 bp long plasmid PLA28.4 which harbors seven resistance genes. Sequence analysis showed that the 7113 bp transposon Tn7389 is made up of a class I integron without a 5’CS terminal and a complete tni module flanked by a pair of 25bp insertion repeats. Additionally, the Tn7493 transposon, 20.24 kp long, with a complete 38-bp Tn1403 IR and an incomplete 30-bp Tn1403 IR, is made up of partial skeleton of Tn1403, a class I integron harboring blaOXA-10, and a Tn5563a transposon. Moreover, one tnfxB3-tmexC3.2-tmexD3b-toprJ1b cluster was found in the plasmid and another one in the the chromosome. Furthermore, plasmid PLA28.4 could be conjugated to P. aeruginosa PAO1, with high fitness cost.DiscussionA multidrug-resistant plasmid carrying tmexCD3-toprJ1b and two novel transposons carrying blaVIM-2 and blaOXA-10 -resistant genes was found in hospital sewage, increasing the risk of transmission of antibiotic-resistant genes. These finding highlight the necessary of controlling the development and spread of medication resistance requires continuous monitoring and management of resistant microorganisms in hospital sewage.
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11.
  • Sun, Liang Liang, et al. (författare)
  • Bounding the Amount of Entanglement from Witness Operators
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007. ; 132:11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present an approach to estimate the operational distinguishability between an entangled state and any separable state directly from measuring an entanglement witness. We show that this estimation also implies bounds on a variety of other well-known entanglement quantifiers. This approach for entanglement estimation is then extended to both the measurement-device-independent scenario and the fully device-independent scenario, where we obtain nontrivial but suboptimal bounds. The procedure requires no numerical optimization and is easy to compute. It offers ways for experimenters to not only detect, but also quantify, entanglement from the standard entanglement witness procedure.
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12.
  • Xie, Jiaying, et al. (författare)
  • STING activation in TET2-mutated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells contributes to the increased self-renewal and neoplastic transformation
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Nature. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 37:12, s. 2457-2467
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Somatic loss-of-function mutations of the dioxygenase Ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2) occur frequently in individuals with clonal hematopoiesis (CH) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These common hematopoietic disorders can be recapitulated in mouse models. However, the underlying mechanisms by which the deficiency in TET2 promotes these disorders remain unclear. Here we show that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is activated to mediate the effect of TET2 deficiency in dysregulated hematopoiesis in mouse models. DNA damage arising in Tet2-deficient hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) leads to activation of the cGAS-STING pathway which in turn promotes the enhanced self-renewal and development of CH. Notably, both pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of STING suppresses Tet2 mutation-induced aberrant hematopoiesis. In patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, STING inhibition specifically attenuates the proliferation of leukemia cells from TET2-mutated individuals. These observations suggest that the development of CH associated with TET2 mutations is powered through chronic inflammation dependent on the activated cGAS-STING pathway and that STING may represent a potential target for intervention of relevant hematopoietic diseases.
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13.
  • Zhang, Jiming, et al. (författare)
  • Early-life carbamate exposure and intelligence quotient of seven-year-old children
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 145
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Early-life carbamate exposure during developmental period has been linked with adverse health effects and attracted attention.Methods: Three hundred and three children at age of seven were included in the current study. Urinary carbofuranphenol concentrations were measured using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Verbal, performance and full-scale intelligence quotients (IQ(V), IQ(P), and IQ(FS)) were assessed using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Chinese Revised. Generalized linear models were used to explore the associations between carbofuranphenol levels and IQs. Generalized estimating equations were used to explore long-term health effect and sensitive time window.Results: Carbofuranphenol was detected in 96.6% of the seven-year-old urinary samples, the geometric mean, median, and inter quartile range of the carbofuranphenol concentrations were 0.67 mu g/L, 0.30 mu g/L, and 0.09-3.72 mu g/L, respectively, which were similar with the level of three-year-old children from the SMBCS cohort. Seven-year-old carbofuranphenol level was negatively associated with IQP [beta = -0.044; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.087, -0.001; p = 0.045]. Three-year-old carbofuranphenol level was negatively associated with IQP (beta =-0.100; 95% CI: -0.186, -0.014; p= 0.022) and IQFS (beta =-0.087; 95% CI: -0.173, -0.001; p = 0.047). Carbamate exposure of maternal and children at both three and seven years old had negative associations with IQP (beta = -0.089; 95% CI: -0.171, -0.007; p = 0.034), and IQFS (beta = -0.064; 95% CI: -0.127, -0.000; p = 0.049) of children at age of seven.Conclusion: Results of the present study verify that children in an agricultural region of China were widely exposed to carbamate pesticides. Carbamate exposure in utero and at three and seven years may adversely impact children's neurodevelopment.
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14.
  • Zhao, Yun, et al. (författare)
  • Precise separation of spent lithium-ion cells in water without discharging for recycling
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Energy Storage Materials. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8289 .- 2405-8297. ; 45, s. 1092-1099
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • New methods for recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are needed because traditional recycling methods are based on battery pulverization, which requires pre-treatment of tedious and non-eco-friendly discharging and results in low efficiency and high waste generation in post-treatment. Separating the components of recycled LIB cells followed by reuse or conversion of individual components could minimize material cross-contamination while avoiding excessive consumption of energy and chemicals. However, disposing of charged LIB cells is hazardous due to the high reactivity of lithiated graphite towards cathode materials and air, and the toxicity and flammability of the electrolytes. Here we demonstrate that the disassembly of charged jellyroll LIB cells in water with a single main step reveals no emissions from the cells and near perfect recycling efficiencies that exceed the targets of the US Department of Energy and Batteries Europe. The precise non-destructive mechanical method separates the components from jellyroll cell in water, avoiding both uncontrollable reactions from the anode and burning of the electrolyte, while allowing only a limited fraction of the anode lithium to react with water. Recycling in this way allows the recovery of materials with a value of ∼7.14 $ kg−1 cell, which is higher than that of physical separation (∼5.40 $ kg−1 cell) and much greater than the overall revenue achieved using element extraction methods (<1.00 $ kg−1 cell). The precise separation method could thus facilitate the establishment of a circular economy within the LIB industry and build a strong bridge between academia and the battery recycling industry.
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15.
  • Zhao, Yun, et al. (författare)
  • Rational design of functional binder systems for high-energy lithium-based rechargeable batteries
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Energy Storage Materials. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8289 .- 2405-8297. ; 35, s. 353-377
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Binders, which maintain the structural integrity of electrodes, are critical components of lithium-based rechargeable batteries (LBRBs) that significantly affect battery performances, despite accounting for 2 to 5 wt% (up to 5 wt% but usually 2 wt%) of the entire electrode. Traditional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binders that interact with electrode components via weak van der Waals forces are effective in conventional LBRB systems (graphite/LiCoO2, etc.). However, its stable fluorinated structures limit the potential for further functionalization and inhibit strong interactions towards external substances. Consequently, they are unsuitable for next-generation battery systems with high energy density. There is thus a need for new functional binders with facile features compatible with novel electrode materials and chemistries. Here in this review we consider the strategies for rationally designing these functional binders. On the basis of fundamental understandings of the issues for high-energy electrode materials, we have summarized seven desired functions that binders should possess depending on the target electrodes where the binders will be applied. Then a variety of leading-edge functional binders are reviewed to show how their chemical structures realize these above functions and how the employment of these binders affects the cell's electrochemical performances. Finally the corresponding design strategies are therefore proposed, and future research opportunities as well as challenges relating to LBRB binders are outlined.
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16.
  • Awad, Raed, et al. (författare)
  • Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Human Milk from Sweden and China
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Environmental Science. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 19:22
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract Twenty per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were determined in human milk from residents of three Chinese cities (Shanghai, Jiaxing, and Shaoxing), sampled between 2010 and 2016. These data were compared to a combination of new and previously reported PFAS concentrations in human milk from Stockholm, Sweden, collected in 2016. Across the three Chinese cities, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA; sum isomers), 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS; trade name F53-B), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; sum isomers) occurred at the highest concentrations among all PFAS (up to 411, 976, and 321 pg/mL, respectively), while in Stockholm, PFOA and PFOS were dominant (up to 89 and 72 pg/mL, respectively). 3H-perfluoro-3-[(3-methoxy-propoxy) propanoic acid (ADONA) was intermittently detected but at concentrations below the method quantification limit (i.e. <10 pg/mL) in Chinese samples, and was non-detectable in Swedish milk. The extremely high concentrations of F53-B in Chinese milk suggest that human exposure assessments focused only on legacy substances may severely underestimate overall PFAS exposure in breastfeeding infants.
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17.
  • Bai, JW, et al. (författare)
  • Isolation and Characterization of vB_kpnM_17-11, a Novel Phage Efficient Against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2235-2988. ; 12, s. 897531-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Phages and phage-encoded proteins exhibit promising prospects in the treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections. In this study, a novel Klebsiella pneumoniae phage vB_kpnM_17-11 was isolated and identified by using a CRKP host. vB_kpnM_17-11 has an icosahedral head and a retractable tail. The latent and exponential phases were 30 and 60 minutes, respectively; the burst size was 31.7 PFU/cell and the optimal MOI was 0.001. vB_kpnM_17-11 remained stable in a wide range of pH (4-8) and temperature (4-40°C). The genome of vB_kpnM_17-11 is 165,894 bp, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), containing 275 Open Reading Frames (ORFs). It belongs to the family of Myoviridae, order Caudovirales, and has a close evolutionary relationship with Klebsiella phage PKO111. Sequence analysis showed that the 4530 bp orf022 of vB_kpnM_17-11 encodes a putative depolymerase. In vitro testing demonstrated that vB_kpnM_17-11 can decrease the number of K. pneumoniae by 105-fold. In a mouse model of infection, phage administration improved survival and reduced the number of K. pneumoniae in the abdominal cavity by 104-fold. In conclusion, vB_kpnM_17-11 showed excellent in vitro and in vivo performance against K. pneumoniae infection and constitutes a promising candidate for the development of phage therapy against CRKP.
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18.
  • Butler-Laporte, Guillaume, et al. (författare)
  • HLA allele-calling using whole-exome sequencing identifies 129 novel associations in 11 autoimmune diseases: a multi-ancestry analysis in the UK Biobank
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Communicaitons Biology. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region on chromosome 6 is strongly associated with many immune-mediated and infection-related diseases. Due to its highly polymorphic nature and complex linkage disequilibrium patterns, traditional genetic association studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) do not perform well in this region. Instead, the field has adopted the assessment of the association of HLA alleles (i.e., entire HLA gene haplotypes) with disease. Often based on genotyping arrays, these association studies impute HLA alleles, decreasing accuracy and thus statistical power for rare alleles and in non-European ancestries. Here, we use whole-exome sequencing (WES) from 454,824 UK Biobank participants to directly call HLA alleles using the HLA- HD algorithm. We show this method is more accurate than imputing HLA alleles and harness the improved statistical power to identify 360 associations for 11 auto-immune phenotypes (at least 129 likely novel), leading to better insights into the specific coding polymorphisms that underlie these diseases. We show that HLA alleles with synonymous variants, often overlooked in HLA studies, can significantly influence these phenotypes. Lastly, we show that HLA sequencing may improve polygenic risk scores accuracy across ancestries. These findings allow better characterization of the role of the HLA region in human disease.
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19.
  • Cao, Huiming, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of Enterohepatic Circulation on the Accumulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances : Evidence from Experimental and Computational Studies
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 56:5, s. 3214-3224
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The pharmacokinetic characteristics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) affect their distribution and bioaccumulation in biological systems. The enterohepatic circulation leads to reabsorption of certain chemicals from bile back into blood and the liver and thus influences their elimination, yet its influence on PFAS bioaccumulation remains unclear. We explored the role of enterohepatic circulation in PFAS bioaccumulation by examining tissue distribution of various PFAS in wild fish and a rat model. Computational models were used to determine the reabsorbed fractions of PFAS by calculating binding affinities of PFAS for key transporter proteins of enterohepatic circulation. The results indicated that higher concentrations were observed in blood, the liver, and bile compared to other tissues for some PFAS in fish. Furthermore, exposure to a PFAS mixture on the rat model showed that the reabsorption phenomenon appeared during 8-12 h for most long-chain PFAS. Molecular docking calculations suggest that PFAS can bind to key transporter proteins via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Further regression analysis adds support to the hypothesis that binding affinity of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter is the most important variable to predict the human half-lives of PFAS. This study demonstrated the critical role of enterohepatic circulation in reabsorption, distribution, and accumulation of PFAS.
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20.
  • Cao, Yuanyuan, et al. (författare)
  • Improving the surveillance and response system to achieve and maintain malaria elimination : a retrospective analysis in Jiangsu Province, China
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY. - : Springer Nature. - 2095-5162 .- 2049-9957. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Following initiation of China's National Malaria Elimination Action Plan (NMEAP) in 2010, the '1-3-7' approach was developed and rolled out in China to facilitate the malaria elimination programme and accelerate malaria elimination. This study aims to summarize and condense these experiences through a retrospective analysis in Jiangsu Province, which could be adapted and applied in other malaria elimination settings worldwide.Methods: A retrospective analysis of imported malaria cases into China identified through an improved surveillance and response system in Jiangsu Province was carried out for the period of 2001-2020. To improve the malaria surveillance and response system, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention from the prefectures and counties in Jiangsu province conducted population-level health education to improve healthcare seeking behavior, strengthened capacity of health facilities to improve performance of malaria diagnosis and treatment, and raised the capacity of public health providers to improve implementation of the '1-3-7' approach. Categorical variables were carried out by Chi square tests with Fisher's exact correction.Results: From 2001 to 2020, a total of 9,879 malaria cases were reported in Jiangsu Province. Since 2012, no indigenous malaria cases have been reported in Jiangsu Province. However, in recent years, there has been a substantial increase of imported falciparum malaria cases. Between 2012 and 2020, an estimated 61.57 million individuals have benefited from population-level health education in Jiangsu Province. For healthcare-seeking services among the 2,423 imported malaria cases, 687 (28.4%) and 1,104 (45.6%) cases visited hospitals on the first day and the second day from symptom onset, respectively. A total of 1,502 (61.9%) cases were diagnosed on the first day at medical facilities. Jiangsu Province achieved 100%, 99.4% and 98.3% completion rate in terms of case detection and notification (within one day), case investigation (within three days) and foci response and disposition (within seven days), respectively. The improved surveillance and response system in Jiangsu Province plays an important role in preventing the re-introduction of malaria and maintaining the malaria-free status.Conclusions: Jiangsu Province has maintained its malaria-free status since 2012. The continuous improvement of a surveillance and response system plays an important role in the early detection and rapid response of potential malaria-related outbreaks in Jiangsu, China, and has important lessons for other malaria eliminating settings. Remaining vigilant in the detection of imported malaria cases and maintaining an active surveillance and response system is critical to sustain the success of malaria elimination.
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21.
  • Chai, Gaoda, et al. (författare)
  • Deciphering the Role of Chalcogen-Containing Heterocycles in Nonfullerene Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: ACS Energy Letters. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2380-8195. ; 5:11, s. 3415-3425
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The field of organic solar cells has experienced paradigm-shifting changes in recent years because of the emergence of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs). It is critically important to gain more insight into the structure-property relationship of the emerging A-DAD-A-type NFAs. In this Letter, a family of NFAs named BPF-4F, BPT-4F, and BPS-4F incorporating various chalcogen-containing heterocycles, i.e., furan, thiophene, and selenophene, respectively, was designed and synthesized. These NFAs exhibited dramatic differences in their photovoltaic performances with device efficiencies of 16.8% achieved by the thiophene-based cells, which was much higher than the furan-based ones (12.6%). In addition, the selenophene-based NFA showed a red-shifted absorption relative to the furan- and thiophene-based ones and obtained a decent efficiency of 16.3% owing to an improved J(SC). The reasons why these NFAs performed differently are systematically studied by comparing their optoelectronic properties and film morphology, which provides new understandings of the molecular design of high-performance NFAs.
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22.
  • Chen, Y. H., et al. (författare)
  • Genomic atlas of the plasma metabolome prioritizes metabolites implicated in human diseases
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55, s. 44-53
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Metabolic processes can influence disease risk and provide therapeutic targets. By conducting genome-wide association studies of 1,091 blood metabolites and 309 metabolite ratios, we identified associations with 690 metabolites at 248 loci and associations with 143 metabolite ratios at 69 loci. Integrating metabolite-gene and gene expression information identified 94 effector genes for 109 metabolites and 48 metabolite ratios. Using Mendelian randomization (MR), we identified 22 metabolites and 20 metabolite ratios having estimated causal effect on 12 traits and diseases, including orotate for estimated bone mineral density, alpha-hydroxyisovalerate for body mass index and ergothioneine for inflammatory bowel disease and asthma. We further measured the orotate level in a separate cohort and demonstrated that, consistent with MR, orotate levels were positively associated with incident hip fractures. This study provides a valuable resource describing the genetic architecture of metabolites and delivers insights into their roles in common diseases, thereby offering opportunities for therapeutic targets.
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23.
  • Cichocka, Magdalena Ola, et al. (författare)
  • A Porphyrinic Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework for Oxygen Reduction Reaction : Tailoring the Spacing between Active-Sites through Chain-Based Inorganic Building Units
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 142:36, s. 15386-15395
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is central in carbon-neutral energy devices. While platinum group materials have shown high activities for ORR, their practical uses are hampered by concerns over deactivation, slow kinetics, exorbitant cost, and scarce nature reserve. The low cost yet high tunability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide a unique platform for tailoring their characteristic properties as new electrocatalysts. Herein, we report a new concept of design and present stable Zr-chain-based MOFs as efficient electrocatalysts for ORR. The strategy is based on using Zr-chains to promote high chemical and redox stability and, more importantly, tailor the immobilization and packing of redox active-sites at a density that is ideal to improve the reaction kinetics. The obtained new electrocatalyst, PCN-226, thereby shows high ORR activity. We further demonstrate PCN-226 as a promising electrode material for practical applications in rechargeable Zn-air batteries, with a high peak power density of 133 mW cm(-2). Being one of the very few electrocatalytic MOFs for ORR, this work provides a new concept by designing chain-based structures to enrich the diversity of efficient electrocatalysts and MOFs.
  •  
24.
  • Delios, A., et al. (författare)
  • Examining the generalizability of research findings from archival data
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:30
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This initiative examined systematically the extent to which a large set of archival research findings generalizes across contexts. We repeated the key analyses for 29 original strategic management effects in the same context (direct reproduction) as well as in 52 novel time periods and geographies; 45% of the reproductions returned results matching the original reports together with 55% of tests in different spans of years and 40% of tests in novel geographies. Some original findings were associated with multiple new tests. Reproducibility was the best predictor of generalizability-for the findings that proved directly reproducible, 84% emerged in other available time periods and 57% emerged in other geographies. Overall, only limited empirical evidence emerged for context sensitivity. In a forecasting survey, independent scientists were able to anticipate which effects would find support in tests in new samples. 
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25.
  • Ding, Ding, et al. (författare)
  • Cholesterol profiles and incident cognitive decline among older adults : the Shanghai Aging Study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 50:2, s. 472-479
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: the association between cholesterol profiles and risk of cognitive decline among older adults was inconclusive.OBJECTIVE: to examine the association between cholesterol profiles and risk of cognitive decline in older adults with or without vascular risk factors (VRFs) in the prospective phase of the Shanghai Aging Study.DESIGN: a prospective community-based cohort study.SETTING: Shanghai, China.PARTICIPANTS: we prospectively followed 1,556 dementia-free participants aged ≥60 years with a baseline cholesterol profile for 5.2 years on average. Participants with at least one of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and coronary artery disease were categorised to the VRFs group, and those free of any VRFs were categorised to the non-VRFs group.METHODS: total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were measured at baseline. At follow-up, consensus diagnosis of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) were established based on medical, neurological, and neuropsychological examinations. Cox regression was used to assess the association between cholesterol and incident dementia/AD; multivariate linear regression was used to examine the relationship between cholesterol and an annual rate of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score decline in participants with or without VRFs.RESULTS: among VRFs-free participants, TC (HR 0.62, 95%CI 0.40-0.95) and LDL-C (HR 0.47, 95%CI 0.28-0.80) were inversely associated with incident dementia, LDL-C was inversely associated with incident AD (HR 0.50, 95%CI 0.28-0.90). A significant correlation was found between incremental TC (β = 0.08), LDL-C (β = 0.09), and a slower annual decline of MMSE score.CONCLUSIONS: effect of cholesterol on cognitive decline may be modified by VRFs.
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26.
  • Eckert, Ester M., et al. (författare)
  • A combination of host ecology and habitat but not evolutionary history explains differences in the microbiomes associated with rotifers
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Hydrobiologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-8158 .- 1573-5117. ; 850:17, s. 3813-3821
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The holobiont concept places emphasis on the strict relationship between a host and its associated microbiome, with several studies supporting a strong effect of the quality of the microbiome on the host fitness. The generalities of the holobiont have been questioned for several invertebrates, including zooplankton. Here we assess the role of host ecology, habitat, and evolutionary history to explain the differences in the microbiomes associated with rotifers, across a broad taxonomic spectrum and from different habitats. The analyses of 93 rotifer-associated microbiomes from 23 rotifer host species revealed that a combination of effects from the host ecology and its habitat seem to be stronger than host phylogenetic distances in explaining differences in microbial composition of the microbiomes. This pattern is in line with the idea of habitat filtering being a stronger explanation than co-evolution in shaping the relationship between a microbiome and its rotifer host. 
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27.
  • Fan, Mei-Cen, et al. (författare)
  • Room-temperature extraction of individual elements from charged spent LiFePO4 batteries
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Rare Metals. - : Springer. - 1001-0521 .- 1867-7185.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recycling millions of metric tons of spent LiFePO4 batteries would benefit human health while reducing resource depletion and environmental pollution. However, recovering individual elements from the spent batteries without generating waste is challenging. Here, we present a distinctive approach for recycling spent LiFePO4 batteries at room temperature, where water is the only leaching agent consumed. FePO4 and lithium intercalated graphite act as a precursor material for selectively extracting lithium, iron, and phosphorus through charging the LiFePO4 batteries to the delithiated state. NaOH solution extracted Fe from FePO4 within 30 min and regenerated without consumption, similar to a catalyst. Under the optimal leaching conditions (1 mol·L−1 NaOH, 0.5 h, NaOH/Fe molar ratio of 4.5), Fe and P leaching efficiencies achieved 89.1% and 99.2%, respectively. The methodology reflected in this research reduced the material cost per kg cathode material to a fraction of previously published reports, only occupies 6.13% of previous reports. In addition, the method improved the battery recycling revenue calculated by the EverBatt model by 2.31 times and 1.94 times over pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods. The proposed method allows for the convenient recovery of the elemental components of spent LiFePO4 batteries.
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28.
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29.
  • Gehrmann, Sebastian, et al. (författare)
  • GEMv2: Multilingual NLG Benchmarking in a Single Line of Code
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations. - : Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL). ; , s. 266-281
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Evaluations in machine learning rarely use the latest metrics, datasets, or human evaluation in favor of remaining compatible with prior work. The compatibility, often facilitated through leaderboards, thus leads to outdated but standardized evaluation practices. We pose that the standardization is taking place in the wrong spot. Evaluation infrastructure should enable researchers to use the latest methods and what should be standardized instead is how to incorporate these new evaluation advances.We introduce GEMv2, the new version of the Generation, Evaluation, and Metrics Benchmark which uses a modular infrastructure for dataset, model, and metric developers to benefit from each other’s work. GEMv2 supports 40 documented datasets in 51 languages, ongoing online evaluation for all datasets, and our interactive tools make it easier to add new datasets to the living benchmark.
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30.
  • Guo, Jianqiu, et al. (författare)
  • Early life triclosan exposure and neurodevelopment of children at 3 years in a prospective birth cohort
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: International journal of hygiene and environmental health. - : Urban & Fischer. - 1438-4639 .- 1618-131X. ; 224
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Early life exposure to triclosan, an emerging endocrine disrupting chemical, may adversely impact childhood neurodevelopment, but limited epidemiologic studies have examined the associations.OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the associations between prenatal and postnatal triclosan exposure and child neurodevelopment at 3 years.METHODS: The study included 377 mother-child pairs who participated in Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort Study (SMBCS), a longitudinal birth cohort in China. Triclosan concentrations in maternal and 3-year-old child urine samples were quantified using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) were used to assess child neurodevelopment at 3 years of age. Multivariate linear regression models were applied to estimate associations of prenatal and postnatal urinary triclosan concentrations with children's developmental quotients (DQs).RESULTS: Detection frequencies of triclosan in maternal and childhood urine samples were 100% and 99.5%, respectively. The median values of prenatal and postnatal urinary triclosan levels were 0.65 and 0.44 μg/L, respectively. One ln-unit increase of maternal urinary triclosan concentration was associated with increase of DQ scores in motor area of children (regression coefficient, β = 0.28, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.03, 0.54; p = 0.03). In sex-stratified analyses, maternal urinary triclosan levels were significantly related to increases in DQ scores in motor area among boys (β = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.50; p = 0.04), while postnatal urinary triclosan concentrations were inversely associated with DQ scores in social area in boys (β = -0.37, 95%CI: -0.72, -0.03; p = 0.03).CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggested that prenatal triclosan exposure predicted increases in motor scores, while postnatal triclosan exposure was related to reductions in social scores of 3-year-old children. These associations were only observed in boys. The biological mechanisms linking triclosan exposure to neurodevelopment await further studies.
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31.
  • Guo, Jianqiu, et al. (författare)
  • Maternal and childhood urinary phenol concentrations, neonatal thyroid function, and behavioral problems at 10 years of age : The SMBCS study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 743
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Environmental phenols, bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan (TCS), and benzophenone-3 (BP-3), are known as emerging endocrine-disrupting chemicals; however, their impacts on thyroid hormones and children's neurobehaviors are still unclear.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the associations of prenatal and childhood exposure to phenols with neonatal thyroid function and childhood behavioral problems aged 10 years.METHODS: A total of 386 mother-singleton pairs were included from Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort Study (SMBCS), a longitudinal birth cohort in China. We quantified urinary BPA, TCS and BP-3 concentrations in maternal and 10-year-old children's urine samples using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and thyroid function parameters in cord serum samples. Caregivers completed the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for their children at 10 years of age. Multivariable linear regression models and logistic regression models were applied to estimate associations of urinary phenol concentrations with thyroid hormones and risks of children's behavioral problems, respectively.RESULTS: The median values of urinary BPA, TCS and BP-3 concentrations for pregnant women were 1.75 μg/L, 0.54 μg/L and 0.37 μg/L, while 1.29 μg/L, 6.64 μg/L and 1.39 μg/L for children, respectively. Maternal urinary BPA concentrations were in associations with 1.00% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20%, 1.92%] increases in cord serum FT4 concentrations and significantly associated with increased risks of total difficulties [odds ratio (OR): 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.97], while maternal urinary levels of BP-3 were significantly related to poorer prosocial behaviors (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.39) of children at 10 years of age. In sex-stratified analyses, maternal urinary BPA concentrations were related to increased total difficulty subscales only in boys.CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated that higher prenatal urinary BPA concentrations were associated with increased risks of total difficulties, especially in boys and maternal urinary BP-3 concentrations were related to poorer prosocial behaviors at 10 years.
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32.
  • Guo, Jianqiu, et al. (författare)
  • Prenatal exposure to multiple phenolic compounds, fetal reproductive hormones, and the second to fourth digit ratio of children aged 10 years in a prospective birth cohort
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Pergamon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 263
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Select phenols are known to possess hormone-disrupting properties, but no previous study has addressed the potential effects of prenatal exposure to phenol mixtures on fetal reproductive hormones and children's second to fourth digit (2D: 4D) ratio, a marker for in utero testosterone (T) exposure. We aimed to explore interrelations of prenatal phenol exposures individually and in mixtures, cord serum reproductive hormones, and 2D: 4D ratio of children aged 10 years. Urinary 11 phenol concentrations were determined from 392 pregnant women participating in a longitudinal birth cohort. We estimated associations of prenatal phenol exposures individually and in mixtures with cord reproductive hormones and children's 2D:4D ratio using three statistical approaches, including generalized linear models (GLMs), elastic net regression (ENR) models and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models. In female newborns, the three models showed that maternal triclosan (TCS) concentrations were significantly negatively associated with cord serum T levels [regression coefficient (β) = -0.076, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.138, -0.013; p = 0.018]. Additionally, maternal urinary bisphenol A (BPA) levels were related to decreases in 2D:4D ratio of the left hand in girls by GLMs (β = -0.003, 95% CI: 0.007, -0.001; p = 0.024) and ENR models, but not BKMR models. We provided evidence that prenatal TCS exposure predicted lower cord serum T levels, and maternal BPA exposure was related to decreased 2D:4D ratio of the left hand in females.
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33.
  • Guo, J., et al. (författare)
  • Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and adiposity measures at age 7 years in a prospective birth cohort
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Pergamon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 251
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure during early life may increase risk of childhood obesity, however, prospective evidence of birth cohort is limited and inconclusive. We aimed to explore the associations of maternal and childhood BPA exposure with child adiposity measures, including body mass index, waist circumference and skinfold thickness and waist to height ratio of children at 7 years. 430 mother-child pairs were examined from a population-based prospective cohort in a rural area of East China. BPA concentrations of spot urine samples were quantified in mothers and their children aged 3 and 7 years. Maternal urinary BPA concentration was significantly positively associated with waist circumference in children aged 7 years (β = 0.508 cm, 95% CI: 0.067, 0.950). These significant associations were not modified by child sex, but they were only observed among girls in sex-stratified analyses. Risk of central obesity related to prenatal BPA exposure was significantly higher in the second and the third tertile than those in the first tertile (odds ratio, OR = 2.510, 95% CI = 1.146, 5.499; OR = 2.584, 95% CI = 1.186, 5.631, respectively; p for trend = 0.022). The present findings suggested that prenatal exposure to BPA may enhance waist circumference of children and thereby increase risk of central obesity in school-age girls.
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34.
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35.
  • Han, Ning, et al. (författare)
  • Achieving Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution in Acidic Media on Yttrium Ruthenate Pyrochlore through Cobalt Incorporation
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 33:20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The development of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) especially in acidic media remains the major challenge that still requires significant advances, both in material design and mechanistic exploration. In this study, the incorporation of cobalt in Y2-xCoxRu2O7−δ results in an ultrahigh OER activity because of the charge redistribution at eg orbitals between Ru and Co atoms. The Y1.75Co0.25Ru2O7−δ electrocatalyst exhibits an extremely small overpotential of 275 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4 at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is smaller than that of parent Y2Ru2O7−δ (360 mV) and commercial RuO2 (286 mV) catalysts. The systematic investigation of the composition related to OER activity shows that the Co substitution will also bring other effective changes, such as reducing the bandgap, and creating oxygen vacancies, which result in fast OER charge transfer. Meanwhile, the strengthening of the bond hybridization between the d orbitals of metal (Y and Ru) and the 2p orbitals of O will intrinsically enhance the chemical stability. Finally, theoretical calculations indicate that cobalt substitution reduces the theoretical overpotential both through an adsorbate evolution mechanism and a lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism.
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36.
  • He, Haoran, et al. (författare)
  • Deciphering microbiomes dozens of meters under our feet and their edaphoclimatic and spatial drivers
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - 1354-1013. ; 30:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Microbes inhabiting deep soil layers are known to be different from their counterpart in topsoil yet remain under investigation in terms of their structure, function, and how their diversity is shaped. The microbiome of deep soils (>1 m) is expected to be relatively stable and highly independent from climatic conditions. Much less is known, however, on how these microbial communities vary along climate gradients. Here, we used amplicon sequencing to investigate bacteria, archaea, and fungi along fifteen 18-m depth profiles at 20–50-cm intervals across contrasting aridity conditions in semi-arid forest ecosystems of China's Loess Plateau. Our results showed that bacterial and fungal α diversity and bacterial and archaeal community similarity declined dramatically in topsoil and remained relatively stable in deep soil. Nevertheless, deep soil microbiome still showed the functional potential of N cycling, plant-derived organic matter degradation, resource exchange, and water coordination. The deep soil microbiome had closer taxa–taxa and bacteria–fungi associations and more influence of dispersal limitation than topsoil microbiome. Geographic distance was more influential in deep soil bacteria and archaea than in topsoil. We further showed that aridity was negatively correlated with deep-soil archaeal and fungal richness, archaeal community similarity, relative abundance of plant saprotroph, and bacteria–fungi associations, but increased the relative abundance of aerobic ammonia oxidation, manganese oxidation, and arbuscular mycorrhizal in the deep soils. Root depth, complexity, soil volumetric moisture, and clay play bridging roles in the indirect effects of aridity on microbes in deep soils. Our work indicates that, even microbial communities and nutrient cycling in deep soil are susceptible to changes in water availability, with consequences for understanding the sustainability of dryland ecosystems and the whole-soil in response to aridification. Moreover, we propose that neglecting soil depth may underestimate the role of soil moisture in dryland ecosystems under future climate scenarios.
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37.
  • He, Liang, et al. (författare)
  • A Coarse-Grained Molecular Model for Simulating Self-Healing of Bitumen
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 12:20, s. 10360-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The longevity of asphalt pavements is a key focus of road engineering, which closely relates to the self-healing ability of bitumen. Our work aims to establish a CGMD model and matched force field for bitumen and break through the limitations of the research scale to further explore the microscopic mechanism of bitumen self-healing. In this study, a CGMD mapping scheme containing 16 kinds of beads is proposed, and the non-bond potential energy function and bond potential energy function are calculated based on all-atom simulation to construct and validate a coarse-grained model for bitumen. On this basis, a micro-crack model with a width of 36.6nm is simulated, and the variation laws of potential energy, density, diffusion coefficient, relative concentration and temperature in the process of bitumen self-healing are analyzed with the cracking rate parameter proposed to characterize the degree of bitumen crack healing. The results show that the computational size of the coarse-grained simulation is much larger than that of the all-atom, which can explain the self-healing mechanism at the molecular level. In the self-healing process, non-bonded interactions dominate the molecular movement, and differences in the decreased rate of diffusion among the components indicate that saturates and aromatics play a major role in self-healing. Meanwhile, the variations in crack rates reveal that healing time is inversely proportional to temperature. The impact of increasing temperature on reducing healing time is most obvious when the temperature approaches the glass transition temperature (300 K).
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38.
  • He, Liang, et al. (författare)
  • Discrete element simulation of porous asphalt mixture clogging law
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Jiaotong Yunshu Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering. - : Chang'an University. - 1671-1637. ; 23:2, s. 78-91
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To reveal the pore clogging law of porous asphalt mixture, the combination study of model experiment and simulation of porous asphalt mixture clogging was conducted. The pore characteristics of the porous asphalt mixture were analyzed based on the CT-scanning and discrete element software PFC3D V5. 0, and the pore data of the porous asphalt mixture were obtained. The aggregates of different particle sizes were put into PFC3D V5. 0, and the compacted virtual specimens were generated according to the pore characteristics. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the pore images of actual specimens with the MATLAB slices. In the self-weight condition, the simulation was set with the porous asphalt mixture specimen being intruded by clogging particles with specific gradation composition. The data of indoor experiments were compared and verified. The particle sizes of clogging particles were changed, and the pore decay rates of the specimen were analyzed. The clogging-sensitive particles were identified. In the self-weight condition, the fluid simulation experiment was introduced, and the change law of specimen clogging was analyzed by changing the seepage rate of fluid. Analysis results show that the virtual specimen generated by PFC3D V5. 0 has high accuracy, and the simulation reveals the clogging law of the specimen. The small particles not only accumulate at the throat position causing clogging, but also congregate and interlock with the particles of larger sizes resulting in clogging too. In the self-weight condition, the clogging is mainly concentrated at the upper 30 mm of the mixture specimen, and the size distribution of corresponding clogging-sensitive particles is 0. 150-0. 600 mm. The size distribution of clogging particles has a great impact on the clogging results. In the conditions of gravity and fluid, with the seepage rate increasing from 0. 005 m • s-1 to 0. 030 m • s-1, the changing rate of pore decay rate increases. In addition, the clogging particles remaining in the mixture decrease, accompanied by the reduction of the pore decay rate. Therefore, the local rainfall conditions should also be considered in the design and maintenance of drainage asphalt pavement. 2 tabs, 20 figs, 30 refs. © 2023 Chang'an University. All rights reserved.
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39.
  • He, Lei, et al. (författare)
  • Non-symmetric responses of leaf onset date to natural warming and cooling in northern ecosystems
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: PNAS Nexus. - 2752-6542. ; 2:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The northern hemisphere has experienced regional cooling, especially during the global warming hiatus (1998-2012) due to ocean energy redistribution. However, the lack of studies about the natural cooling effects hampers our understanding of vegetation responses to climate change. Using 15,125 ground phenological time series at 3,620 sites since the 1950s and 31-year satellite greenness observations (1982-2012) covering the warming hiatus period, we show a stronger response of leaf onset date (LOD) to natural cooling than to warming, i.e. the delay of LOD caused by 1°C cooling is larger than the advance of LOD with 1°C warming. This might be because cooling leads to larger chilling accumulation and heating requirements for leaf onset, but this non-symmetric LOD response is partially offset by warming-related drying. Moreover, spring greening magnitude, in terms of satellite-based greenness and productivity, is more sensitive to LOD changes in the warming area than in the cooling. These results highlight the importance of considering non-symmetric responses of spring greening to warming and cooling when predicting vegetation-climate feedbacks.
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40.
  • He, Mao Qiang, et al. (författare)
  • Phylogenomics, divergence times and notes of orders in Basidiomycota
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Fungal Diversity. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 126, s. 127-406
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla in the fungal tree of life. The outline of Basidiomycota provides essential taxonomic information for researchers and workers in mycology. In this study, we present a time-framed phylogenomic tree with 487 species of Basidiomycota from 127 families, 47 orders, 14 classes and four subphyla; we update the outline of Basidiomycota based on the phylogenomic relationships and the taxonomic studies since 2019; and we provide notes for each order and discuss the history, defining characteristics, evolution, justification of orders, problems, significance, and plates. Our phylogenomic analysis suggests that the subphyla diverged in a time range of 443–490 Myr (million years), classes in a time range of 312–412 Myr, and orders in a time range of 102–361 Myr. Families diverged in a time range of 50–289 Myr, 76–224 Myr, and 62–156 Myr in Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, and Ustilaginomycotina, respectively. Based on the phylogenomic relationships and divergence times, we propose a new suborder Mycenineae in Agaricales to accommodate Mycenaceae. In the current outline of Basidiomycota, there are four subphyla, 20 classes, 77 orders, 297 families, and 2134 genera accepted. When building a robust taxonomy of Basidiomycota in the genomic era, the generation of molecular phylogenetic data has become relatively easier. Finding phenotypical characters, especially those that can be applied for identification and classification, however, has become increasingly challenging.
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41.
  • He, Tao, et al. (författare)
  • Kinetically Controlled Reticular Assembly of a Chemically Stable Mesoporous Ni(II)-Pyrazolate Metal-Organic Framework
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 142:31, s. 13491-13499
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The application scope of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is severely restricted by their weak chemical stability and limited pore size. A robust MOF with large mesopores is highly desired, yet poses a great synthetic challenge. Herein, two chemically stable Ni(II)-pyrazolate MOFs, BUT-32 and -33, were constructed from a conformation-matched elongated pyrazolate ligand through the isoreticular expansion. The two MOFs share the same sodalite-type net, but have different pore sizes due to the network interpenetration in BUT-32. Controlled syntheses of the two MOFs have been achieved through precisely tuning reaction conditions, where the microporous BUT-32 was demonstrated to be a thermodynamically stable product while the mesoporous BUT-33 is kinetically favored. To date, BUT-32 represents the first example of Ni-4-pyrazolate MOF whose structure was unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, the kinetic product BUT-33 integrates 2.6 nm large mesopores with accessible Ni(II) active sites and remarkable chemical stability even in 4 M NaOH aqueous solution and 1 M Grignard reagent. This MOF thus demonstrated an excellent catalytic performance in carbon-carbon coupling reactions, superior to other Ni(II)-MOFs including BUT-32. These findings highlight the importance of kinetic control in the reticular synthesis of mesoporous MOFs, as well as their superiority in heterogeneous catalysis.
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42.
  • Hu, Yuning, et al. (författare)
  • Cooking methods affect the intake of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from grass carp
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. - : Academia Press. - 0147-6513 .- 1090-2414. ; 203
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Consumption of fish is one of the predominant sources of human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). In this study, the effect of various cooking methods (boiling, steaming, grilling and frying) on the levels of PFASs in fish muscle and the intake of PFASs was explored by using grass carp collected from Tangxun Lake, Wuhan, China. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the predominant PFASs in raw fish fillets, with the concentrations ranging from 59.6 to 136 ng/g ww, followed by perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) (7.73-51.9 ng/g ww). The concentrations of long-chain PFASs in fish increased after cooking, while those of short-chain PFASs decreased. The amounts of PFASs in the cooked fish fillets decreased except PFOS. Short-chain PFASs, including PFBS and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), were dominant in cooking juice. The highest amounts of PFBS in the juices were observed after boiling and frying, even higher than those in cooked fish fillets, suggesting that the release of short-chain PFASs to the cooking juices could not be neglected. Based on these results, the intake of short-chain PFASs amount through cooked fish fillets slightly decreased, but the intake of PFOS amount increased. However, consumption of cooking juice (fish soup) could increase the exposure risk of PFBS. Comprehensively considering the increase of PFOS and decrease of total PFASs, boiling may be the relatively better method to cook fish. As PFASs are ubiquitous and inevitable in aquatic food, it is thus important to choose appropriate cooking processes and dietary habits for reducing the intake of different PFASs from fish.
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43.
  • Janko, Matthew R., et al. (författare)
  • In-situ bypass is associated with superior infection-free survival compared with extra-anatomic bypass for the management of secondary aortic graft infections without enteric involvement
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0741-5214 .- 1097-6809. ; 76:2, s. 546-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The optimal revascularization modality following complete resection of aortic graft infection (AGI) without enteric involvement remains unclear. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the revascularization approach associated with the lowest morbidity and mortality using real-world data in patients undergoing complete excision of AGI. Methods: A retrospective, multi-institutional study of AGI from 2002 to 2014 was performed using a standardized database. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, and perioperative variables were recorded. The primary outcome was infection-free survival. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and univariate and multivariable analyses were performed. Results: A total of 241 patients at 34 institutions from seven countries presented with AGI during the study period (median age, 68 years; 75% male). The initial aortic procedures that resulted in AGI were 172 surgical grafts (71%), 66 endografts (27%), and three unknown (2%). Of the patients, 172 (71%) underwent complete excision of infected aortic graft material followed by in situ (in-line) bypass (ISB), including antibiotic-treated prosthetic graft (35%), autogenous femoral vein (neo-aortoiliac surgery) (24%), and cryopreserved allograft (41%). Sixty-nine patients (29%) underwent extra-anatomic bypass (EAB). Overall median Kaplan-Meier estimated survival was 5.8 years. Perioperative mortality was 16%. When stratified by ISB vs EAB, there was a significant difference in Kaplan-Meier estimated infection-free survival (2910 days; interquartile range, 391-3771 days vs 180 days; interquartile range, 27-3750 days; P <.001). There were otherwise no significant differences in presentation, comorbidities, or perioperative variables. Multivariable Cox regression showed lower infection-free survival among patients with EAB (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-3.6; P <.001), polymicrobial infection (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4-3.5; P = .001), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.7; P = .02), as well as the protective effect of omental/muscle flap coverage (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37-0.92; P = .02). Conclusions: After complete resection of AGI, perioperative mortality is 16% and median overall survival is 5.8 years. EAB is associated with nearly a two and one-half-fold higher reinfection/mortality compared with ISB. Omental and/or muscle flap coverage of the repair appear protective.
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44.
  • Jia, Xiaomin, et al. (författare)
  • Single crystal metal-organic framework constructed by vertically self-pillared nanosheets and its derivative for oriented lithium plating
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Cuihuà xuébào. - : Elsevier BV. - 0253-9837 .- 1872-2067. ; 42:9, s. 1553-1560
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This vertically self-pillared (VSP) structure extends the application range of traditional porous materials with facile mass/ion transport and enhanced reaction kinetics. Here, we prepare a single crystal metal-organic framework (MOF), employing the ZIF-67 structure as a proof of concept, which is constructed by vertically self-pillared nanosheets (VSP-MOF). We further converted VSP-MOF into VSP-cobalt sulfide (VSP-CoS2) through a sulfidation process. Catalysis plays an important role in almost all battery technologies; for metallic batteries, lithium anodes exhibit a high theoretical specific capacity, low density, and low redox potential. However, during the half-cell reaction (Li++e=Li), uncontrolled dendritic Li penetrates the separator and solid electrolyte interphase layer. When employed as a composite scaffold for lithium metal deposition, there are many advantage to using this framework: 1) the VSP-CoS2 substrate provides a high specific surface area to dissipate the ion flux and mass transfer and acts as a pre-catalyst, 2) the catalytic Co center favors the charge transfer process and preferentially binds the Li+ with the enhanced electrical fields, and 3) the VSP structure guides the metallic propagation along the nanosheet 2D orientation without the protrusive dendrites. All these features enable the VSP structure in metallic batteries with encouraging performances.
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45.
  • Jiang, Jizhong, et al. (författare)
  • Synergistic strain engineering of perovskite single crystals for highly stable and sensitive X-ray detectors with low-bias imaging and monitoring
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nature Photonics. - : Nature Portfolio. - 1749-4885 .- 1749-4893. ; 16:8, s. 575-581
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • X-ray detectors based on dual-site-doped perovskite single crystals exhibit excellent sensitivity of 2.6 x 10(4) mu C Gy(air)(-1) cm(-2) under a low field of 1 V cm(-1). The detectable dose rate is as low as 7.09 nGy(air) s(-1). The operational stability is beyond half a year. Although three-dimensional metal halide perovskite (ABX(3)) single crystals are promising next-generation materials for radiation detection, state-of-the-art perovskite X-ray detectors include methylammonium as A-site cations, limiting the operational stability. Previous efforts to improve the stability using formamidinium-caesium-alloyed A-site cations usually sacrifice the detection performance because of high trap densities. Here we successfully solve this trade-off between stability and detection performance by synergistic composition engineering, where we include A-site alloys to decrease the trap density and B-site dopants to release the microstrain induced by A-site alloying. As such, we develop high-performance perovskite X-ray detectors with excellent stability. Our X-ray detectors exhibit high sensitivity of (2.6 +/- 0.1) x 10(4) mu C Gy(air)(-1) cm(-2) under 1 V cm(-1) and ultralow limit of detection of 7.09 nGy(air) s(-1). In addition, they feature long-term operational stability over half a year and impressive thermal stability up to 125 degrees C. We further demonstrate the promise of our perovskite X-ray detectors for low-bias portable applications with high-quality X-ray imaging and monitoring prototypes.
  •  
46.
  • Jiang, K., et al. (författare)
  • Covalent Triazine Frameworks and Porous Carbons : Perspective from an Azulene-Based Case
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Macromolecular rapid communications. - : Wiley. - 1022-1336 .- 1521-3927. ; 43:20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are among the most valuable frameworks owing to many fantastic properties. However, molten salt-involved preparation of CTFs at 400–600 °C causes debate on whether CTFs represent organic frameworks or carbon. Herein, new CTFs based on the 1,3-dicyanoazulene monomer (CTF-Azs) are synthesized using molten ZnCl2 at 400–600 °C. Chemical structure analysis reveals that the CTF-Az prepared at low temperature (400 °C) exhibits polymeric features, whereas those prepared at high temperatures (600 °C) exhibit typical carbon features. Even after being treated at even higher temperatures, the CTF-Azs retain their rich porosity, but the polymeric features vanish. Although structural de-conformation is a widely accepted outcome in polymer-to-carbon rearrangement processes, the study evaluates such processes in the context of CTF systems. A proof-of-concept study is performed, observing that the as-synthesized CTF-Azs exhibit promising performance as cathodes for Li- and K-ion batteries. Moreover, the as-prepared NPCs exhibit excellent catalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance; hence, they can be used as air cathodes in Zn-air batteries. This study not only provides new building blocks for novel CTFs with controllable polymer/carbon features but also offers insights into the formation and structure transformation history of CTFs during thermal treatment. 
  •  
47.
  • Jin, Binghan, et al. (författare)
  • Abdominal Adiposity and Total Body Fat as Predictors of Cardiometabolic Health in Children and Adolescents With Obesity
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Endocrinology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-2392. ; 11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective:We aimed to assess the role of adipose tissue distribution in cardiometabolic risk (in particular insulin sensitivity) in a population of children and adolescents with obesity. Methods:In this cross-sectional study, participants were 479 children and adolescents with obesity (322 boys and 157 girls) aged 3 to 18 years attending the Children's Hospital at Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou, China). Clinical assessments included anthropometry, body composition (DXA scans), carotid artery ultrasounds, and OGTT. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the Matsuda index. Participants were stratified into groups by sex and pubertal stage. Key predictors were DXA-derived android-to-gynoid-fat ratio (A/G) and total body fat percentage (TBF%). Results:Irrespective of sex and pubertal stage, there was a strong association between increasing A/G (i.e., greater abdominal adiposity) and lower insulin sensitivity. In multivariable models, every 0.1 increase in A/G was associated with a reduction in insulin sensitivity in prepubertal boys [-29% (95% CI -36%, -20%);p< 0.0001], pubertal boys [-13% (95% CI -21%, -6%);p= 0.001], and pubertal girls [-16% (95% CI -24%, -6%);p= 0.002]. In contrast, TBF% was not associated with insulin sensitivity when A/G was adjusted for, irrespective of pubertal stage or sex. In addition, every 0.1 increase in A/G was associated with increased likelihood of dyslipidemia in prepubertal boys [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.62 (95% CI 1.05, 2.49)], impaired glucose tolerance in pubertal boys [aOR 1.64 (95% CI 1.07, 2.51)] and pubertal girls [aOR 1.81 (95% CI 1.10, 2.98)], and odds of NAFLD in both prepubertal [aOR 2.57 (95% CI 1.56, 4.21)] and pubertal [aOR 1.69 (95% CI 1.18, 2.40)] boys. In contrast, higher TBF% was only associated with higher fasting insulin and ALT in pubertal boys, being also predictive of NAFLD in this group [aOR 1.15 per percentage point (95% CI 1.06, 1.26)], but was not associated with the likelihood of other cardiometabolic outcomes assessed in any group. Conclusions:A/G is a much stronger independent predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with obesity in China, particularly glucose metabolism.
  •  
48.
  • Jin, Tingting, et al. (författare)
  • Efficient heterogeneous integration of InP/Si and GaSb/Si templates with ultra-smooth surfaces
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Science China Information Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1869-1919 .- 1674-733X. ; 65:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Heterogeneous integration of InP and GaSb on Si substrates holds a huge potential interest in near-infrared and mid-infrared optoelectronic devices. In this study, 2-inch 180-nm-thick InP and 185-nm-thick GaSb thin layers were successfully transferred onto the Si substrates to form high-quality and ultra-smooth InP/Si and GaSb/Si templates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and the ion-slicing technique together with selective chemical etching. The relocation of the implantation-introduced damage in the sacrificial layer enables the transfer of relatively defect-free InP and GaSb thin films. The sacrificial layers were completely etched off by selective chemical etching, leaving ultra-smooth epitaxial surfaces with a roughness of 0.2 nm for the InP/Si template and 0.9 nm for the GaSb/Si template, respectively. Thus, the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process was not required to smooth the surface which usually introduces particles and chemical contaminations on the transferred templates. Furthermore, the donor substrate is not consumed and can be recycled to reduce the cost, which provides a paradigm for the sustainable and economic development of the Si integration platform.
  •  
49.
  • Jin, Xinyi, et al. (författare)
  • Association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity with incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based cohort study.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Sport and Health Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2095-2546 .- 2213-2961.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity (PA) with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based prospective cohort study.METHODS: Altogether, 88,000 participants (mean age = 62.2 ± 7.9 years, mean ± SD) were included from the UK Biobank. Sleep duration (short: <6 h/day; normal: 6-8 h/day; long: >8 h/day) and PA of different intensities were measured using a wrist-worn accelerometer over a 7-day period between 2013 and 2015. PA was classified according to the median or World Health Organization-recommendation: total volume of PA (high, low), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (recommended, not recommended), and light-intensity PA (high, low). Incidence of type 2 diabetes was ascertained using hospital records or death registries.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 1615 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented. Compared with normal sleep duration, short (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.03-1.41) but not long sleep duration (HR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.89-1.15) was associated with excessive type 2 diabetes risk. This increased risk among short sleepers seems to be protected against by PA. Compared with normal sleepers with high or recommended PA, short sleepers with low volume of PA (HR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.46-2.25), not recommended (below the World Health Organization-recommended level of) moderate-to-vigorous PA (HR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.55-2.36), or low light-intensity PA (HR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.13-1.90) had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, while short sleepers with a high volume of PA (HR = 1.14, 95%CI: 0.88-1.49), recommended moderate-to-vigorous PA (HR = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.71-1.48), or high light-intensity PA (HR = 1.14, 95%CI: 0.92-1.41) did not.CONCLUSION: Accelerometer-measured short but not long sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes. A higher level of PA, regardless of intensity, potentially ameliorates this excessive risk.
  •  
50.
  • Kang, Yuqiong, et al. (författare)
  • Phosphorus-doped lithium- and manganese-rich layered oxide cathode material for fast charging lithium-ion batteries
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Energy Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 2095-4956 .- 2096-885X. ; 62, s. 538-545
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Owing to their high theoretical specific capacity and low cost, lithium- and manganese-rich layered oxide (LMR) cathode materials are receiving increasing attention for application in lithium-ion batteries. However, poor lithium ion and electron transport kinetics plus side effects of anion and cation redox reactions hamper power performance and stability of the LMRs. In this study, LMR Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 was modified by phosphorus (P)-doping to increase Li+ conductivity in the bulk material. This was achieved by increasing the interlayer spacing of the lithium layer, electron transport and structural stability, resulting in improvement of the rate and safety performance. P5+ doping increased the distance between the (003) crystal planes from ∼0.474 nm to 0.488 nm and enhanced the structural stability by forming strong covalent bonds with oxygen atoms, resulting in an improved rate performance (capacity retention from 38% to 50% at 0.05 C to 5 C) and thermal stability (50% heat release compared with pristine material). First-principles calculations showed the P-doping makes the transfer of excited electrons from the valence band to conduction band easier and P can form a strong covalent bond helping to stabilize material structure. Furthermore, the solid-state electrolyte modified P5+ doped LMR showed an improved cycle performance for up to 200 cycles with capacity retention of 90.5% and enhanced initial coulombic efficiency from 68.5% (pristine) or 81.7% (P-doped LMR) to 88.7%.
  •  
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