| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Knijnenburg, Jesper T.N., et al.
(författare)
-
Chapter 4 - Nanostructured Minerals and Vitamins for Food Fortification and Food Supplementation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nanomaterials for Food Applications. - : Elsevier. - 9780128141304 - 9780128141311 ; , s. 63-98
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Insufficient intakes of minerals (such as iron, calcium, and zinc) and vitamins cause major global health problems, which can be alleviated by food fortification or supplementation. By decreasing the particle size (i.e., increasing the specific surface area) down to the nanoscale the bioavailability can be enhanced, but this may also result in adverse effects such as higher toxicity. In this chapter we describe the recent developments of nanosized mineral and vitamin compounds and their potential in the food industry. The chapter gives a brief overview of synthesis techniques of nanofortificants and in vivo and in vitro assessment methods of nutrient bioavailability and stability. A literature review of the latest developments of nutritional nanocompounds in research is given. The chapter finishes with a critical discussion of the major challenges for routine application of nanocompounds in the food industry, followed by conclusions and future research.
|
|
| 3. |
- Kniola, Barbara
(författare)
-
Methods in electron microscopic quantitative immunocytochemistry using adenohypophysis as a model
- 1994
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Quantitative ultrastructural immunocytochemistry (QUIC) is based on the assessment of immunogold labeling over the surface of ultrathin resin-embedded sections. The density of specific labeling, expressed as the number of gold particles/mm2 of a specific area can only be used as an approximative estimation of antigen concentration in the object.The reliability of QUIC depends on the quality of the methods used to prepare the samples; therefore, to make QUIC reliable, the entire preparative protocol! has to be evaluated, step by step. Secretory granules in cells of the pituitary gland have been chosen as a model system. They constitute targets that are sensitive enough for analyses of exogenous factors, such as fixation, dehydration, embedding and immunostaining. Morphological parameters, such as diameter, area, roundness and gray values could be measured by computerized image analysis and the results related to the experimental factors.Certain combinations of processing for EM were found to give the highest immunolabeling. A further criteria was, however, added-reproducibility of immunostaining among series of ultrathin sections. The most consistent labeling densities were found after cryofixation followed by physical dehydration and embedding in epoxy resin. One of the explanations could be that the greater resin surface relief of the latter provides a larger accessible area for the attachment of immunogold reactants. The advantages of certain techniques, such as EM in STEM mode and X-ray microanalysis were demonstrated and facilitated the evaluation of techniques in QUIC.
|
|
| 4. |
- Kniola, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
-
The domain structure of centromeres is conserved from fission yeast to humans
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Molecular Biology of the Cell. - : American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB). - 1059-1524 .- 1939-4586. ; 12:9, s. 2767-2775
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The centromeric DNA of fission yeast is arranged with a central core flanked by repeated sequences. The centromere-associated proteins, Mis6p and Cnp1p (SpCENP-A), associate exclusively with central core DNA, whereas the Swi6 protein binds the surrounding repeats. Here, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence light microscopy reveal that the central core and flanking regions occupy distinct positions within a heterochromatic domain. An "anchor" structure containing the Ndc80 protein resides between this heterochromatic domain and the spindle pole body. The organization of centromere-associated proteins in fission yeast is reminiscent of the multilayered structures of human kinetochores, indicating that such domain structure is conserved in eukaryotes.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Giugni, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
Outcomes of Social Movements and Protest Activities
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Oxford Bibliographies Online: Political Science. - Oxford : Oxford university Press.
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scholarship has left the study of the consequences of social movements in the background for a long time, focusing instead on movement emergence, characteristics, and dynamics. Since the mid-1970s, however, scholars have paid an increasing interest in how social movements and protest activities may produce change at various levels. The existing literature can be ordered according to the kind of consequence addressed. In this regard, one can roughly distinguish between political, biographical, and cultural outcomes. Political consequences are those effects of movement activities that alter in some way the movements’ political environment. Biographical consequences are effects on the life course of individuals who have participated in movement activities, effects that are at least in part due to involvement in those activities. Although their contours are less easily defined, cultural outcomes can be seen as the impact that social movements may have in altering their broader cultural environment. The bulk of the existing works have dealt with policy outcomes, which can be considered as a subcategory of political outcomes. Biographical outcomes are less numerous, but they form a substantial and quite coherent body of literature. Cultural outcomes have been studied much less often. More recently, scholars have started to investigate the effects that social movements and protest activities may have on other aspects of society, such as the economy and market-related institutions, or on other movements. In addition, one should also consider the distinction between internal and external outcomes as well as that between intended and unintended consequences. Both distinctions partly crosscut the typology of political, biographical, and cultural outcomes, although one might think of political outcomes as mostly external and more intended, biographical outcomes as mostly internal and unintended, and cultural outcomes as both internal and external and mostly unintended.
|
|
