| 1. |
- Campillo, Javier, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Battery technologies for transportation applications
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Technologies and Applications for Smart Charging of Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319436517 - 9783319436494 ; , s. 151-206
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- More than a fifth of the greenhouse emissions produced worldwide come from the transport sector. Several initiatives have been developed over the last few decades, aiming at improving vehicles’ energy conversion efficiency and improve mileage per liter of fuel. Most recently, electric vehicles have been brought back into the market as real competitors of conventional vehicles. Electric vehicle technology offers higher conversion efficiencies, reduced greenhouse emissions, low noise, etc. There are, however, several challenges to overcome, for instance: improving batteries’ energy density to increase the driving range, fast recharging, and initial cost. These issues are addressed on this chapter by looking in depth into both conventional and non-conventional storage technologies in different transportation applications.
|
|
| 2. |
- Zimmerman, Nathan, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Agglomeration Detection in Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers Using Refuse Derived Fuels
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 2016 9th EUROSIM Congress on Modelling and Simulation. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781509041190 ; , s. 123-128
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of agglomerates in a refuse derived fuel (RDF) fired circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler has been investigated by implementing a dynamic model of the combustion process. The nature of refuse derived fuel, which is complex in composition, leads to an increased tendency for agglomerate formation. Notwithstanding the fact that a robust control scheme is essential in preventing the decrease in boiler efficiency from accelerated agglomerate formation. Therefore, a mechanism for detecting agglomeration through a physical model by looking at the minimum fluidization is presented. As agglomerates form between the fuel ash and bed sand the average diameter of the sand will increase and therefore the minimum fluidization velocity. Samples of bed material have been sieved and measured from a 150MW circulating fluidized bed boiler fired with refuse derived fuel to determine bed material size distribution. The findings have been correlated and match an increase in the minimum fluidization velocity during a seven day sampling period where the bed material size distribution increases above the average sand diameter.
|
|
