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Träfflista för sökning "hsv:(ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY) hsv:(Other Engineering and Technologies) srt2:(2010-2019)"

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1.
  • Amann, Daniel, 1967-, et al. (författare)
  • Affordability aspects in the concept generation of defence systems
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of 18th International CINet Conference. - Twente : Continuous Innovation Network. - 9789077360200 ; , s. 26-38
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Cost escalation for fighter aircraft is arguably not sustainable. Pushing frontiers oftechnology by incremental improvements of traditional platforms has led to anexponential increase in cost. This paper addresses the process of concept generationwith the purpose to explore how affordability is managed in that process, in order toidentify possible measures to improve the likelihood of generating affordableconcepts. This is done by studying two cases of concept generation of future combatair systems. The concepts generated in these two cases are however not curbing thecost escalation and are, with only one notable exception, based on incrementalinnovation. Nevertheless, the empirical observations offer leads to potentially fostera more innovative and cost conscious concept generation process, indicatingavenues for future research.
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2.
  • Angenendt, Knut, 1982, et al. (författare)
  • Ionic liquid structures from large DFT calculations using mindless configurations
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 114:48, s. 20577-20582
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Three different popular imidazolium based ionic liquids (ILs); EMI-BF4, EMI-PF6, and EMI-TFSI, have been modeled by DFT calculations (B3LYP/6-311+G*) using large, up to 130 atom cluster models, for a better understanding of the structure and ion ion interactions in these ILs and ILs in general. Particular emphasis has been put on the role of appropriate starting structures and how the present large models differ from the ion-pair models of ILs generally used. The system size normalized ion ion interaction energies are shown to converge rapidly, and conformational equilibria and higher order properties like IR spectra are shown to be valuable as quality criteria. The explicit inclusion of an IL environment by the large cluster approach is also compared to using an implicit, continuum, strategy via SCRF C-PCM calculations.
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3.
  • Bengtsson, Lars, 1963 (författare)
  • Electrical Measurement Systems and Methods
  • 2014
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This book treats a wide range of aspects on electrical measurement systems and the methods used to acquire data from electronic systems. That includes sensors and sensor design, amplifiers such as differential and charge amplifiers, ADCs and DACs, digital oscilloscopes, cable theory and probes, noise and noise coupling, common and normal mode signals. This first part (chapters 1-8) doesn’t require any advanced mathematics and is aimed towards undergraduates. The second part (chapters 9-17) is on an advanced level (master level) and treats transform theory (Fourier, Laplace, z) and how to handle signals in frequency space. We cover the sampling theorem (Nyquist), resolution bandwidth, frequency spectrum distortions like aliasing and leakage and how to apply windows in a frequency spectrum. We also cover systems and signal processing in time-space, including convolution and correlation, filter theory and filter design (both analog and digital). The last chapters concern the statistical aspects on measurement systems and signals, like point and interval estimations, curve fitting and uncertainty estimations according to the GUM method.
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5.
  • Capaci, Francesca, et al. (författare)
  • Simulating and Analyzing Experiments in the Tennessee Eastman Process Simulator
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: ENBIS-15.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In many of today’s continuous processes, the data collection is usually performed automatically yielding exorbitant amount of data on various quality characteristics and inputs to the system. Moreover, such data are usually collected at high frequency introducing significant serial dependence in time. This violates the independent data assumption of many industrial statistics methods used in process improvement studies. These studies often involve controlled experiments to unearth the causal relationships to be used for robustness and optimization purposes.However real production processes are not suitable for studying new experimental methodologies, partly because unknown disturbances/experimental settings may lead to erroneous conclusions. Moreover large scale experimentation in production processes is frowned upon due to consequent disturbances and production delays. Hence realistic simulation of such processes offers an excellent opportunity for experimentation and methodological development.One commonly used process simulator is the Tennessee Eastman (TE) challenge chemical process simulator (Downs & Vogel, 1993)[1]. The process produces two products from four reactants, containing 41 measured variables and 12 manipulated variables. In addition to the process description, the problem statement defines process constraints, 20 types of process disturbances, and six operating modes corresponding to different production rates and mass ratios in the product stream.The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the use of the TE process with an appropriate feedback control as a test-bed for the methodological developments of new experimental design and analysis techniques.The paper illustrates how two-level experimental designs can be used to identify how the input factors affect the outputs in a chemical process.Simulations using Matlab/Simulink software are used to study the impact of e.g. process disturbances, closed loop control and autocorrelated data on different experimental arrangements.The experiments are analysed using a time series analysis approach to identify input-output relationships in a process operating in closed-loop with multivariate responses. The dynamics of the process are explored and the necessary run lengths for stable effect estimates are discussed.
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6.
  • Chen, Zhe, et al. (författare)
  • Nano-scale characterization of white layer in broached Inconel 718
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering A: Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 684, s. 373-384
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The formation mechanism of white layers during broaching and their mechanical properties are not well investigated and understood to date. In the present study, multiple advanced characterization techniques with nano-scale resolution, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD), atom probe tomography (APT) as well as nano-indentation, have been used to systematically examine the microstructural evolution and corresponding mechanical properties of a surface white layer formed when broaching the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718.TEM observations showed that the broached white layer consists of nano-sized grains, mostly in the range of 20–50 nm. The crystallographic texture detected by TKD further revealed that the refined microstructure is primarily caused by strong shear deformation. Co-located Al-rich and Nb-rich fine clusters have been identified by APT, which are most likely to be γ′ and γ′′ clusters in a form of co-precipitates, where the clusters showed elongated and aligned appearance associated with the severe shearing history. The microstructural characteristics and crystallography of the broached white layer suggest that it was essentially formed by adiabatic shear localization in which the dominant metallurgical process is rotational dynamic recrystallization based on mechanically-driven subgrain rotations. The grain refinement within the white layer led to an increase of the surface nano-hardness by 14% and a reduction in elastic modulus by nearly 10% compared to that of the bulk material. This is primarily due to the greatly increased volume fraction of grain boundaries, when the grain size was reduced down to the nanoscale.
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7.
  • Cherednichenko, Serguei, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • Online Detection of H2O and CO in the Humid Raw Gas from the Gasifier Using Terahertz Spectroscopy
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: ICPS, 13 International Conference on Polygeneration Strategies, Sept.5-13, Vienna, Austria. - 9783950275483 ; , s. 51-58
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The integration of a gasifier with a complex multistage synthesis process, such as SNG synthesis, demands a fast monitoring of the gasifier performance. However, despite the availability of standard analyzers for determination of dry gas composition, there are still many practical difficulties remaining in the online measurement of tar and steam in the raw gas. For the detection of steam concentration, electromagnetic waves at terahertz frequencies (102-104 GHz) are promising with regard to development of a robust online measurement device for industrial application. The main reason for the high potential is the low risk for interference with the wide range of other molecules and that the transmission of electromagnetic waves at THz frequencies is rather low sensitive to deposits and particulate matter in the course of the beam compared to the conventional and well established wavelengths like infrared. In the present work, a THz gas spectrometer was designed and constructed to check the feasibility of applying this measurement technique at industrial scale. For this purpose, continuous flows of raw gas with various water and CO contents from the Chalmers gasifier as well as a flue gas with known water content from the biomass combustor were introduced to the spectrometer set-up. H2O and CO compositions in each stream were determined in an online manner. The results confirmed the possibility of applying strong rotational water lines at 448 and 380 GHz to develop reliable devices for online measurement of water vapor with excellent error interval. However, some difficulties were encountered for simultaneous detection CO concentration with water within the frequency range studied in this work (300-500 GHz).
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8.
  • Cherednichenko, Serguei, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • Terahertz Gas Spectrometer
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Swedish Microwave Days March 11-12, 2014, Gothenburg, Sweden.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present a 300-500GHz gas spectrometer built for and practically tested at the 2–4-MW indirect gasifier at the Chalmers Power Center. The primary goal is precise online measurements of H2O vapor and CO concentrations in the producer gas. Experimentally obtained H2O vapor concentration resolution was about 1% at the conditions of 50% VMR and 400 deg.C.
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9.
  • Chernikova, Dina, 1982, et al. (författare)
  • Development of the Neutron-Gamma-Neutron (NGN) approach for the fresh and spent fuel assay
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of The 53nd Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In connection with current safety and complexity limitations for installations which usekeV neutrons for irradiation in the fresh and spent fuel assay, in medicine, geophysicaland detection fields, there is a long felt need of effective, light, inexpensive systems withlonger lifetimes and the possibility to ”switch off” the source during transportation andwork break. The present paper discusses an opportunity of creating a novel technique basedon using a pulsed neutron generator, hydrogen moderator and beryllium, which will enablecreation of a compact and inexpensive facility capable to satisfy all requirements. The mainidea of the proposed method consists in using photonuclear reaction in beryllium due togamma irradiation originating from (n,gamma) reaction in a hydrogen containing moderator.After the neutron pulse of a modern compact DD neutron generator in hydrogen-containingmoderator, high-energy neutrons (approximately 2.5 MeV) get slowed down mainly by elasticscattering to near thermal energies. At thermal energies, the neutrons diffuse through thematerial until they undergo thermal capture (capture is dominated by hydrogen neutronabsorbers). When a hydrogen atom captures a thermal neutron, it turns into deuteriumwith the release of a large component of 2.23 MeV gamma-rays. Beryllium is one of thefew elements in nature that undergoes a photonuclear reaction with this gamma energyrange (e.g. deuterium has a low energy 2.225 MeV photonuclear threshold). Thus, as theberyllium has lower neutron-binding energy, 1.667 MeV (photonuclear reaction threshold),a photonuclear reaction will take place with emission of neutrons with energy defined by thekinematic equation. Thus, this method allows to obtain a high quality epithermal neutronbeam without using a complex system with particle accelerator or radioisotope sources withlimited decay time. The proposed method has been studied using Monte Carlo simulations,which made it possible to define the theoretical limits of the use of the NGN approach inindustrial applications. The paper will presents the results of these investigations.
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10.
  • Chernikova, Dina, 1982, et al. (författare)
  • Testing a direct method for evaluating the concentration of boron in a fuel pool using scintillation detectors, and a 252Cf and an 241Am-Be source
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceeding of ESARDA meeting 2013.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present investigations are aimed at the development and testing of a direct non-destructive method for evaluating the concentration of boron in a fuel pool using scintillation detectors. The method uses a modified ratio between two gamma lines with energy of 480 keV and 2.23 MeV. These lines belong to the capture of a thermal neutron in boron and hydrogen, respectively. The relation between them can reveal the concentration of boron in the fuel pond.The method proposed was tested in a laboratory experiment with a 252Cf and an 241Am-Be source. EJ-309 liquid scintillation detectors were used for measurements of gamma spectra. The concentration of boron in water varied from 1550 ppm to 4200 ppm. The optimization and test studies were performed via MCNPX simulations.The results of these tests are provided in the present paper and they show that the boron content in water can be determined through using the characteristics of gamma lines with energy of 480 keV and 2.23 MeV.
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11.
  • Dominic, Chris, 1968-, et al. (författare)
  • Four-dimensional concurrent engineering : an extended theoretical framework integrating packaging
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Four-dimensional concurrent engineering. - : IAPRI. ; , s. 48-48
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper takes on the challenge to integrate packaging in a concept of four-dimensional concurrent engineering (4DCE). The purpose is to explore a conceptual model and empirically evaluate the specific performance of packaging in interrelation with product and processes in the Supply Chain (SC). The objectives are to better understand the concepts of packaging logistics and logistics management in the SC. The conceptual model 4DCE is developed based on the three-dimensional concurrent engineering theories.The tool Packaging Scorecard is applied to evaluate the concurrent performance of packaging throughout the SC. The packaging system involves many actors that are integrated into the 4DCE framework with focus on interaction of SC and logistics in relation to packaging and product, with the overall aim to operate as effectively and efficiently as possible. In order to explore the potential of the 4DCE framework, empirical verification and testing of the concept has been carried out. The process has been done through multiple in-depth, action-oriented case studies in three different industries on the Swedish market. The case studies covered holistic aspects on the packaging system.The concept 4DCE contributes to packaging logistics theory by providing a framework for assessment incorporating complex and dynamic interactions between product, packaging, logistics and SC. Furthermore, the holistic packaging development concept is ensured by increasing knowledge of the packaging system and how it interacts with actors and performs to fulfil requirements along the SC. The 4DCE provides valuable data for packaging development processes in the cases, however there is a need for broader studies in different industries.
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12.
  • Dufek, Jan, 1978 (författare)
  • Building the nodal nuclear data dependences in a many-dimensional state-variable space
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Annals of Nuclear Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4549 .- 1873-2100. ; 38:7, s. 1569-1577
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present new methods for building the polynomial-regression based nodal nuclear data models. Thedata models can reflect dependences on a large number of state variables, and they can consider varioushistory effects. Suitable multivariate polynomials that approximate the nodal data dependences are identifiedefficiently in an iterative manner. The history effects are analysed using a new sampling scheme forlattice calculations where the traditional base burnup and branch calculations are replaced by a largenumber of diverse burnup histories. The total number of lattice calculations is controlled so that the datamodels are built to a required accuracy.
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13.
  • Dufek, Jan, 1978- (författare)
  • Complex models of nodal nuclear data
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: International Conference on Mathematics and Computational Methods Applied to Nuclear Science and Engineering (M&C 2011). - 9788563688002
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • During the core simulations, nuclear data are required at various nodal thermal-hydraulic and fuel burnup conditions. The nodal data are also partially affected by thermal-hydraulic and fuel burnup conditions in surrounding nodes as these change the neutron energy spectrum in the node. Therefore, the nodal data are functions of many parameters (state variables), and the more state variables are considered by the nodal data models the more accurate and flexible the models get. The existing table and polynomial regressionmodels, however, cannot reflect the data dependences on many state variables. As for the table models, the number of mesh points (and necessary lattice calculations) grows exponentially with the number of variables. As for the polynomial regression models, the number of possible multivariate polynomials exceeds the limits of existing selection algorithms that should identify a few dozens of the most important polynomials. Also, the standard scheme of lattice calculations is not convenient for modelling the data dependences on various burnup conditions since it performs only a single or few burnup calculations at fixed nominal conditions. We suggest a new efficient algorithm for selecting the most important multivariate polynomials for the polynomial regression models so that dependences on many state variables can be considered. We also present a new scheme for lattice calculations where a large number of burnup histories are accomplished at varied nodal conditions. The number of lattice calculations being performed and the number of polynomials being analysed are controlled and minimised while building the nodal data models of a required accuracy.
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14.
  • Engström, Tomas, 1950, et al. (författare)
  • Engström, T. and Jonsson, D. (2016). Development and Application of (Certain) Principles for Work Structuring
  • 2015
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This manuscript is an extensive book (or preprint not yet finished to due to one the author’s retirement) summaries four decades research and development work dealing with development work of alternatives to assembly lines and assembly line work, as have been the case for one of the two authors from a technical point of departure (he is a senior research competency in mechanical engineering). On the other hand, the other authors have an even longer time perspective, but he has a social science background (he is a senior research competency within sociology for more than four decades). That is, they have been working at Chalmers University of Technology respectively at Gothenburg University all throughout their professional life. This while they both are belonging to a normative sociotechnical research tradition earlier at hand in the Gothenburg area, which actually has emanated from specific precursors at Gothenburg University (i.e. mainly professor Edmund Dalhström at the Department of Sociology), this research tradition was later on brought over to Chalmers by professor Ulf Karlsson responsible for operation management at the same university. It is fair to state that this research area required the amalgamation of technical as well as social science aspects. Efforts that during the passing years have been substantiated by extensive help and support from the Swedish automotive industry (Saab Scania and Volvo companies, as well as other parts of the industry) and also from several governmental research foundations. In fact, a truer cross and multi-science research approach than what usually is at hand has always been required. The extensive book manuscript is exceeding more than 600 pages. Twelve chapters exists as well as also a number of freestanding appendixes and the necessary (all-pervading) definitions of primary concepts and term in combination with explaining various synonyms and homonyms (a particular dilemma for cross and multi-science approaches) (i.e. are we in agreement with the text it alone, or are we eventually together understanding the underlying meaning). Moreover, the text is scrutinized by word process programs in form of Word as well as by the professional English check-up program Grammarly) and all of the necessary figures are completed. i.e. several revisions of this manuscript have been iterated first between the authors and later on against other parties. Most notable are external revisions by two senior research competencies (professor David Bennet responsible for operation management at Aston Business School, Birmingham and professor Lennart Nilsson responsible for vocational learning and training at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg). The authoring just described (involving the initiated hinted just above) have occupied our minds for more than one decade (our co-authoring and work with specific Japanese research colleagues, have most certainly underlined a need for careful writing, since among other things just nicking the practitioners’ nomenclature will be misleading, as is also the case while relaying on one or a few scientific research areas) (see some of the other publications registrated in Chalmers Public Library CLP) (it is most certainly an extensive research area, and the skills needed to be mastered in order to understand are indeed wide). The underlying principles of any (real-life) assembly system must, according to our understanding, are inventible required to be explained. Thus, it is important for the analyst to grasp whether or not the principle applied is correct or if the practice is questionable. This means, metaphorically speaking, is the original drawings accurate or have the execution (practice) faulty. The two most sociotechnically advanced (real-life) assembly systems both proved to be successful (more efficient and flexible in relation to comparable assembly lines, and work and work conditions were far better). They were both based on correct principles (i.e. the nowadays defunct Volvo Uddevalla plant and the so-called assembly docks at the Volvo Tuve heavy truck chassis plant located in Gothenburg). As will become evident by the content brought forward in this extensive book manuscript. A comment. The most socio-technically advanced assembly system designs inventible requires reformed/reconfigured information systems dealing with product data (which in turn defines the product architecture and product variation). In fact, no any such (real-life) plant or assembly system would work as anticipated otherwise. And this publication is to some extent describing some selected aspects of this (very) dilemma (changing information systems are usually not something considered than designing assembly systems) (thus are totally new plants – and in turn totally new information systems – most often the real practical change to create something unorthodox) (however, which scientist will gain such opportunities, this is really rare, i.e. the projection of the Volvo Uddevalla plant was thus an exception and the trust given by the industry – by Volvo Uddevalla project organisation – was appreciated by some of the authors).
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15.
  • Engström, Tomas, 1950, et al. (författare)
  • Principles of Work Structuring: A general and thus also more reasoning introduction
  • 2016
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This completed article (or preprint not yet finished to due to one the author’s retirement) is based on a more extensive publication that also is registered a preprint at Chalmers Public library (CPL) (i.e. Engström and Jonsson 2015 “Development and application of (certain) Principles for work structuring” a book manuscript of more than 600 pages twelve chapters and a number of freestanding appendixes) (a work that have occupied the authors' minds for almost two decades) (see the just mentioned publication that also is registered in CPL). The selected book content has been scrutinised yet another time by a professional with regard to the English language. However, in this particular case (for this article) have just some of the content in the more extensive publication been refined further by mean of a selection of the matters that have been judged as of common interest as well as possible to delimit to approximatively some one hundred pages. This in order to create a more legible publication which could be grasped by more readers than what usual are the case. The matters treated calls for a mastering of a number of different contexts, as well as a certain sort of preunderstanding numerous details, which need to be explained to most readers.  This is actually an almost inevitable nature of the content in this completed article, even though (rather naturally) it is, of course, likely to blame such situation on the authors themselves. Please, remember that the research and development work dealt with cowers more than the four decades work of a cross and multi-disciplinary nature. That is a hard and intensive work of both practitioner and scientist from various scientific disciplines. Efforts which have been amalgamated by the common aim to develop alternatives to line assembly featuring e.g. parallel product flow assembly systems designs with small (parallel) autonomous workgroups.  These unorthodox (real-life) assembly systems featured (what was international unique solely in just two Swedish cases) advanced materials feeding techniques and extensively long work cycle times (some nine percent of the assembly workers were officially able to master completing whole automobiles single-handedly, i.e. all by themselves) (some more were able to do so, but they were not interested in the official test required).  As a sort of quintessence (final proof) of the sociotechnical research tradition in the Gothenburg area, were both (1) the nowadays defunct Volvo Uddevalla plant and (2) the closed down so-called assembly docks at the Volvo Tuve heavy truck chassis plant located in Gothenburg. These sociotechnical advanced, unorthodox (real-life) designs were in most respects the responsibility of one of the two authors and his colleagues.  Who for nine years disposed a number of experimental workshops located outside the Chalmers University of technology that were used for disassembly of automobiles and heavy truck chassis (including analyses of the content in various Volvo information systems, a content which were displayed on original and customised paper print out exposed out on elbow-high large tables besides the decomposed automotive products.  Such approach was unavoidably needed in order to e.g. construct the appropriate assembly work instruction for the extensively long work cycle time practised, and to thereby also revise product information harboured in the various information system. (The information systems available at this period of time proved in fact to be unable to support the very unfamiliar way to assemble the products in question. In fact, they were misleading thereby giving birth to a common misunderstanding of e.g. an immense number of product variants and a far too complex product perceived to be impossible to understand.) Finally, as said before the approximate hundred pages of the condensed more extensive publication have been rewritten by the two authors in connection to a successive proofreading by a professional (Lille-More Arnäs at the Linguae Company who is familiar with our linguistic usage and who has proof-read our publications for decades). The aim is to evolve the content further to thereby create a nucleus for our future work to finalize the more extensive publication. A comment: The most socio-technically advanced assembly system designs inventible requires reformed/reconfigured information systems dealing with product data (which in turn defines the product architecture and product variation). In fact, no any such (real-life) plant or assembly system would work as anticipated otherwise. And this publication is to some extent describing some selected aspects of this (very) dilemma (changing information systems are usually not something considered than designing assembly systems) (thus are totally new plants – and in turn totally new information systems – most often the real practical change to create something unorthodox) (however, which scientist will gain such opportunities, this is really rare, i.e. the projection of the Volvo Uddevalla plant was thus an exception and the trust given by the industry – by Volvo Uddevalla project organisation – was appreciated by some of the authors).
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16.
  • Engström, Tomas, 1950 (författare)
  • Some Socio-Technological Aspects on Assembly System Designs in Japan and Sweden. A theoretical analysis
  • 2016
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This completed and scrutinised article (or preprint not yet finished to due to the author’s retirement) is based on a more the thirty years cooperation with scientists located in Japan (featuring various Japanese financing, joint-venture seminars and other scientific initiatives like co-authoring, research tours in Japan and Sweden visiting various shop-floor operations, etc. But, the article is also bringing forward specific knowledge from the author’s earlier experiences regarding the development of alternatives to assembly line (initiated in 1975), as have been practised by one of his tutors gained before his doctor's degree at the Saab Scania plant in Trollhättan (initiated in 1970). This article has (for a decade) been completed and sent to our Japanese research colleagues as a chapter of a common book project (an anthology), which so far has not been fully completed due to several different reasons. This article is illuminating the (from the author’s perspective) recent development of so-called lean production (this approach was not existing during the 1970s and 1980s, at least not as the explicit theoretical frame of reference that is at hand nowadays). This with regard to the assembly work as were and partly still are at hand on the Japanese assembly lines. That is, considering the knowledge and experiences briefly hinted being at hand just above (the scientific context described), are the author in this article carrying out a sort of theoretical analyze of group work in the two countries. Thereby it becomes possible to compare, what may here be denoted as, a the most refined Japanese assembly lines (as was and is practiced by e.g. Toyota) with the most advanced unorthodox Swedish alternatives to assembly work (as was practiced earlier by the autonomous workgroups at Saab Scania in their body shop, and later on proved to also be successful in the nowadays defunct Volvo Uddevalla plant more than twenty-five years later). This means that serial and parallel product flows assembly system designs, with very short respectively extensively long work cycle times, are analyzed. Exploiting the sociotechnical theory, which was applied in e.g. the body shop case, on the Japanese counterpart proves that the two different assembly system designs had certain (important) characteristic (differences and resemblances). These characteristics, in turn, inflicts the efficiency, flexibility and work as well as work condition. Such comparisons are, according to the author’s insight, inventible necessary to grasp for any analyst, then he or she are discussing assembly work in any type of assembly system design (Note, not all plants are not alike. Furthermore, the theoretical frames of references have to be brought forward and also kept constant in order to conduct far more in-depth analyses).
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17.
  • Frennert, Susanne, PhD, et al. (författare)
  • Using attention cards to facilitate active participation in eliciting old adults' requirements for assistive robots
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479905072 ; , s. 774-779, s. 774-779
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Engaging old users in the exploration of future product concepts can be challenging. It is of great value to find ways to actively involve them in the design of novel technologies intended for them, particularly when they have no prior experience of the technology in question. One obstacle in this process is that many old people do not identify themselves as being old or they think that it (the technology) would be good for others but not themselves. This paper presents a card method to overcome this obstacle. A full-day workshop with three internal focus groups was run with 14 participants. Based on our experience, we propose a way in which active participation in the process of eliciting user requirements for assistive robots from old users with no prior experience of assistive robots can be carried out.
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18.
  • Garrote Jurado, Ramon, 1962- (författare)
  • Educational Software in Engineering Education
  • 2015
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis contributes to the quality of engineering education and the accessibility of education worldwide by promoting computer-enhanced teaching and learning. It uses the epistemology of John Dewey (1859-1952) and the action research methodology first advanced by Kurt Lewin (1890-1947). A mixed methods approach that combines qualitative case studies with quantitative research methods is used.In the first of three case studies engineering students working on their final degree projects participated. To elicit interaction, a learning management system (LMS) was used and the students were strongly encouraged to discuss various aspects of their work.The second case focused on the barriers to a wider utilization of educational software in engineering education. The case is delimited to lecturers at the School of Engineering at the University of Borås. The investigation focuses on the lecturers’ reluctance to use educational technology and the slow uptake of new pedagogical methods in engineering education.The third case study covers three subsets of participants. A course intended to improve lecturers handling skills and motivation to utilize educational software in a pedagogically sound manner was given in Cuba, Guatemala and Peru.The first case demonstrated that computer-enhanced collaborative learning can improve the learning experience and performance of engineering students. The second case showed that LMS tools that facilitate traditional methods are used routinely, whereas lecturers often refrain from using features intended to facilitate collaboration and the creation of communities of learners.The third case study investigated the use of a complete course package, with all course material and software contained on the same USB drive (LiveUSB Mediated Education, LUME). It is asserted that LUME can facilitate constructivist pedagogical methods and help overcome the reluctance of lecturers to utilize educational software in a pedagogical sound way.
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19.
  • Gremyr, Ida, 1975, et al. (författare)
  • A developmental view on implementation of quality management concepts
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1756-669X .- 1756-6703. ; 6:2/3, s. 143-154
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the value of a developmental learning view on implementation of quality management (QM) concepts. QM concepts are common in various organizations; some implement them smoothly, others struggle and sometimes even abandon the initiatives. What is then a successful implementation – is it the use a specific QM method as a standard problem solving approach, or is it that learning has occurred during implementation?Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on an illustrative case study carried out at a hospital in western Sweden. The data have been collected through about 130 hours of participation in project work by the first author and through seven face-to-face interviews of about one hour each.Findings – It is shown that a Design for Six Sigma pilot project with a narrow view on implementation could be regarded as a failure, but it gave rise to much learning and new improved ways of working. Hence, it is argued that a developmental view on implementation can support learning by an emergent and experimental approach to implementation processes.Originality/value – Much research has been done on how to increase the success rate of implementations of QM initiatives, e.g. procedures to follow to reach an outcome where the new way of working is standard procedure. Less research has problematized the implementation process, questioning what a successful outcome of an implementation is.
  •  
20.
  • Grimsberg, Michaël, et al. (författare)
  • Vem styr egentligen grundutbildningen?
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Proceedings 5:e Utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar, Uppsala universitet, 18 – 19 november 2015. - : Uppsala universitet. ; , s. 18-22
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Vi belyser olikheter och likheter i hur grundutbildningen styrs på fyra svenska tekniska högskolor. Vi jämför hur lärare och examinatorer väljs ut, hur medel fördelas och vilken roll programansvariga (eller motsvarande) har. De strukturella skillnaderna är relativt stora med störst autonomi för programansvariga på Chalmers tekniska högskola vilket delvis har att göra med att detta lärosäte lyder under aktiebolagslagen.
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21.
  • Hosseini Bab Anari, Elham, 1982, et al. (författare)
  • Fluorine-free salts for aqueous lithium-ion and sodium-ion battery electrolytes
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 6:88, s. 6, 85194-85201
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A first generation of fluorine-free lithium and sodium salts based on the concept of pseudo-delocalized anions has been synthesized with both high purity and yield using water as the solvent in the reaction medium. The salts have been fully characterized by Raman and FT-IR spectroscopies, thermogravimetry, and X-ray crystallography to reveal both basic properties in terms of thermal stability and solubility as well as the local, mainly ion–ion interaction dictated, coordination details and by ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability window measurements as aqueous electrolytes. Together a picture is created of the salts' promise as components in electrolytes – primarily aiming at application in low voltage fluorinefree aqueous lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).
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22.
  • Huang, L., et al. (författare)
  • Anomalous temperature dependence of elastic constant c(44) in V, Nb, Ta, Pd, and Pt
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3697 .- 1879-2553. ; 71:8, s. 1065-1068
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The anomalous temperature dependence of elastic constant c(44) for elements V. Nb, Ta, Pd, and Pt, has been calculated using first-principles theory. It is shown that the variation of elastic constant for simple elements can be approximated as the sum of thermal expansion and electronic components. The thermal expansion contributes the normal linearly decreasing effect to the elastic constant with temperature, while electronic contribution is determined by the unique character of electronic structure of elements and leads to the anomalous effect to the elastic constant with temperature.
  •  
23.
  • Hörnqvist Colliander, Magnus, 1979, et al. (författare)
  • Early stages of spinodal decomposition in Fe-Cr resolved by in-situ small-angle neutron scattering
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 106:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In-situ, time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) investigations of the early stages of the spinodal decomposition process in Fe-35Cr were performed at 773 and 798K. The kinetics of the decomposition, both in terms of characteristic distance and peak intensity, followed a power-law behaviour from the start of the heat treatment (a' = 0.10-0.11 and a '' = 0.67-0.86). Furthermore, the method allows tracking of the high-Q slope, which is a sensitive measure of the early stages of decomposition. Ex-situ SANS and atom probe tomography were used to verify the results from the in-situ investigations. Finally, the in-situ measurement of the evolution of the characteristic distance at 773K was compared with the predictions from the Cahn-Hilliard-Cook model, which showed good agreement with the experimental data (a' = 0.12-0.20 depending on the assumed mobility).
  •  
24.
  • Insulander Björk, Klara L, 1982 (författare)
  • Thorium-plutonium fuel for long operating cycles in PWRs - preliminary calculations
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Thorium and Rare Earths Conference.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Preliminary calculations have been carried out to investigate the possibility of extending oper-ating cycle length in PWRs by use of Thorium-Plutonium mixed oxide fuel (Th-MOX). Thecalculations have been carried out in two dimensions, using the fuel assembly burnup simula-tion program CASMO-5. The reload scheme and the operating parameters are modelled on theSwedish PWR Ringhals 3 and a normal UOX fuel assembly designed for this reactor has beenused as a reference. Results show that an extension of the currently employed 12-month oper-ating cycle length is possible, either with a burnable absorber or with a modified fuel assemblydesign, assuming the same 3-batch reload scheme as currently used in Ringhals 3.The initial k∞ of the new Th-MOX fuel design was designed not to exceed that of the refer-ence UOX fuel. The power peaking factor is initially significantly lower than the reference,but slightly higher later in the life of the fuel assembly. All reactivity coefficients are withinacceptable range. The worth of control rods and soluble boron are lower than the reference, asexpected for a plutonium-bearing fuel.
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25.
  • Jagtap, Santosh, et al. (författare)
  • Design for the BOP and TOP markets: Strategies used by the design students
  • 2013
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. About two-fifths of the world population can be categorized as poor. Poverty is a trap because children born to poor parents are likely to grow up to be poor adults. In recent years, a poverty reduction approach that combines business development with poverty alleviation has received attention. The design of products for the BOP is an important ingredient of this poverty reduction approach. While companies are beginning to address the product needs of the BOP, there is limited practical and theoretical knowledge to support them. The current understanding of the design for the BOP is limited. This study aims at exploring the differences between the design strategies used by the industrial design students in designing products for the BOP and TOP markets. The results indicate the differences between their design strategies (i.e. problem driven strategy, solution driven strategy) in designing products for the BOP and TOP markets. We have discussed the implications of the findings for design practice and education. In particular, we have discussed how university-based design projects for the BOP can help in developing students’ different design skills.
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26.
  • Jagtap, Santosh, et al. (författare)
  • Ideation Metrics: Interdependency between Average Novelty and Variety
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: DS 70: Proceedings of DESIGN 2012, the 12th International Design Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia. - 1847-9073. - 9789537738174 ; , s. 1881-1892, s. 1881-1892
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract in Undetermined The importance of ideation in the conceptual design phase has been widely accepted. Shah et al. (2003) developed four key metrics for evaluating a designer’s exploration and expansion of design space. The four metrics are: novelty, variety, quality, and quantity of designs. The mean of novelty scores of ideas in a set (i.e. Average Novelty - AN) has also been used in some ideation studies. However, many of the studies that have computed AN and variety, have not examined the interdependency between them. This research aims at examining the interdependency between AN and variety.
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27.
  • Jahanmiri, Mohsen, 1953 (författare)
  • Particle Image Velocimetry: Fundamentals and Its Applications
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is the newest entrant to the field of fluid flow measurement and provides instantaneous velocity fields over global domains. As the name suggests, PIV records the position over time of small tracer particles introduced into the flow to extract the local fluid velocity. Thus, PIV represents a quantitative extension of the qualitative flow visualization techniques that have been practised for several decades. This paper gives a brief background on evolution of PIV and then its principle of operation, main features and basic elements are explaind. Errors in PIV occurring while measurements are discussed and, the state-of-the-art of the technique today is overviewed and illustrated by reference to recent, seminal publications describing both the development and application of PIV.
  •  
28.
  • Karlsson, Anna, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • The role of attention for radical innovation : Identifying moves that matter
  • 2018
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although the human problem of managing attention has been identified as a central problem in the management of innovation, limited research has considered how attention is handled by different actors in the various phases of the innovation process. Moreover, more attention and commitment may be needed for radical ideas to succeed, making this type of innovations particularly interesting to study. This study aims to contribute to the literature addressing the development of radical innovations in established companies by focusing on the role of attention for this type of innovations. Based on an in-depth longitudinal case study, this paper provides an account of how attention was handled in such a setting. Interview data was collected from individuals involved in the project at two different points in time – adjacent to the formal start of the development project and close to the launch. Results reveal three attentional streams (‘Providing input & motivation’, ‘Propelling the idea forward’ and ‘Protecting the idea & individuals’) involving different actors during the innovation process. Along with the finding that managers engage in diverting behavior, and their rationales for doing so, this contributes to theory. Lastly, two of the attentional streams identified highlight an organizational-level paradox connected to radical innovation. A paradox that leaves managers in an ambiguous position.
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29.
  •  
30.
  • Kurdve, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Can Social Sustainability Values be Incorporated in a Product Service System for Temporary Public Building Modules?
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 64, s. 193-198
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The temporary constructions industry has cost efficiency and sustainability challenges that may require new innovative business models as well as product and processes. This paperaims to discuss how social sustainability services can be included in product service system (PSS)by investigating a case where employment is offered in distributed temporary building module manufacturing in the PSS context. The case has been evaluated against PSS literature. Recent reviews and literature on inclusion of social sustainability and PSS for buildings were used. It is concluded that the current concept fits basic definitions of PSS although it is not typical. The social value of employment is difficult to evaluate and inclusion in PSS needs further research. Design practice could be used to further develop the services in the studied concept. © 2017 The Authors.
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31.
  • Kurdve, Martin, 1971, et al. (författare)
  • Development of the urban and industrial symbiosis in western Mälardalen
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 73, s. 96-101
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • From a product service systems business model development perspective, this paper presents a case study of Västra Mälardalens industrial symbiosis, its maturity level and potentials for further development. The status and potentials of the symbiosis network, based on a survey, interviews and workshops, together with background statistics, is used to evaluate the potential improvement areas and suggest future research. The study contributes with application of evaluation models and confirms earlier research and in addition suggests future research in the field. The Symbiosis network has potential to be acting as innovation catalyst supporting companies to go beyond core business development.
  •  
32.
  • Larson, Kristine, et al. (författare)
  • Coastal Sea Level Measurements Using a Single Geodetic GPS Receiver
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1948 .- 0273-1177. ; 51:8, s. 1301-1310
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a method to derive local sea level variations using data from a single geodetic-quality Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver using GPS (Global Positioning System) signals. This method is based on multipath theory for specular reflections and the use of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) data. The technique could be valuable for altimeter calibration and validation. Data from two test sites, a dedicated GPS tide gauge at the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) in Sweden and the Friday Harbor GPS site of the EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) in USA, are analyzed. The sea level results are compared to independently observed sea level data from nearby and in situ tide gauges. For OSO, the Root-Mean-Square (RMS) agreement is better than 5 cm, while it is on the order of 10 cm for Friday Harbor. The correlation coefficients are better than 0.97 for both sites. For OSO, the SNR-based results are also compared with results from a geodetic analysis of GPS data of a two receivers/antennae tide gauge installation. The SNR-based analysis results in a slightly worse RMS agreement with respect to the independent tide gauge data than the geodetic analysis (4.8 cm and 4.0 cm, respectively). However, it provides results even for rough sea surface conditions when the two receivers/antennae installation no longer records the necessary data for a geodetic analysis.
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33.
  • Larson, Kristine, et al. (författare)
  • The GPS Tide Gauge Problem Revisited
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2011, 5-9 December, San Francisco, USA.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • It is well-known that GPS instruments can be used to measure local sea level. In most experiments, two antennas are deployed at a coastal site. A geodetic antenna - optimized for RHCP signals - is used in the traditional orientation and tracks the direct signal. The second antenna is optimized for reflected signals - which are primarily LHCP - and is pointed towards the ocean. The sea surface can then be estimated by analyzing the carrier phase data. While the data from the "up" antenna are dominated by the direct signal, the effects of signals reflected from the ocean are also present in its data. Thus in principle, one might be able to estimate sea level using only data from the "up" antenna. This is similar in concept to recent multipath studies where geodetic GPS installations are being used to measure soil moisture variations and snow depth.We have analyzed GPS data for a three-month period from a GPS tide gauge installation at the Onsala Space Observatory. It is located on the western coast of Sweden. We used the SNR data from the "up" antenna only. The data were windowed by azimuth for ocean-reflections and elevation angles from 18-40 degrees. This provides hourly sea level measurements. Comparisons were made to an average for tide gauge records 18 km south and 33 km north of Onsala. The standard deviation of the residual between our solutions and the tide gauges is 4.9 cm. This is less precise than the combined up-down antenna system of 2.6 cm. These precision values include errors associated with real tidal motion at the GPS site. While the "down" antenna performs poorly in high-wind conditions (> 8 m/s), we found that the "up" antenna performs significantly better at these times.
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34.
  • Larsson, Gustav, et al. (författare)
  • A case study of municipal solid waste in Nepal compared to the situation in the European Union and Sweden
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Proceedings Linnaeus ECO-TECH´10, Kalmar,  Sweden, Nov 22-24, 2010. ; , s. 429-438
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nepal, situated in the Himalayan belt has a rapidly growing population together with highurbanisation rate. These factors are currently causing problems connected to municipal solidwaste (MSW). E.g. leakage of hazardous substances to soil and surrounding aquatic systems,spread of odour and naturally unfamiliar materials to natural biotopes, all of which generateenvironmental damage and health problems. There are certain differences in waste generationand waste composition between urban areas of Nepal. In order to retrieve a broad picture ofthe current waste management situation, three population differentiated municipalities indifferent areas of the country were investigated. Studies of the MSW regarding compositionand generation were conducted. Moreover, waste management in Nepal was compared withthe basic waste management in the European Union (EU) and Sweden. Landfill sites (LFS) inGhorahi Municipality, Pokhara Sub-metropolitan City and Kathmandu Metropolitan Citywere studied. Our studies show differences in waste composition, generation and managementbetween the three locations. The differences are somewhat interconnected with populationsize and tourism. Cities with higher population and more tourism tend to have a highergeneration and more diverse MSW. Nevertheless, the urban areas of Nepal are very much inneed of a more structured waste management system, a system more alike the wastemanagement of EU. Apart from structural problems, there are attitude and behavioural issuesthat needs to be dealt with. Further studies regarding social patterns, attitude and behaviour,as well as the economic flow of MSW, needs to be conducted in order to retrieve an evenbroader picture and understand important underlying issues.
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35.
  • Laukkanen, P., et al. (författare)
  • Core-level shifts of the c(8 x 2)-reconstructed InAs(100) and InSb(100) surfaces
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 177:1, s. 52-57
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We have studied In-stabilized c(8 2)-reconstructed InAs(1 0 0) and InSb(1 0 0) semiconductor surfaces, which play a key role in growing improved III-V interfaces for electronics devices, by core-level photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. The calculated surface core-level shifts (SCLSs) for the zeta and zeta a models, which have been previously established to describe the atomic structures of the III-V(1 00)c(8 x 2) surfaces, yield hitherto not reported interpretation for the As 3d, In 4d, and Sb 4d core-level spectra of the III-V(1 00)c(8 x 2) surfaces, concerning the number and origins of SCLSs. The fitting analysis of the measured spectra with the calculated zeta and zeta a SCLS values shows that the InSb spectra are reproduced by the zeta SCLSs better than by the zeta a SCLSs. Interestingly, the zeta a fits agree better with the InAs spectra than the zeta fits do, indicating that the zeta a model describes the InAs surface better than the InSb surface. These results are in agreement with previous X-ray diffraction data. Furthermore, an introduction of the complete-screening model, which includes both the initial and final state effects, does not improve the fitting of the InSb spectra, proposing the suitability of the initial-state model for the SCLSs of the III-V(1 0 0)c(8 x 2) surfaces. The found SCLSs are discussed with the ab initio on-site charges.
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36.
  • Lee, Kyuho, et al. (författare)
  • Benchmarking van der Waals density functionals with experimental data: potential-energy curves for H2 molecules on Cu(111), (100) and (110) surfaces
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 24:42
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Detailed physisorption data from experiment for the H2 molecule on low-index Cu surfaces challenge theory. Recently, density functional theory (DFT) has been developed to account for nonlocal correlation effects, including van der Waals (dispersion) forces. We show that the functional vdW-DF2 gives a potential-energy curve, potential-well energy levels and difference in lateral corrugation promisingly close to the results obtained by resonant elastic backscattering–diffraction experiments. The backscattering barrier is sensitive to the choice of exchange functional approximation. Further, the DFT-D3 and TS-vdW corrections to traditional DFT formulations are also benchmarked, and deviations are analyzed.
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37.
  • Liwång, Hans (författare)
  • Survivability of an Ocean Patrol Vessels - Analysis approach and uncertainty treatment
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Marine Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 0951-8339 .- 1873-4170. ; 43, s. 1-21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Military ocean patrol vessels (OPVs) are today an increasingly common type of naval ship. To facilitate the wide range of tasks with small crews, OPVs represent several ship design compromises between, for example, survivability, redundancy and technical endurance, and some of these compromises are new to military ships.The aim of this study is to examine how the design risk control options in relation to survivability, redundancy and technical endurance can be linked to the operational risk in a patrol and surveillance scenario. The ship operation for a generic OPV, including the actions of the threat, is modelled with a Bayesian network describing the scenario and the dependency among different influences.The scenario is described with expert data collected from subject matter experts. The approach includes an analysis of uncertainty using Monte Carlo analysis and numerical derivative analysis.The results show that it is possible to link the performance of specific ship design features to the operational risk. Being able to propagate the epistemic uncertainties through the model is important to understand how the uncertainty in the input affects the output and the output uncertainty for the studied case is small relative to the input uncertainty. The study shows that linking different ship design features for aspects such as survivability, redundancy and technical endurance to the operational risk gives important information for the ship design decision-making process.
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38.
  • Löfgren, Johan, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • High-rate local sea level monitoring with a GNSS-based tide gauge
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Proceedings DVD-ROM. - 9781424495665 ; , s. 3616-3619
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We present first results from the analysis of high-rate observations with a GNSS-based tide gauge at the Onsala Space Observatory. The goal is to determine local sea level with high temporal resolution. The GNSS-based tide gauge makes use of right-hand circular polarized GNSS signals that are directly received and left-hand circular polarized GNSS signals that are reflected from the sea surface. An experimental setup of the GNSS-based tide gauge was operated in the spring of 2010 and data were recorded with a sampling rate of 20 Hz.We analyzed data decimated to 1 Hz using different temporal resolution between 5 and 240 seconds, and the resulting time series of local sea level were compared to each other and to results from two stilling well gauges. The comparison with the data from the stilling well gauges shows a common trend.The comparison of the results from analyses with different temporal resolution show consistent results. There is also an indication that the GNSS-based tide gauge might be able to give information on the sea surface state.
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39.
  • Löfgren, Johan, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • Monitoring coastal sea level using reflected GNSS signals
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1948 .- 0273-1177. ; 47:2, s. 213-220
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A continuous monitoring of coastal sea level changes is important for human society since it is predicted that up to 332 million people in coastal and low-lying areas will be directly affected by flooding from sea level rise by the end of the 21st century. The traditional way to observe sea level is using tide gauges that give measurements relative to the Earth’s crust. However, in order to improve the understanding of the sea level change processes it is necessary to separate the measurements into land surface height changes and sea surface height changes. These measurements should then be relative to a global reference frame. This can be done with satellite techniques, and thus a GNSS-based tide gauge is proposed. The GNSS-based tide gauge makes use of both GNSS signals that are directly received and GNSS signals that are reflected from the sea surface. An experimental installation at the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) shows that the reflected GNSS signals have only about 3 dB less signal-to-noise-ratio than the directly received GNSS signals. Furthermore, a comparison of local sea level observations from the GNSS-based tide gauge with two stilling well gauges, located approximately 18 km and 33 km away from OSO, gives a pairwise root-mean-square agreement on the order of 4 cm. This indicates that the GNSS-based tide gauge gives valuable results for sea level monitoring.
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40.
  • Löfgren, Johan, 1983 (författare)
  • Observing Sea Level Using Reflected Global Navigation Satellite System Signals
  • 2011
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Sea-level rise due to global warming is predicted to have a large impact on human society, especially for populations living in coastal regions and on islands. It is therefore of great importance to monitor the sea level and to increase the understanding of the local hydrodynamic and meteorological responses to a global sea-level rise.Presented in this thesis is a technique to measure local sea level using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals. This GNSS-based tide gauge acquires both the directly received GNSS signals and the GNSS signals that are reflected off the sea surface, using standard geodetic GNSS receivers. With the directly received signals the installation measures land-surface height changes, whereas the reflected signals are used to measure sea-surface height changes. Both measurements are done with respect to the Earth's centre of mass. By combining these observations it is possible to estimate the local sea level, which is directly related to the volume of the ocean.Several GNSS-based tide gauge campaigns have been carried out at the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) on the west coast of Sweden. Today the installation is still in place and continues to record GNSS data with a sampling frequency of 1 Hz. In this thesis, data from the campaigns are analysed in a post-processing mode with an in-house developed software. Sea-level estimates are produced with a temporal resolution from 5 s to 20 min and compared to independent sea-level observations from stilling well gauges located approximately 18 km south and 33 km north of OSO. The results for three months of GNSS-derived sea level show an agreement, with respect to the stilling well gauge sea level, with typical root-mean-square differences of better than 6 cm and correlation coefficients of higher than 0.95.Additionally, using an ocean-tide analysis of three months of sea-level observations from the GNSS-based tide gauge, it was possible to determine several tidal components, i.e., M2, S2, N2, O2, and M4. The amplitudes and phases show reasonable agreement with the ones derived from one year of stilling well gauge sea-level data.
  •  
41.
  • Löfgren, Johan, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • Remote Sensing of the Coastal Ocean with Standard Geodetic GNSS-Equipment
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2012, 22-27 April, Vienna, Austria.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We use standard geodetic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) equipment to perform remote sensing measurements of the coastal ocean. This is done by a so-called GNSS-based tide gauge that uses both direct GNSS-signals and GNSS-signals that are reflected off the sea surface. Our installation is located at the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) at the west coast of Sweden and consists of a zenith-looking Right Hand Circularly Polarized (RHCP) and a nadir-looking Left Hand Circularly Polarized (LHCP) antenna. Each antenna is connected to a standard geodetic-type GNSS-receiver.We applied two different analysis strategies to our GNSS data set. The first strategy is based on a traditional geodetic differential analysis [Löfgren et al., 2011] and makes use of the data from both receivers; connected to the zenith and the nadir looking antennae. This approach results in local sea level that is automatically corrected for land motion, meaning that the GNSS-based tide gauge can provide reliable sea-level estimates even in tectonic active regions. The second strategy focuses on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) recorded with the receiver connected to the zenith-looking antenna [Larson et al., 2011]. The SNR is affected by multipath originating from the sea surface reflections. Analysis of the SNR data allows to determine the distance between the antenna and the reflecting surface, and thus to measure sea surface height. Results from both analysis strategies are compared to independently observed sea-level data from two stilling-well gauges operated by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), which lie in a distance of several km from OSO. The root-mean-square agreement between the different time series of several month's length is on the order of 5 cm and better. These results indicate the large potential for using coastal GNSS-sites for the monitoring of the coastal ocean.References:Löfgren J.S., Haas R., Scherneck H-G., Bos M.S., (2011), Three months of local sea level derived from reflected GNSS signals, Radio Science, 46 (RS0C05).Larson K., Löfgren J.S., Haas R., (2011), The GPS tide gauge problem revisited, AGU Fall Meeting, 5-9 December, San Francisco, USA, Poster.
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42.
  • Löfgren, Johan, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • Sea-Level Analysis Using 100 Days of Reflected GNSS Signals
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd International Colloquium - Scientific and Fundamental Aspects of the Galileo Programme, 31 August - 2 September 2011, Copenhagen, Denmark. ; :WPP 326, s. 5-
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals reflected off the sea surface can be used for remote sensing of the sea level. We present results from a GNSS-based tide gauge using standard geodetic-type GNSS receivers for receiving both the reflected and the direct GNSS signals. The local sea level is then obtained using relative geodetic processing of the carrier phase delay.We show results from our analysis of 100 days of GNSS data from the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO). The GNSS-derived sea level is compared to a weighted average of sea level observations from two stilling well gauges located 18 km and 33 km away from OSO. The comparison shows a high level of agreement with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. Furthermore, the standard deviation (1σ) between the time series is 5.0 cm and the pairwise mean difference is 3.6 cm.Additionally, we present a tidal analysis of the three sea level datasets and compare the derived tidal constituents both to each other and to a Regional Tide Model (RTM). From the GNSS-derived sea level we find significant ocean tidal signals with reasonable amplitudes and with most phases in between those for the stilling well gauges sites. The comparison to the RTM shows limitations of the model for long-period tidal signals.
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43.
  • Löfgren, Johan, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • Sea Level Derived from Reflected GNSS Signals
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2011, 5-9 December, San Francisco, USA.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The traditional way to observe sea level is to use tide gauges, resulting in measurements relative to the Earth’s crust. However, in order to measure the sea-level change due to changes in ocean water volume and/or other oceanographic phenomena, all types of crustal motion at the measurement site need to be known.We present a remote sensing technique for measuring local sea level using standard geodetic-type Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. The installation consists of a zenith-looking Right Hand Circular Polarized (RHCP) antenna, receiving the direct signals, and a nadir-looking Left Hand Circular Polarized antenna, receiving the signals reflected of the sea surface. Each antenna is connected to a receiver and the antenna pair is deployed back-to-back at a coastal site. Estimating the vertical baseline between thetwo antennas, using standard geodetic analysis, the local sea level and its temporal variations can be determined. The advantage of this technique is that it allows to measure both sea surface height changes with relative positioning and land surface height changes, e.g., by precise point positioning of the RHCP antenna. Furthermore, the combined measurements of local sea level are automatically corrected for land motion, meaning that this installation could provide continuously reliable sea-level estimates in tectonic active regions.This GNSS-based tide gauge has been operating continuously at the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) on the west coast of Sweden since September 2010. We present results from several months of operations and compare them to sea-level measurements from two stilling well gauges about 18 km south and 33 km north of OSO. We find a high degree of agreement between the time series with correlation coefficients of larger than 0.95. The root-mean-square differences between the GNSS-derived sea level and the stilling well gauge measurements are 5.9 cm and 5.5 cm, which is lower than between the two stilling well (6.1 cm). Furthermore, we present a tidal analysis of the three independent sea level time series and compare the derived tidal constituents among each other and with respect to theoretical models.
  •  
44.
  • Löfgren, Johan, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • Three months of local sea level derived from reflected GNSS signals
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Radio Science. - 0048-6604 .- 1944-799X. ; 46:RS0C05
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • By receiving Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals that are reflected off the sea surface, together with directly received GNSS signals (using standard geodetic‐type receivers), it is possible to monitor the sea level using regular single difference geodetic processing. We show results from our analysis of three months of data from the GNSS‐based tide gauge at the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) on the west coast of Sweden. The GNSS-derived time series of local sea level is compared with independent data from two stilling well gauges at Ringhals and Gothenburg about 18 km south and 33 km north of OSO, respectively. A high degree of agreement is found in the time domain, with correlation coefficients of up to 0.96. The root‐mean‐square differences between the GNSS‐derived sea level and the stilling well gauge observations are 5.9 cm and 5.5 cm, which is lower than for the stilling well gauges together (6.1 cm). A frequency domain comparison reveals high coherence of the data sets up to 6 cycles per day, which corresponds well to the propagation of gravity waves in the shallow waters at the Kattegat coast. Amplitudes and phases of some major tides were determined by a tidal harmonic analysis and compared to model predictions. From the GNSS‐based tide gauge results we find significant ocean tidal signals at fortnightly, diurnal, semi‐diurnal, and quarter‐diurnal periods. As an example, the amplitudes of the semi‐diurnal M2 and the diurnal O1 tide are determined with 1σ uncertainties of 11 mm and 12 mm, respectively. The comparison to model calculations shows that global ocean tide models have limited accuracy in the Kattegat area.
  •  
45.
  • Löfgren, Johan, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • Tropospheric correction for InSAR using interpolated ECMWF data and GPS zenith total delay from the Southern California Integrated GPS Network
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Proceedings DVD-ROM. - 9781424495665 ; , s. 4503-4506
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • A tropospheric correction method for Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) was developed using profiles from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) from the Global Positioning System (GPS). The ECMWF data were interpolated into a finer grid with the Stretched Boundary Layer Model (SBLM) using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with a horizontal resolution of 1 arcsecond. The output were converted into ZTD and combined with the GPS ZTD in order to achieve tropospheric correction maps utilizing both the high spatial resolution of the SBLM and the high accuracy of the GPS. These maps were evaluated for three InSAR images, with short temporal baselines (implying no surface deformation), from Envisat during 2006 on an area stretching northeast from the Los Angeles basin towards Death Valley.The RMS in the InSAR images was greatly reduced, up to 32%, when using the tropospheric corrections. Two of the residuals showed a constant gradient over the area, suggesting a remaining orbit error. This error was reduced by reprocessing the troposphere corrected InSAR images with the result of an overall RMS reduction of 15 − 68%.
  •  
46.
  • Marouf Rashid, Hawal, 1982, et al. (författare)
  • Metamaterial-Like Properties of the Distributed SIS Tunnel Junction
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: The 26th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The propagation factor of the Niobium-based distributed Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor (SIS) tunnel junction has been modelled for frequencies between 70-200 GHz. In the modelling, the distributed SIS junction was simulated as a microstrip distributed component. Furthermore, in our studies, the reactive part of the SIS tunnel junction quantum admittance was included in the model circuit diagram. It was shown that the SIS quantum reactance has significant effects on both the loss factor, Re (γ), and phase factor, Im (γ), where γ is the complex propagation constant.
  •  
47.
  • Nilsson, Susanne, 1966-, et al. (författare)
  • Developing radical innovations : Introducing Tangibility, Tolerance and Tightness
  • 2018
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper investigates what actions can be taken in order to support the developmentof radical innovations. The contribution adds to our understanding of how radicalinnovation projects develops over time and what and how managerial actions can betaken in order to support this development. Six radical innovation projects from twodifferent empirical settings have been investigated though semi-structured interviewsand the use of a project journey mapping technique allowing for a combination of bothnarrative and critical incident data collection. The data was analyzed in Nvivo. Theresults revealed three different flows of activities for radical innovation projects thatiteratively and interactively took place over time from the emergence of the idea tocommercialization, namely: (1) the configuration of the product system, (2) theunderstanding of customer value and (3) the experimentation of understanding of howto monetizing value form radical innovation projects. Three mechanisms in order tomanage these flows are presented: (1) making the radical innovation and its potentialmore tangible, (2) creating a tolerance for the uncertainties and ambiguities related tothe innovation during its development in the organization and (3) handling themanagement control tightness of the project in order for it to make it to thecommercialization. Two main practical implications of the results are discussed. Firstof all, organizations that aim to develop radical innovations need to understand andsupport the three different flows of activities early on and what it implies in terms ofcompetences needed and resources allocated. Second, the presented mechanismsprovide distinct examples of actions that can be taken in order to support thedevelopment flows of radical innovations.
  •  
48.
  • Normark, Carl Jörgen, et al. (författare)
  • Results from cross-fertilization of courses for improved student learning
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education: Building Community: Design Education for a Sustainable Future, E and PDE 2017. - Glasgow : Institution of Engineering Designers, The Design Society. - 9781904670841 - 9781904670858 ; , s. 734-739
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper describes results from the development of two new industrial design courses in order to improve student learning in both practical and theoretical skills. Practical skills, such as model making and sketching, cannot be studied only as theory. These skills need training, implementation, and time to allow the knowledge to mature. The new course design build upon the CDIO framework where especially two standards are incorporated in the new course design: Standard 3 - Integrated curriculum, where personal and interpersonal skills, and product, process, and system building skills are interwoven with disciplinary knowledge, and Standard 5 - Design-Implement Experiences, where emphasis is on learning by doing, that the students will learn from actually designing something. This paper contains results from studies made during the first implementation of the two new courses, both from a teacher- and a student perspective. Redesigning several courses at the same time facilitates constructive alignment on course level where course activities are aligned with examination, and on program level where course content build upon previous courses and the proper learning outcomes are addressed at the proper time in the education program. On a course level, the results indicate that students are positive towards the interwoven practical and theoretical parts. Also, the student understanding of how different knowledge interact, both practical hands-on and theoretical knowledge, seem to have increased compared to previous years. On a program level, there are indications that much effort should go into organizing the sometimes new roles for the teachers and if overlooked could affect the course negatively, but we now have the knowledge how to implement the CDIO framework to develop courses for improved student learning.  
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49.
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